Breeding and Genetic Diversity of Indica Rice, Quanzhen 12
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摘要:目的 选育优质常规早稻新品种供推广种植，促进常规早稻品种更新换代，并研究新育成品种泉珍12号与其双亲的遗传相似性及多态性差异。方法 以佳辐占为母本、榕籼1号为父本进行杂交，经系谱选育成的泉珍12号，于2017—2018年参加福建省早稻区域试验，2018年同步进行生产试验。以48对SSR引物对泉珍12号及其亲本的基因组DNA进行SSR分析，研究泉珍12号及其双亲的遗传相似性及多态性差异。结果 2年区域试验，泉珍12号平均产量为7 557.6 kg·hm−2，比对照杂优品种T78优2155增产1.82%；生产试验平均产量为6 694.05 kg·hm−2，比T78优2155减产6.83%；米质达部颁二等优质食用稻品种标准。2019年通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定（闽审稻20190002）。多态性分析结果表明，泉珍12号与母本佳辐占共显性条带为20条，遗传相似系数为0.625；与父本榕籼1号共显性条带为12条，遗传相似系数为0.375。结论 育成的优质早稻新品种泉珍12号米质好，株高较矮，适宜在福建省早季种植。泉珍12号在形态特征及亲缘关系上更倾向于母本佳辐占。Abstract:Objective An early season indica rice with excellent grain quality was bred through sexual hybridization between pedigrees and planted in regional trials for performance determination. Its genetic diversity and polymorphism were compared with the parents’.Method Hybridization of the new rice was carried out using Jiafuzhan as the female parent and Rongxian 1 as the male parent. The resulting cultivar was submitted to the regional trials in Fujian for new early rice varieties evaluation in 2017–2018 and simultaneously tested for production in 2018. Genetic diversity of the new cultivar and its parents based on the 48 pairs of identified SSR markers distributed in the 12 chromosomes of rice were compared.Result In the provincial 2017–2018 regional trial, the newly bred Quanzhen 12 delivered an average yield of 7 557.6 kg·hm−2, i.e., 1.82% higher than that of the reference, T78you 2155. However, its production yield in 2018 trial was 6.83% lower at 6 694.05 kg·hm−2. The grain quality of Quanzhen 12 was judged to be Grade 2 for edible rice according to the standard set forth by the Ministry of Agriculture. The variety was approved and released by Fujian Province Committee of Crop Variety Identification. The SSR makers showed the genetic similarity between Quanzhen 12 and Jiafuzhan to be 0.625, and between Quanzhen 12 and Rongxian 1 to be 0.375.Conclusion A new high-quality, short Quanzhen 12 was successfully bred. From the performances at the trials, it was considered suitable for early season planting in the province. Quanzhen 12 and Jiafuzhan appeared to have a close phylogenetic relationship.
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Keywords:
- High-quality rice /
- Quanzhen 12 /
- breeding /
- genetic analysis
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图 2 RM253对泉珍12号及其亲本的多态性检测
注：1为泉珍12号，2为榕籼1号，3为佳辐占，M为100 bp DNA Ladder Maker。
Figure 2. SSR marker-based polymorphisms of Quanzhen 12 and parents
Note: 1: Quanzhen 12; 2: Rongxian 1; 3: Jiafuzhan; M: 100 bp DNA ladder maker.
