Abstract: Pleurotus eryngii is a precious mushroom with tenderized stem and flavourous taste. However, there had been no report on its study and culture in. China. The morphological characteristics of Pleurotus eryngii and the effects of environmental factors such as temperature, humidity,pH,light and air on the mycelial growth and the fruiting of Pleurotus eryngii were studied in the paper. The results indicated that temperature was a key factor to influence the yield stability of Pleurotus eryngii when the mushroom was cultured in the natural conditions of. China; the optimum temperature for the development of the mushroom was 10～18℃, when the temperature was below 10℃ or higher than 18℃, the mushroom yield would be significantly affected.