• 中文核心期刊
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  • 中国科技核心期刊
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康县核桃叶斑病病原鉴定及复配药剂筛选

Pathogen Identification and Compound Fungicide of Walnut Leaf Spot Disease at Kang County

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 明确康县核桃叶斑病病原菌，并筛选防控该病害的有效杀菌剂，为病害有效防治提供理论依据与指导。
    方法 采用组织分离法对病原菌进行分离纯化，结合形态学特征、致病性测定和多基因序列（ITS、TUB2和RPB2）分析对病原菌进行鉴定。采用菌丝生长速率法测定不同杀菌剂对病原菌的抑菌效果，计算抑制中浓度（EC50）。
    结果 引起康县核桃叶斑病病原菌为侵染鸭梨链格孢（Alternaria yaliinficiens），是该病原菌引起核桃叶斑病在国内首次报道。药剂室内毒力测定结果表明，8种供试杀菌剂对菌丝生长的抑制效果显著，其中以97%咪鲜胺原药对侵染鸭梨链格孢（A. yaliinficiens）的抑制效果最好，EC50值为0.7069 mg·L−1；其次是98%腐霉利原药、96%异菌脲原药和80%代森锰锌原药，EC50值分别为1.2444、1.3322、7.1152 mg·L−1。室内联合毒力测定结果表明，97%咪鲜胺原药和97%苯醚甲环唑原药以5︰1、3︰1、1︰1的体积比复配时表现出增效作用，增效系数（synergistic ratio, SR）分别为1.82、1.67和2.51。97%苯醚甲环唑原药和97%戊唑醇原药以5︰1、3︰1、1︰1、1︰3和1︰5的体积比复配时表现出增效作用，增效系数SR分别为5.18、4.53、5.45、7.31和7.67。其中97%苯醚甲环唑原药和97%戊唑醇原药以5︰1的体积比复配时表现的增效作用最好，增效系数SR为7.67。
    结论 在国内首次鉴定核桃叶斑病的致病菌为侵染鸭梨链格孢（A. yaliinficiens），97%咪鲜胺原药、98%腐霉利原药、96%异菌脲原药和80%代森锰锌原药对病原菌具有明显的抑制作用，97%咪鲜胺原药和97%苯醚甲环唑原药、97%苯醚甲环唑原药和97%戊唑醇原药复配时表现出增效作用。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective Pathogen causing walnut leaf spots at Kang County and effective fungicide for the disease control were identified.
    Method Probable pathogen was isolated by tissue isolation to be identified by morphological examination, pathogenicity tests, and sequences of ITS, TUB2, and RPB2. Inhibition effects of fungicides on the pathogen were determined according to mycelium growth with EC50 calculated.
    Result Alternaria yaliinficiens was identified to be the pathogen that caused the walnut leaf spot disease at Kang County. The in vitro test showed 8 fungicides that significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of the pathogen. Among them, 97% Prochloraz technical exhibited the greatest inhibition with an EC50 of 0.7069 mg·L−1, which was followed by 98% Procymidone technical, 96% Iprodione technical, and 80% Mancozeb technical with EC50 of 1.2444 mg·L−1, 1.3322 mg·L−1, and 7.1152 mg·L−1, respectively. By combining two fungicides, synergistic pathogen-inhibitory effects were found in 97% Prochloraz technical and 97% Difenoconazole technical at the mixing volume ratio of 5:1 with a coefficient (SR) of 1.82, and at 3:1 volume ratio with an SR of 1.67 or at 1:1 volume ratio with an SR of 2.51. And the combination of 97% Difenoconazole technical and 97% Tebuconazole technical in the volume ratios of 5:1, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5 with the SRs of 5.18, 4.53, 5.45, 7.31, and 7.67, respectively, while that of 97% Difenoconazole technical and 97% Tebuconazole technical in the volume ratio of 5:1 with an SR of 7.67, the synergistic effect was the best.
    Conclusion For the first time, the pathogen of walnut leaf spot disease in China was identified as A. yaliinficiens. The fungicides, 97% Prochloraz technical, 98% Procymidone technical, 96% Iprodione technical, and 80% Mancozeb technical, were significantly inhibitory to the pathogen as shown by in vitro test. Moreover, the combination of 97% Prochloraz technical with 97% Difenoconazole technical or 97% Difenoconazole technical with 97% Tebuconazole technical displayed significant synergistic inhibition effect .

     

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