Efficacies of Nine Seed Coating Agents for Disease Control and Safety for Fresh Consumption of Maize
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摘要:目的 明确不同种衣剂对鲜食玉米主要病虫害的防效及其对玉米的安全性，为福建省玉米生产筛选合适的种衣剂。方法 选用5种杀虫剂类型种衣剂和4种杀虫剂/杀菌剂组合物类型种衣剂，在田间条件下研究供试种衣剂对玉米出苗率、保苗率、苗期草地贪夜蛾及乳熟期顶（茎）腐病、玉米产量的影响。结果 除35.00%丁硫克百威种子处理粉剂（好年冬）之外，其他8种种衣剂对玉米种子出苗率、田间保苗率无不良影响。种衣剂50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂（路明卫）5 g·kg−1和IPP1 25 g·kg−1拌种处理对玉米苗期草地贪夜蛾防治效果显著，防效分别为64.15%和59.40%；50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂/4.23%种菌唑·甲霜灵微乳剂（顶苗新）5 g·kg−1+5 g·kg−1拌种处理对顶（茎）腐病的发生有较好防治效果，病株率防效达56.07%。从玉米产量来看，50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂/35 g·L−1精甲霜灵·咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂（满适金）5 g·kg−1+2 g·kg−1、50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂/快苗5 g·kg−1+2 g·kg−1、50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂/4.23%种菌唑·甲霜灵微乳剂5 g·kg−1+5 g·kg−1处理种子能促进玉米增产，其籽粒增产率分别为5.92%、2.05%和6.24%，鲜穗增产率分别为3.17%、5.58%和3.55%。结论 50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂/4.23%种菌唑·甲霜灵微乳剂可作为福建地区鲜食玉米生产合适的种衣剂，不仅对玉米生长安全，病虫防效显著，而且能增加玉米产量。Abstract:Objective Efficacies of 9 seed coating agents in controlling the major diseases and pest infestation as well as their application safety for fresh consumption of maize were investigated.Method Nine commercially available seed coating agents (5 were insecticides, and 4 insecticide/fungicide mixtures) were applied on maize to determine their effects on the seed emergence and survival rates, the control on fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) infestation at seedling stage and top/stalk rot disease on the plants, and the crop yield in a field experimentation.Result Other than Haoniandong (a 35.00% carbosulfan WS), none of the 9 agents showed a negative effect on seed emergence or survival rate. The control efficacies of Lumingwei (a 50.00% chlorantraniliprole FS) at 5 g·kg−1 and IPP1 at 25 g·kg−1 on fall armyworm infestation on the maize at seedling stage were 64.15% and 59.40%, respectively. Dingmiaoxin (a mixture of 50.00% chlorantraniliprole FS and 4.23% ipconazole·metalaxy ME) at 5+5 g·kg−1 reduced the top/stalk rot infection rate to 56.07%. On the yield of the plants grown from the treated seeds, the application of Manshijin (a mixture of 50.00% chlorantraniliprole FS and 35g·L−1 metalaxyl-m·fludioxonil FSC) at 5+2 g·kg−1, the mixture of Lumingwei and Kuaimiao at 5+2 g·kg−1 and Dingmiaoxin at 5+5 g·kg−1 increased the grain yields by 5.92%, 2.05% and 6.24%, respectively, and the fresh ear yields by 3.17%, 5.58%, and 3.55%, respectively, over control.Conclusion Among the tested seed coating agents, Dingmiaoxin at the recommended dosage showed a significant efficacy in controlling the major diseases and pest infestation as well as improved crop yield without growth impairment on the maize. It could be applied on maize for fresh consumption cultivated in Fujian.