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图 3 泉珍12号及其亲本聚类图
Figure 3. SSR marker-based dendrogram trees of Quanzhen 12 and parents
表 1 泉珍12号在福建省早稻区试中的农艺性状表现
Table 1 Agronomic characteristics of Quanzhen 12 exhibited at Regional Trials on Early Rice Varieties in Fujian
品种名称
Name of
varieties年份
Year试验类型
Type of
test生育期
Growth
period/d株高
Plant
height/
cm穗长
Ear
length/cm有效穗
Effective
panicle no./
×104穗·hm−2成穗率
Percentage of
earbearing tiller/%总粒数
Spikelets per
panicle着粒密度
Spikelet d
ensity/
No·cm−1结实率
Seed setting
rate/%千粒重
1000 grain
weight/g泉珍12号
Quanzhen 122017 区试
Regional trial126.40 106.90 22.60 282.00 67.10 149.10 6.60 86.33 26.50 2018 126.00 108.70 23.10 241.50 70.16 160.90 6.97 83.28 26.20 平均
Average126.20 107.80 22.85 261.75 68.63 155.00 6.79 84.81 26.35 T78优2155
T78 you 2155（CK）2017 区试
Regional trial129.40 106.90 23.10 288.00 62.90 136.20 5.90 84.74 26.20 2018 127.40 117.50 24.70 256.50 65.91 158.80 6.43 82.19 26.20 平均
Average128.40 112.20 23.90 272.25 64.26 147.50 6.17 83.47 26.20 泉珍12号
Quanzhen 122018 生产试验
Production test125.10 113.13 24.40 253.05 165.43 6.78 83.88 25.83 T78优2155
T78 you 2155（CK）128.10 123.21 24.96 259.65 159.12 6.37 87.31 26.43 
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表 2 泉珍12号在福建省早稻区域试验中的产量
Table 2 Yield performance of Quanzhen 12 at Regional Trials on Early Rice Varieties in Fujian
年份
Year产量幅度
Range of yield/
（kg·hm−2）平均产量
Average yield/
（kg·hm−2）比CK增产
Compared with CK/
（kg·hm−2）比CK增产率
Ratio compared
with CK/%试验点数
Number of test
points参试品种数
Number of varieties
tested2017 6213.00～9600.00 7659.15 120.00 1.59 10 11 2018 5286.00～8838.00 7456.50 149.55 2.05 9 11 平均 Average 7557.83 134.78 1.82
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表 3 泉珍12号在福建省早稻生产试验中的产量
Table 3 Yield performance of Quanzhen 12 at Production Trials on Early Rice Varieties in Fujian
试验点
Location产量
Yield/
（kg·hm−2）比CK增产
Compared with CK/
（kg·hm−2）比CK增产率
Ratio compared
with CK/%福州市 Fuzhou 5284.50 6.00 0.10 石狮市 Shishi 4696.50 −3687.00 −43.98 龙海市 Longhai 7413.00 246.00 3.43 上杭县 Shanghang 7494.00 307.50 4.29 沙县 Shaxian 8070.00 100.50 1.27 建阳区 Jianyang 8031.00 −256.50 −3.10 福安市 Fu’an 5869.50 −150 −2.48 平均 Average 6694.05 −490.50 −6.83
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表 4 3个品种的农艺性状及产量相关性状比较
Table 4 Agronomic characteristics and yield traits of 3 rice varieties
品种
Varieties生育期
Growth
period/d株高
Plant height/
cm有效穗
Effective
panicle no/
（×104穗·hm−2）成穗率
Percentage of
earbearing
tiller/
%每穗
总粒数
Spikelets
per panicle着粒密度
Spikelet
density/
（No·cm−1）结实率
Seed
setting
rate/%千粒重
1000
grain
weight/g产量
Yield/
（kg·hm−2）比对照
增产率
Ratio
compared
with CK/
%泉珍12号
Quanzhen 12123.00 106.90 cC 375.00 aA 85.60 170.50 aA 6.70 aA 90.20 aA 26.80 bB 7536.00 bB −2.77 佳辐占
Jiafuzhan125.00 112.20 bB 271.50 cC 88.40 110.20 cC 5.00 cC 89.70 aA 29.70 aA 7360.50 cC −5.03 榕籼1号
Rongxian 1123.00 104.30 dC 364.50 aA 82.70 167.10 aA 6.50 aA 82.40 bA 25.50 cB 7497.00 bBC −3.27 T78优2155
T78you 2155（CK）127.00 116.30 aA 324.00 bB 90.10 152.40 bB 5.80 bB 85.70 abA 26.00 bcB 77 0.50 aA 注：同列数据后无相同小写字母表示不同品种间在0.05水平差异显著，无相同大写字母表示不同品种间在0.01水平差异极显著。
Note: Date with different lowercase on same column indicate significant differences at 0.05 level, and different capital letters on same column indicate significant differences at 0.01 level.
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