Amylose Accumulation in Grain Filling Stage of Rice Varied on Amylose Content
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摘要:目的
直链淀粉含量作为水稻重要品质性状之一，是影响稻米食味品质和各式各样米制品加工的重要因素。探究不同水稻品种籽粒灌浆过程中直链淀粉的积累特性，为调控水稻籽粒直链淀粉合成和积累以及稻米品质改良提供理论参考。
方法以高直链淀粉含量、中等直链淀粉含量和糯性等3类水稻品种为供试材料，测定灌浆期各个时间段内籽粒干物质积累量、直链淀粉积累量和直链淀粉含量变化，采用Logistic方程模型拟合籽粒直链淀粉积累量的变化过程，方程求导后分析灌浆期籽粒直链淀粉积累速率变化，了解不同水稻品种类型直链淀粉积累特性。
结果在水稻籽粒发育成熟的整个过程中籽粒干物质积累和直链淀粉积累都是一个“慢-快-慢”增长的动态过程。籽粒灌浆过程中不同品种干物质积累过程基本趋于一致，都是“渐增-陡增-缓增”的过程，最后逐渐趋于稳定，但籽粒干物质积累量接近最大值的时间因品种不同而不同，大约在15~27 d。使用Logistic方程模型对3类水稻品种的籽粒直链淀粉积累过程均有较好的预测性，拟合系数（R2）达 0.967～0.998。籽粒直链淀粉积累速率峰值出现在花后7～9 d，相较籽粒灌浆持续时间更短，更快达到积累量峰值，直链淀粉积累量达到峰值的时间在花后14～22 d，干物质积累量达到峰值的时间在花后15～27 d。籽粒直链淀粉积累速率和积累量的高低直接影响直链淀粉含量的高低，直链淀粉含量高的品种从灌浆早期开始就具有较快的直链淀粉合成能力和积累速度。
结论使用Logistic模型能较好地拟合籽粒直链淀粉的积累过程，籽粒直链淀粉积累速率峰值越大，且峰值出现的时间越迟，直链淀粉持续积累时间也越长，直链淀粉含量就越高，因此较高直链淀粉积累速率和较长直链淀粉积累持续时间，有利于籽粒直链淀粉含量的提高。
Abstract:ObjectiveAmylose accumulation during grain filling stage of rice varieties with varied amylose content was studied to decipher the starch synthesis mechanism for improved eating quality or processing performance by breeding.
MethodWaxy and two varieties of rice with high or medium amylose content were selected to monitor the changes on the dry matter, amylose accumulation and content in the grains during filling stage. The Logistic equation was used to fit and analyze the amylose accumulation.
ResultsAs rice grains developed and maturing, dry matter and amylose increased in a slow-fast-slow pattern. The 3 different varieties accumulated dry matter similarly in the manner of gradual incline, steep increase, then slow rise to reach a stabilized level. However, the time required to reach the maximum level varied from 15 d to 27 d. The Logistic equation could significantly predict the amylose accumulation of all 3 varieties at fitting coefficients (R2) of 0.967-0.998. The accumulation rate peaked at 7-9 d after anthesis which meant a shortened grain filling duration and an early arrival of maximum filling. It took 14-22 d after anthesis for a gain to arrive at the peak accumulation on amylose and 15-27 d on dry matter. Both rate and amount directly related to the amylose content in a grain. The high amylose rice variety had greater amylose synthesis ability with higher accumulation rate from the early filling stage than the low amylose varieties.
ConclusionThe model of Logistic function satisfactorily predicted the amylose accumulation of a rice grain. High amylose content tended to require longer time for the accumulation, unless the rice variety was highly efficient in amylose synthesis.
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Keywords:
- rice /
- grain filling /
- amylose content /
- amylose /
- accumulation characteristics
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图 1 供试水稻品种开花期气温和日照时长变化
Figure 1. Variations on temperature and sun exposure of rice plants after anthesis
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图 2 不同水稻品种花后每隔3 d的籽粒表型变化
A：广优151；B：美香占2号；C：糯恢6号。
Figure 2. Phenotypical changes of tested rice every 3 d after anthesis
A: Guangyou 151; B: Meixiangzhan 2; C: Nuohui 6.
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图 3 不同水稻品种籽粒灌浆过程中干物质积累量变化
Figure 3. Changes in dry matter accumulation during rice grain filling
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图 4 不同水稻品种籽粒灌浆过程中直链淀粉含量变化
Figure 4. Changes in amylose content during rice grain filling
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图 5 不同水稻品种籽粒灌浆过程中直链淀粉积累量变化
Figure 5. Changes in amylose accumulation during rice grain filling
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图 6 不同AC水稻品种籽粒直链淀粉积累速率的变化
Figure 6. Changes in amylose accumulation rate in grains of rice varieties
表 1 供试材料关键生育期及直链淀粉含量
Table 1 Key growth period and amylose content of tested rice varieties
品种
Variety播种期
Sowing date
（月−日）开花期
Flowering date
（月−日）成熟期
Mature date
（月−日）直链淀粉含量
Amylose content/%特性
Characteristics西科恢2928 Xikehui 2928 06-22 09-07 10-12 26.41 Aa 高AC
（AC≥25.0%）制西 Zhixi 06-22 09-12 10-15 25.17 Aa 广优151 Guangyou 151 06-22 09-13 10-16 26.84 Aa 美香占2号 Meixiangzhan 2 06-22 09-03 10-05 17.34 Bbc 中AC
（AC 17%～19%）莉丝 Lisi 06-22 09-03 10-04 17.71 Bc 江恢151 Jianghui 151 06-22 09-08 10-12 18.54 Bb 苏糯7132 Sunuo7132 06-22 08-25 09-26 2.10 Cd 糯性
（低AC≤2.5%）糯恢6号 Nuohui 6 06-22 09-09 10-14 2.44 Cd 不同大写字母表示在0.01水平上差异显著，不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。
Data with different uppercase letters indicate significant difference at 0.01 level; those with different lowercase letters, significant difference at 0.05 level.
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 供试材料直链淀粉积累动态拟合 Logistic 方程参数
Table 2 Logistic equation parameters for predicting amylose accumulation of rice varieties
品种
VarietyLogistic方程参数
Logistic equation parameters决定系数R2 K/（mg·粒−1） M N 广优151 Guangyou 151 7.372a 4.158e 0.460f 0.987 西科恢 2928 Xikehui 2928 5.268b 3.755f 0.519e 0.994 制西 Zhixi 4.496c 4.566d 0.589d 0.998 江恢151 Jianghui 151 3.873d 4.716c 0.600d 0.996 美香占2号 Meixiangzhan 2 2.219e 4.710c 0.665b 0.980 莉丝 Lisi 2.161e 4.904b 0.708a 0.971 糯恢6号 Nuohui 6 0.880f 5.240a 0.630c 0.967 苏糯 7132 Sunuo 7132 0.622g 4.482d 0.455f 0.989 同列中不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。
Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate a significant difference at the 0.05 level.
下载: 导出CSV
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