Mechanisms Involving Inhibition of Narcissus Flower Bud Differentiation by Low Temperature
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摘要:目的 探讨15 ℃低温抑制中国水仙（Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis）花芽分化的生理机制，为中国水仙花期调控提供理论依据。方法 选用中国水仙‘金盏银台’三年生鳞茎球为材料，以15 ℃低温进行处理，常温贮藏为对照，测定水仙在2种贮藏温度下鳞片的保护酶活性、可溶性蛋白以及糖类物质的含量变化。结果 整个观测期间常温组水仙鳞片中超氧阴离子（O2·−）含量和过氧化氢（H2O2）含量均呈升-降-升的变化趋势，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性在花芽分化过程中始终维持较高水平，过氧化物酶（POD）活性则处于低水平，过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性在花芽分化后期显著上升，蔗糖和淀粉含量在花原基分化期迅速下降，同期α-淀粉酶和可溶性糖保持较高水平。15 ℃低温处理后鳞片中O2·−和H2O2含量均高于同时期常温组；SOD活性变化趋势与常温组类似；在与常温组雄蕊原基分化期对应的时间段，15 ℃低温处理组的POD活性和CAT活性显著增强；各时期鳞片中可溶性糖、蔗糖、淀粉含量及α-淀粉酶活性都低于常温组。结论 可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量在花芽分化过程中起重要作用，低温15 ℃处理后大大影响了糖类物质的积累，进而影响花芽分化，这种影响在花原基分化时期变化最为剧烈。Abstract:Objective Physiology and biochemistry associated with the flower bud differentiation of Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis suppressed by low temperature were studied.Method Three-year-old Chinese narcissus bulbs were stored under 15 ℃ or room temperature to compare the differences on the protective enzyme activity and soluble protein and carbohydrate contents in the scales.Results Under room temperature, the contents of superoxide anion (O2·−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the scales rose initially followed by a decline and another rise; the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) remained high, peroxidase (POD) low, and catalase (CAT) ascended significantly in late stage; and, during the floret primordium developmental stage, the contents of sucrose and starch in scale declined, while α-amylase and soluble sugar stayed high. In contrast to room temperature, at 15 ℃ the O2·− and H2O2 in the scales increased but the SOD activity was not affected, while the POD and CAT activities in the stamen primordium significantly increased and the contents of soluble sugar, sucrose, and starch as well as the activity of α-amylase lowered at different sampling points.Conclusion The accumulation of carbohydrates, such as soluble sugars and starch, in narcissus scales was greatly affected by the low storage temperature at 15 ℃. It was crucial for the Chinese narcissus flower bud differentiation, particularly during the development of floret primordium.
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图 1 低温处理对中国水仙活性氧含量的影响
注：不同小写字母表示差异显著（P＜0.05）。下同
Figure 1. Contents of reactive oxygens in Chinese narcissus affected by low temperature treatment
Note: Significant differences in differentlowercase letters（p＜0.05）. Same for the following.
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图 2 低温处理对中国水仙保护酶活性的影响
Figure 2. Activities of protective enzymes in Chinese narcissus affected by low temperature treatment
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图 3 低温处理对中国水仙渗透调节物质含量的影响
Figure 3. Content of osmosis-related substances in Chinese narcissus affected by low temperature treatment
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图 4 低温处理对中国水仙淀粉代谢途径的影响
Figure 4. Starch metabolism pathway in Chinese narcissus affected by low temperature treatment
表 1 水仙取样时期及其阶段性形态特征
Table 1 Morphological characteristics of Chinese narcissus bulb at various sampling time
阶段标记
Stage markers常温贮藏条件下主芽形态
Main bud morphology under
room temperature storage15℃处理下主芽形态
15℃ treatment of the
main bud morphologyA 未分化1 Undifferentiation phase 1 叶芽 Leaf bud B 未分化2 Undifferentiation phase 2 叶芽 Leaf bud C 花序原基 Inforescence primordium 叶芽 Leaf bud D 花原基 Flower primordium 叶芽 Leaf bud E 雄蕊原基 Stamen primordium 叶芽 Leaf bud F 雌蕊原基 Pistil primordium 叶芽 Leaf bud G 花器官分化完成 Flower organ differentiation completed 叶芽 Leaf bud 
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