山药块茎生长期5种内源激素含量变化对块茎膨大的影响

敖兰吉亚; 季祥; 邵盈; 王志敏; 赵令敏; 张艳芳; 霍秀文

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.03.005

山药块茎生长期5种内源激素含量变化对块茎膨大的影响

Correlation Between Endogenous Hormones and Tuber Growth of Dioscorea opposite Thunb.

摘要

摘要:
目的探讨山药不同生长发育阶段主要内源激素含量的变化规律，以及不同山药品种形态指标与5种内源激素的相关性，为进一步研究山药生长发育的生理机制和指导山药的高产优质栽培奠定基础。
方法以毕克齐山药和河北安平白山药7个不同生长发育时期块茎为材料，采用酶联免疫吸附法分别测定了脱落酸（ABA）、赤霉素（GA₃）、生长素（IAA）、茉莉酸（JA）、玉米素（ZR）等5种内源激素含量，并分析不同生长期内源激素含量的动态变化，以及山药形态指标与内源激素的相关性。
结果在两个山药品种块茎膨大的生长发育过程中，内源激素IAA和ABA含量总体呈逐渐上升的趋势；内源激素ZR和GA₃含量有变化，但比较稳定；内源激素JA含量，两个品种均呈下降趋势，尤其是河北安平白山药的JA含量与形态指标呈极显著的负相关，说明JA明显抑制了河北安平白山药块茎的周长增加、重量增加及伸长生长；内源激素IAA和JA在不同生长期的含量水平高低，两个品种表现出不同的变化趋势。
结论内源激素ABA、GA₃、IAA可促进2个山药品种块茎生长发育，其中ABA、IAA对毕克齐山药块茎伸长的促进作用更显著；而内源激素ZR、JA可促进河北安平白山药的块茎形成及初期块茎周长的增加。

Abstract:
Objective Physiology relating to the hormones of two varieties of Dioscorea opposite was studied for cultivation improvement.
Method The endogenous ABA, GA₃, IAA, JA, and ZR in slim-type Inner Mongolia Bikeqi yam and short-type Hebeianpingbai yam were determined by using ELISA at 7 tuber development stages. The dynamic changes of the hormones were correlated with the morphological indicators of the tuber growth.
Result For both varieties, IAA and ABA increased gradually but not significantly during the tuber development. ZR and GA₃ did not change significantly. And, JA declined showing retarded extensions on tuber diameter, weight and length in Hebeianpingbai yam.
Conclusion ABA, GA₃ and IAA promoted the tuber development on both varieties; ABA and IAA enhanced the tuber elongation on Inner Mongolia Bikeqi; while ZR and JA stimulated the tuber formation and diameter increase on Hebeianpingbai yam at the beginning stage.

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