抗病高产花生新品种桂花202的选育

刘菁; 熊发前; 蒋菁; 唐秀梅; 黄志鹏; 吴海宁; 钟瑞春; 韩柱强; 唐荣华; 刘俊仙; 高忠奎; 贺梁琼

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.05.005

抗病高产花生新品种桂花202的选育

Breeding A New Disease-resistant, High-yield Peanut Variety, Guihua 202

摘要

摘要:
目的针对广西市场对花生优良新品种的迫切需求，选育抗病高产的珍珠豆型花生新品种。
方法以高产抗病的花生中间材料（粤油45×桂花17）F₄作为母本，与高产抗病的广东花生品种汕油188为父本进行复合杂交，经过F₁～F₉代连续多年筛选，于2014–2017年进行品比试验并参加广西花生新品种联合试验，选育出桂花202。
结果桂花202在2014–2015年品比试验中，荚果平均产量4 039.07 kg·hm⁻²，比对照品种桂花21增产6.69%，初步显示了该品种的高产水平和增产潜力。在2016–2017年广西花生新品种联合试验中，荚果和籽仁平均产量分别为4 281.30 kg·hm⁻²和2 746.73 kg·hm⁻²，分别比对照品种桂花21增产208.875 kg·hm⁻²和减产120.225 kg·hm⁻²，增产率分别为5.13%和－4.19%，增产显著、减产不显著。桂花202的粗脂肪含量50.64%，油酸占比45.1%、亚油酸占比33.6%，油亚比1.34，蛋白质含量27%。桂花202属直立珍珠豆型品种，植株紧凑直立，生长势强，主茎高45.9 cm，分枝长52 cm，总分枝数7.9条，单株结果数15.4个，公斤果数590个，百果重207.2 g，百仁重77.7 g，出仁率64%。于2020年9月30日通过国家非主要农作物品种登记GPD花生（2020）450098。
结论桂花202综合性状较好，具有抗病、高产、大果等优点，适宜在广西各地推广种植。该品种对水肥要求高，高肥水条件有利于其发挥高产潜力。

Abstract:
Objective A new disease-resistant, high-yield peanut variety was bred to meet the urgent demand of the industry in Guangxi province.
Method After years of directional selection from F₁ to F₉ using the F₄of Yueyou 45×Guihua 17 as female parent and Guangdong Shanyou 188 as male parent for the crossing, Guihua 202 was obtained and submitted to the Joint Test on New Peanut Varieties in Guangxi from 2014 to 2017.
Result At the 2014 to 2015 field trials, Guihua 202 displayed an average pod yield of 4 039.07 kg·hm⁻², which was 6.69% higher than that of the reference Guihua 21, showing an initial indication of yield improvement. In the subsequent 2016 to 2017 trials, it delivered the average pod and peanut yield of 4 281.30 kg·hm⁻² and 2 746.73 kg·hm⁻², respectively, representing a significant increase on pod yield of 208.875 kg·hm⁻² or 5.13% and a not significant decrease on peanut yield of 120.225 kg·hm⁻² or − 4.19% over Guihua 21. Guihua 202 peanuts had an average of 50.64% on crude fat that included 45.1% of oleic acid and 33.6% of linoleic acid with an oleic/linoleic acid ratio of 1.34, and that of 27% on protein. The new variety grew vigorously with a compact plant type characterized by 45.9 cm main stem height, 52 cm branch length, 7.9 branches, 15.4 pods per plant, 590 pods per kg, 207.2 g on 100-pod weight, 77.7 g on 100-seed weight, and 64% on kernel rate. This disease-resistant and high-yield new peanut variety has passed the national non-major crop variety registration in September 2020.
Conclusion Guihua 202 exhibited desirable qualities and was considered appropriate for cultivation in Guangxi. However, it required ample water supply and fertilization to fully deliver its high yield potential.

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