优质超甜玉米新品种闽双色4号的选育

廖长见; 张扬; 陈伟; 林建新; 滕振勇; 陈山虎; 林静; 卢和顶

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.04.002

摘要:

目的选育品质优、产量高、抗倒性强、抗病性较强、适应性广的超甜玉米新品种。

方法 2013年，应用“温带种质×热带种质”的甜玉米杂种优势模式，利用福建省农业科学院作物研究所最新育成的热带种质黄色超甜玉米自交系闽甜系G73与温带种质白色超甜玉米自交系闽甜系AS67测交配组，培育黄白粒超甜玉米新品种闽双色4号。2017年分析了闽甜系G73和闽甜系AS67两个自交系的配合力情况，2016–2017年闽双色4号参加秋季国家东南区鲜食玉米科企联合体区试。

结果配合力测定结果：闽甜系AS67的穗重一般配合力效应值最高，闽甜系G73的穗重一般配合力效应值中等，而闽甜系AS67×闽甜系G73的穗重特殊配合力效应值高。秋季国家东南区鲜食玉米科企联合体区试结果：产量方面，闽双色4号在2016–2017年区试中，2年平均鲜穗产量11 691.0 kg·hm⁻²，比对照品种粤甜16号增产4.3%，增产点率77.5%。抗逆性方面，在室内接菌试验和田间自然诱发鉴定试验中，表现抗茎腐病、中抗纹枯病，并具有较强的抗倒性。品质方面，经专家鉴定，2年区试平均，综合评分达90.2分，显著优于对照品种粤甜16号（85.0分），并达到国家颁布的优质甜玉米品种标准（专家品尝分≥90.0分）；经扬州大学农学院理化品质检测，闽双色4号2年平均皮渣率10.2%、可溶性总糖含量20.2%、还原糖含量8.3%，优于对照品种粤甜16号的理化品质。2018年9月通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定（国审玉20180363）。

结论 “温带种质×热带种质”的杂种优势模式可应用于甜玉米新品种选育；闽双色4号很好地协调了品质与产量、抗性的关系，具有品质优、产量较高、抗倒性强、抗病性较强等优点，满足了生产上对优质高产新品种的需求，适宜在我国东南部鲜食玉米栽培区种植。

Abstract:

Objective A new sweet corn variety with high quality, yield, adaptability, and resistance to lodging and diseases was bred.

Method The heterosis mode of “temperate germplasm × tropical germplasm” for crossing was applied to breed a super-sweet corn variety that would acquire the highly desirable traits of the parents. In 2013, the yellow super-sweet tropical corn, Mintianxi G73, bred by the Crop Research Institute of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences was crossed with the temperate inbred line of white super-sweet variety, Mintianxi AS67, to result in Minshuangse No. 4. The new variety was submitted to the National Southeast Regional Trials on Fresh Corn by Science and Enterprise Consortium in the autumn session from 2016 to 2017. The combining abilities of Mintianxi G73 and Mintianxi AS67 were appraised in 2017, and the resulting yellow and white super-sweet corn hybrid was subsequently certified by the National Crop Variety Approval Committee in September 2018.

Result On ear weight, Mintianxi AS67 exhibited the greatest general combining ability (GCA) and Mintianxi G73 moderate, while Mintianxi AS67 × Mintianxi G73 high on special combining ability (SCA). It indicated that the heterosis mode for hybridization was applicable for the intended purpose. In the 2-year national regional test, Mishuangse No. 4 displayed a 11 691.0 kg·hm⁻² average yield on fresh ears, which was 4.3% higher than reference Yuetian No. 16, with 77.5% sampling points showing a yield increase. In the field tests, the hybrid displayed resistance to stem rot, moderate resistance to sheath blight, and strong resistance to lodging. It also scored 90.2 on comprehensive appearance and quality evaluaion, which exceeded the national high-grade standard for sweet corns and was significantly better than 85.0 did by Yuetian No. 16. The physiochemical analysis conducted on Minshuangse No. 4 by the College of Agriculture at Yangzhou University showed the 2-year averages on kernel residue at 10.2%, total soluble sugars at 20.2%, and reducing sugars at 8.3%. They were all superior to Yuetian No. 16.

Conclusion Following the heterosis mode of “temperate germplasm × tropical germplasm” the resulting hybrid Minshuangse No. 4 upgraded the quality, yield, and resistance of the sweet corn. The variety was considered suitable for cultivation in southeast China.

优质超甜玉米新品种闽双色4号的选育

Breeding High-quality Super-sweet Corn, Minshuangse No.4