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Keywords:
- Maize for fresh consumption /
- seed coating agent /
- fall armyworm /
- top rot /
- top/stalk rot /
- food safety
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图 1 氯虫苯甲酰胺种衣剂（A）和 噻虫胺种衣剂（B）处理的玉米苗草地贪夜蛾幼虫各虫量的出现频率
Figure 1. Occurrence frequencies of fall armyworm larva on maize seedlings treated by seed coating agents chlorantraniliprole FS（A） and clothianidin FSC（B）
表 1 供试种衣剂
Table 1 Seed coating agents under test
处理编号
Treatment code种衣剂
Seed coating agent使用剂量
Dosage （seed）/
（g·kg−1）类型
TypeP1 480 g·L−1噻虫胺悬浮种衣剂
480 g·L−1Clothianidin FSC4.5 杀虫剂
PesticidesP2 50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂（路明卫）
50.00%Chlorantraniliprole FS5.0 杀虫剂
PesticidesP3 40.00%溴酰·噻虫嗪种子处理悬浮剂（福亮）
40.00%Bromoyl thiamethoxam FS5.0 杀虫剂
PesticidesP4 35.00%丁硫克百威种子处理粉剂（好年冬）
35.00%Carbosulfan WS6.7 杀虫剂
PesticidesP5 IPP1 25.0 杀虫剂
PesticidesPD1 50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂（路明卫）/35 g·L−1精甲霜灵·咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂
（满适金）
50.00%Chlorantraniliprole FS/35 g·L−1metalaxyl-M·fludioxonil FSC5.0+2.0 杀虫剂/杀菌剂
Pesticides/fungicidePD2 50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂（路明卫）/快苗
50.00%Chlorantraniliprole FS/kuaimiao5.0+2.0 杀虫剂/杀菌剂
Pesticides/fungicidePD3 50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂（路明卫）/70.00%甲基硫菌灵悬浮种衣剂
50.00%Chlorantraniliprole FS/70.00%thiophanate-methyl FSC5.0+2.5 杀虫剂/杀菌剂
Pesticides/fungicidePD4 50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂（路明卫）/4.23%种菌唑·甲霜灵微乳剂（顶苗新）
50.00%Chlorantraniliprole FS/ 4.23%ipconazole·metalaxyl ME5.0+5.0 杀虫剂/杀菌剂
Pesticides/fungicide
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表 2 不同种衣剂对玉米出苗率和保苗率的影响
Table 2 Effects of seed coating agents on maize seed emergence and survival rates
处理
Treatments出苗率
Emergence rate/
%保苗率
Survival rate/
%处理
Treatments出苗率
Emergence rate/
%保苗率
Survival rate/
%480 g·L−1噻虫胺悬浮种衣剂
480 g·L−1 Clothianidin FSC84.90±3.25 Aab 100.00 50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂（路明卫）/
35 g·L−1精甲霜灵·咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂（满适金）
50.00%Chlorantraniliprole FS/35 g·L−1metalaxyl-M·fludioxonil FSC78.00±2.65 Aa 99.53 50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂（路明卫）
50.00% Chlorantraniliprole FS86.98±2.38 Aa 100.00 50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂
（路明卫）/快苗
50.00%Chlorantraniliprole FS/kuaimiao79.67±5.69 Aa 99.84 40.00%溴酰·噻虫嗪种子处理悬浮剂
（福亮）
40.00% Bromoyl·thiamethoxam FS82.99±3.18 Aab 100.00 50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂（路明卫）/
70.00%甲基硫菌灵悬浮种衣剂
50.00%Chlorantraniliprole FS/70.00%thiophanate-methyl FSC83.33±1.53 Aa 99.53 35.00%丁硫克百威种子处理粉剂
（好年冬）
35.00% Carbosulfan WS81.25±3.25 Ab 100.00 50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂（路明卫）/
4.23%种菌唑·甲霜灵微乳剂（顶苗新）
50.00% Chlorantraniliprole FS/4.23%ipconazole·metalaxyl ME80.33±8.14 Aa 100.00 IPP1 86.63±3.18 Aab 100.00 空白对照 Contrast 83.00±6.08 Aa 99.84 空白对照 Contrast 88.02±1.56 Aa 100.00
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表 3 不同种衣剂对玉米苗期草地贪夜蛾的防治效果
Table 3 Effects of seed coating agents on controlling fall armyworm infestation on maize at seedling stage
