非洲菊菌核病病原菌的分离鉴定及抑菌药剂筛选

曹奕鸯; 夏朝水; 陈昌铭; 陈玮婷; 甘玮欣; 林辉锋; 林发壮; 莫智龙

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.10.013

非洲菊菌核病病原菌的分离鉴定及抑菌药剂筛选

Pathogen Identification and Fungicide Evaluation for Sclerotinia Stem Rot of Gerbera jamesonii

摘要

摘要:
目的分离鉴定福建省非洲菊种植过程中的主要病害菌核病的病原，筛选几种有效防治药剂进行轮换使用，避免农药的滥用及延缓病菌产生抗药性。
方法采用组织分离法分离非洲菊菌核病病原菌，经病原菌株形态学、ITS分子鉴定及柯赫氏法则验证，确定致病的病原种类，并利用室内毒力测定法筛选对菌核病病原毒力高的药剂。
结果分离获得1个非洲菊菌核病菌株C4-1；形态学、ITS及柯赫氏法则验证鉴定C4-1菌株为核盘菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum；室内毒力测定结果显示，5种杀菌剂中25%咪鲜胺对核盘菌菌株C4-1的抑菌作用最强，EC₅₀值为0.0324 μg·mL⁻¹；其次为50%啶酰菌胺、40%菌核净、15%三唑醇，EC₅₀值分别为1.0337、1.8362、6.9408 μg·mL⁻¹；50%多菌灵的抑菌作用最弱，EC₅₀值为22.4349 μg·mL⁻¹。
结论分离鉴定出福建省非洲菊菌核病病原为核盘菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum，咪鲜胺、啶酰菌胺、菌核净对核盘菌毒力强，防治非洲菊菌核病过程中可轮换使用。

Abstract:
Objective The pathogen of sclerotinia stem rot, a major disease of Gerbera jamesonii cultivated in Fujian, was identified. Effective fungicides that could be alternatively applied to curtail drug resistance were evaluated.
Method The causative pathogen of sclerotinia stem rot was isolated from tissue of the diseased plant and verified by Koch’s rule as well as morphological observation and ITS sequence of the microbe. Toxicities of selected fungicides were determined in the laboratory.
Result The isolated strain, C4-1, was identified as the culprit to be Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Among the fungicides, hymexazol with an EC₅₀ of 0.032 4 μg·mL⁻¹ was most potent in inhibiting the pathogen growth. It was followed by boscalid with an EC₅₀ of 1.033 7 μg·mL⁻¹, dimetachlone with an EC₅₀ values of 1.8362 μg·mL⁻¹, triadimenol with an EC₅₀ of 6.9408 μg·mL⁻¹, and carbendazim the least effective agent with anEC₅₀ of 22.434 9 μg·mL⁻¹.
Conclusion S. sclerotiorumwas isolated and identified as the pathogen that caused the sclerotinia stem rot disease on G. jamesonii in the province. Of the fungicides evaluated, hymexazol, boscalid, and dimetachlone, could be used alternatively for the disease control to minimize drug resistance by the pathogen.

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