Abstract: Tembusu virus (TMUV), an emerging avian-origin flavivirus, has caused substantial economic losses to the poultry industry since its outbreak in southeastern China in 2010, while posing potential zoonotic risks. The TMUV genome encodes three structural proteins and seven non-structural proteins, which play pivotal roles in viral infection, replication, immune evasion, and interactions with host factors. This article synthesizes recent research advances on TMUV with structural biology data to elucidate the functions of TMUV-encoded proteins, revealing how their intricate structural characteristics correlate with biological functions, thereby providing references for antiviral drug and vaccine development.