不同类型红曲的功能活性成分含量及体外抗氧化活性比较研究

吴俐; 汤葆莎; 赖谱富; 李怡彬; 翁敏劼; 陈君琛; 吕旭聪

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.007.012

摘要:

目的分析功能曲（Functional Qu， FQ）、色曲（Coloring Qu，CQ）、乌衣红曲（Wuyi Qu，WQ）和古田红曲（Gutian Qu，GQ）4类红曲的主要功能活性成分和体外抗氧化活性，促进红曲抗氧化资源的开发利用。

方法首先，通过紫外可见分光光度法、色差法和高效液相色谱法分析4类红曲的色素、莫拉可林K（MK）、γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）、麦角固醇、多糖等主要功能活性成分。其次，通过铁离子还原抗氧化能力（Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power，FRAP）、DPPH （1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical）自由基清除试验、ABTS（2,2'-Azinobis-（3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate）自由基清除试验分别测定4类红曲的铁离子还原力、DPPH自由基清除能力和ABTS自由基清除能力等体外抗氧化活性。最后，采用SIMCA和SPSS软件分析主要功能活性成分和抗氧化活性的相关性。

结果 4类红曲的主要功能活性成分结果显示：CQ的橙色价、黄色价和红色价显著高于FQ、GQ和WQ，GQ的橙色价、黄色价和红色价显著高于FQ和WQ，FQ的橙色价显著高于WQ。FQ的MK含量显著高于CQ、GQ和WQ。WQ的GABA含量显著高于CQ、FQ和GQ。WQ和FQ的麦角固醇含量显著高于CQ和GQ。FQ的多糖含量最高，其次是CQ。4类红曲的体外抗氧化活性测定结果显示：CQ的铁离子还原力、清除DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基清除能力均显著强于FQ、WQ和GQ，FQ的铁离子还原力强于WQ和GQ。4类红曲的主要功能活性成分和抗氧化活性的相关性分析显示，铁离子还原能力与色价之间极显著正相关（0.733 ≥ r ≥ 0.703），DPPH IC₅₀和ABTS IC₅₀与色价之间极显著负相关（−0.896 ≤ r ≤ −0.880和−0.773 ≤ r ≤ −0.758），说明在4类红曲主要功能活性成分中，色素是抗氧化活性的主要功效成分，MK、GABA、麦角固醇和多糖等功能活性成分与抗氧化活性无明显相关性。

结论 CQ的色素含量和抗氧化活性明显强于FQ、GQ、和WQ，抗氧化活性与色素极显著正相关，说明红曲中色素是抗氧化活性的主要功效成分。研究结果为红曲抗氧化资源的开发和应用提供了理论基础。

Abstract:

Objective Key functional components and in vitro antioxidant activities of 4 types of Hongqu (Monascus-rice fermentation paste) were determined for product development.

Method Color value, monacolin K (MK), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), ergosterol, and polysaccharide of Functional Qu (FQ), Coloring Qu (CQ), Wuyi Qu (WQ), and Gutian Qu (GQ) were measured by means of UV-Vis, colorimeter, and HPLC. Antioxidant activity of the Hongqu was determined by in vitro chemical assays including the ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate (ABTS) radical scavenging capacities. Correlation between the functional components and the antioxidant activities of Hongqu was analyzed using SIMCA and SPSS software.

Result The Hongqu specimens varied in the following aspects. CQ was measured significantly higher on orange, yellow, and red color value than FQ, GQ, and WQ, while GQ on orange, yellow, and red color value than FQ and WQ, and FQ on orange color value than WQ. FQ contained significantly more MK than CQ, GQ, and WQ, whereas WQ significantly more GABA than CQ, FQ, and GQ, but WQ and FQ significantly more ergosterol than CQ and GQ, and FQ had the highest content of polysaccharides, which was followed by CQ. The FRAP and DPPH and ABTS scavenging abilities of CQ were significantly higher than those of FQ, WQ, and GQ, and FQ was stronger in FRAP than WQ or GQ. The color value of Hongqu positively correlated with FRAP (0.733 ≥ r ≥ 0.703) and negatively with the scavenging 50% DPPH (−0.896 ≤ r ≤ −0.880) and ABTS (−0.773 ≤ r ≤ −0.758). It appeared that pigment was the critical antioxidant components in the Hongqu. On the other hand, neither MK, GABA, ergosterol, nor polysaccharides significant correlated with the in vitro antioxidant activity of the 4 Hongqu.

Conclusion An extremely significant correlation between the pigment and antioxidant activity were demonstrated in CQ more than the other 3 Hongqu. In the development of natural antioxidant products, Monascus pigment could be a viable potential candidate.

不同类型红曲的功能活性成分含量及体外抗氧化活性比较研究

Functional Components and In Vtro Antioxidant Activities of Different Types of Hongqu