贵州两种乳菇的鉴定及同源性分析

易筑刚; 陈春旭; 陈华; 刘明理

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.07.005

贵州两种乳菇的鉴定及同源性分析

Identification and Homology of Two Varieties of Lactarius Found in Guizhou

摘要

摘要:
目的鉴定贵州两种松乳菇近缘乳菇，为贵州省乳菇近源种鉴定提供方法。
方法以马尾松Pinus massoniana林下生长的两种与松乳菇近似的乳菇为研究对象，使用形态学和rDNA ITS 区段核苷酸序列分析相结合的方法进行分析鉴定。
结果两种乳菇分别属于鲜艳乳菇Lactarius vividus和红汁乳菇L. hatsudake，两种乳菇在形态学和分子序列上存在一定差异；与松乳菇的同源性分别达95%和93%，在形态特征以及生物、生态学特性上具有极高相似性。
结论从形态学和分子水平上对贵州鲜艳乳菇、红汁乳菇等进行鉴定，为外生菌根类珍稀食用菌驯化以及保育促产技术的研究与推广应用提供参考依据。

Abstract:
Objective Two varieties closely related to Lactarius delicious found in the wild in Guizhou were morphologically and molecularly identified and homology analyzed.
Method Two species of Lactarius from a Pinus massoniana forest in Hejiang Village, Meitan County were examined on their morphological features under a microscope and on their phylogenetic characteristics by ITS rDNA sequence.
Result The two mushroom varieties were identified to be L. vividus and L. hatsudake. Between them, significant discrepancies in morphology and ITS phylogeny were evident. L. vividus was 95% homologous with L. deliciosus, while L. hatsudake slightly lower at 93%.
Conclusion The information provided a concrete basis for the species identification facilitating the conservation, domestication, research, and utilization of the rare and valuable Lactarius in the wild.

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