处理
Treatments株受害率
Injury rate/%百株虫量/头
Amount per100 plants防效
Control effects/%虫态
Stages of pest480 g·L−1噻虫胺悬浮种衣剂
480 g·L−1 Clothianidin FSC100.00 173.67±10.07 Ab 8.44 1~3龄幼虫
1~3 instars larva50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂（路明卫）
50.00% Chlorantraniliprole FS100.00 68.00±11.79 Bd 64.15 1龄幼虫、卵块
1 instars larva、eggs40.00%溴酰·噻虫嗪种子处理悬浮剂（福亮）
40.00% Bromoyl thiamethoxam FS100.00 98.67±20.11 Bc 47.98 1-2龄幼虫、卵块
1~2 instars larva、eggs35.00%丁硫克百威种子处理粉剂（好年冬）
35.00% Carbosulfan WS100.00 210.00±12.29 Aa — 1~3龄幼虫
1-3 instars larvaIPP1 100.00 77.00±8.19 Bcd 59.40 1龄幼虫、卵块
1 instars larva、eggs空白对照 Contrast 100.00 189.67±22.12 Aab — 1~3龄幼虫 1~3 instars larva
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表 4 不同种衣剂对玉米顶腐病、茎腐病的防治效果
Table 4 Effects of seed coating agents on controlling top/stalk rot on maize plants
处理
Treatments调查株数
No. of
plant investigated病株率 Disease plant rate/% 防效
Control
effect/%8叶期/顶腐病
Eighth leaf/Top rot13叶期/
顶（茎）腐病
Thirteenth leaf/Top
（stalk） rot乳熟期/
顶（茎）腐病
Milk stage/Top
（stalk） rot50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂（路明卫）/
35 g·L−1精甲霜灵·咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂（满适金）
50.00% Chlorantraniliprole FS/35 g·L−1metalaxyl-M·fludioxonil FSC634 0.95 3.17 3.33 37.76 50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂（路明卫）/快苗
50.00% Chlorantraniliprole FS/kuaimiao634 1.11 3.79 3.79 29.16 50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂（路明卫）/
70.00%甲基硫菌灵悬浮种衣剂
50.00% Chlorantraniliprole FS/70.00% thiophanate-methyl FSC638 1.73 3.62 3.94 26.36 50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂（路明卫）/
4.23%种菌唑·甲霜灵微乳剂（顶苗新）
50.00% Chlorantraniliprole FS/4.23% ipconazole·metalaxyl ME639 0.78 2.35 2.35 56.07 空白对照 Contrast 636 1.73 5.35 5.35 —
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表 5 不同种衣剂对玉米产量的影响
Table 5 Effects of seed coating agent applications on yield of maize
处理
Treatments籽粒产量构成
Grain yield components籽粒
Grains鲜穗
Fresh ear行
Row粒/行
Grain/
row千粒重
1000-grain
weigh/g穗粒重
Spike
grain
weigh/
g增产率
Yield
increase
rate/%小区产量
plot
Yield/kg产量
Yield/
（kg·hm−2）增产率
Yield
increase
rate/%50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂（路明卫）/
35 g·L−1精甲霜灵·咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂（满适金）
50.00% Chlorantraniliprole FS/35 g·L−1
metalaxyl-M·fludioxonil FSC16 35.49±0.88 Aa 454.00±14.79 Aa 257.64 5.92 54.40±1.22 Aab 15111.87 3.17 50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂（路明卫）/快苗
50.00% Chlorantraniliprole FS/kuaimiao16 35.05±0.83 Aa 435.00±9.42 Aa 248.22 2.05 55.67±1.94 Aa 15464.66 5.58 50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂（路明卫）/
70.00%甲基硫菌灵悬浮种衣剂
50.00% Chlorantraniliprole FS/70.00% thiophanate-methyl FSC16 35.05±0.80 Aa 426.00±18.28 Aa 242.63 −0.25 53.20±0.69 Aab 14778.52 0.89 50.00%氯虫苯甲酰胺种子处理悬浮剂（路明卫）/
4.23%种菌唑·甲霜灵微乳剂（顶苗新）
50.00% Chlorantraniliprole FS/4.23% ipconazole·metalaxyl ME16 35.61±0.95 Aa 455.00±42.60 Aa 258.43 6.24 54.60±0.87 Aab 15167.43 3.55 空白对照 Contrast 16 35.78±0.80 Aa 430.00±54.23 Aa 243.24 — 52.73±1.30 Ab 14647.95 —
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