百香果果皮精油提取及香气成分分析

李程勋; 李爱萍; 徐晓俞; 郑开斌

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.04.018

百香果果皮精油提取及香气成分分析

Extraction and Aromatics of Essential Oil from Passion Fruit Peels

摘要

摘要:
目的提取百香果果皮精油，检测鉴定其香气成分，探讨百香果果皮精油的开发应用前景。
方法通过水蒸气蒸馏法对百香果果皮精油成分进行提取，利用固相微萃取技术对样品进行采集，气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）法和计算机谱库对样品成分进行分离分析，结合人工谱图解析对百香果果皮精油成分进行鉴定。
结果共检测出263种化学成分，通过面积归一化法确定了各化学成分的百分比含量，进一步归类得出：烃类相对含量为31.05%，酯类30.46%，酸类20.88%，醇类7.46%，醛类3.76%，酮类1.54%。百香果果皮精油中含有大量香气成分物质，包括己酸己酯、己酸叶醇酯、丁酸辛酯、丁酸叶醇酯、月桂酸乙酯、香茅醇、薄荷醇等。
结论对精油成分进行分析，得出了百香果果皮精油香气成分丰富，不仅具有苹果、梨、橙子、甜瓜、柠檬、桃子、樱桃、柑橘、椰子等多种水果的香气成分，还具有多种草香、花香、坚果香、酒香和药香等香气成分，可以将百香果果皮精油制成香料，应用于食品、保健食品、化妆品中。

Abstract:
Objective Essential oil was extracted from peels of passion fruits, and its aromatic compounds determined for potential applications.
Method The essential oil was obtained using a steam extraction, and the volatiles collected by the solid phase micro extraction and analyzed by GC-MS with the aid of NIST/WILEY followed by verification with reference database.
Result A total of 263 chemicals were detected that consisted of alkanes (31.05%), esters (30.46%), acids (20.88%), alcohols (7.46%), aldehydes (3.76%), and ketones (1.54%). The aromatics were hexyl caproate, hexanol hexanoate, octyl butyrate, geranyl butyrate, dodecanoic acid-ethyl ester, citronellol, menthol, etc.
Conclusion In addition to the aromas of apple, pear, orange, melon, lemon, peach, cherry, citrus, and coconut, a variety of flavoring elements in grass, flower, nut, wine, and medicine were also existed in the essential oil. It appeared that the passion fruit peels could be utilized as raw material for making spices, food ingredients, health food, and/or cosmetics.

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