氮肥用量对苦荞内源激素、产量和品质的影响

罗庆华; 李振宙; 林俊清; 王炎; 周良; 黄小燕; 黄凯丰; 陈庆富

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.03.003

氮肥用量对苦荞内源激素、产量和品质的影响

贵州师范大学荞麦产业技术研究中心, 贵州贵阳 550001

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 31560358

贵州省科技支撑计划项目黔科合支撑[2018]2297号

贵州省科技支撑计划项目 [2019]2297号

贵州省教育厅创新群体重大研究项目黔教合KY字[2017]033

贵州省教育厅创新群体重大研究项目黔教合KY字[2018]015

详细信息

作者简介:
罗庆华(1960-), 女, 高级实验师, 主要从事荞麦栽培生理研究(E-mail:1248224124@qq.com)

通讯作者:
黄小燕(1967-), 女, 教授, 硕士生导师, 主要从事荞麦栽培生理研究(E-mail:huangxy666@126.com)

黄凯丰(1979-), 男, 博士, 教授, 硕士生导师, 主要从事荞麦栽培生理研究(E-mail:hkf1979@163.com)

中图分类号: S517
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-11-19
- 修回日期: 2019-02-09
- 刊出日期: 2019-03-27

Effects of Nitrogen Application Level on Endogenous Hormones, Yield and Quality of Tartary Buckwheat

Technology Research Center of Buckwheat Industry, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China

摘要

摘要:
目的明确氮肥用量与苦荞内源激素、产量和品质的关系。
方法以苦荞品种黔苦6号为试验材料，设置不施氮（CK）、低氮（LN，施氮量50 kg·hm^-2）、中氮（MN，施氮量100 kg·hm^-2）、高氮（HN，施氮量150 kg·hm^-2）处理，研究其对苦荞根际土壤、根系形态、叶片内源激素及产量和品质的影响。
结果苦荞根际土壤中的碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量随氮肥用量的增加表现为先增加后降低；苦荞根系长度、根系表面积、根系体积随施氮量的增加表现为先增加后降低，以MN处理最大，CK处理最小，氮肥对苦荞根系平均直径影响不大；苦荞叶片中的1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸（ACC）、生长素（IAA）、玉米素（Z）+玉米素核苷（ZR）和多胺含量随氮肥用量的增加表现为先增加后降低，脱落酸（ABA）含量则表现为先降低后增加；苦荞的株高、主茎分枝数、单株粒数、单株粒重、千粒重和产量均随施氮量的增加表现为先增加后降低，氮肥对苦荞主茎节数影响不大；苦荞籽粒中的蛋白质、总膳食纤维、芦丁、槲皮素和山奈酚含量随施氮量的增加表现为先增加后降低，黄酮含量以CK处理最高、HN处理最低。
结论苦荞的适宜氮肥用量为100 kg·hm^-2，氮肥过量或不足，均会导致最终产量和品质的下降。
- 苦荞 /
- 氮肥 /
- 内源激素 /
- 产量 /
- 品质
Abstract:
Objective Effects of varied levels of nitrogen fertilization on the endogenous hormones, yield and quality of tartary buckwheat were studied.
Method The tarary buckwheat variety of Qianku 6 (QK6) plants were treated with different nitrogen applications (i.e., CK of blank control, LN at 50 kg·hm^-2, LN at 100 kg·hm^-2, and HN at 150 kg·hm^-2). Conditions of the rhizosphere soil as well as the root morphology, endogenous hormones in leaves, and grain yield and quality of the buckwheat plants were monitored for analysis.
Result Increased nitrogen raised the contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the rhizosphere soil initially and followed by a decline. The length, surface area and volume of the roots showed a similar trend that peaked under MN and minimalized under CK. But little effect was observed on root diameter. ACC, IAA, Z+ZR and polyamine had the same trend of increasing and declining, but ABA the opposite. The plant height, main stem count, grain weight and count per plant, 1000-grain weight and grain yield of QK6 also increased initially and decreased later, but no significant effect on the number of main stem nodes. Again, the contents of protein, total dietary fiber, rutin, quercetin and kaempferol of the plants increased at first and then decreased with increasing nitrogen. The highest content of flavonoids was found in the grains of the plants treated under CK and the lowest in those under HN.
Conclusion The nitrogen application at a rate of 100 kg·hm^-2 appeared appropriate for QK6 cultivation rendering a maximized fertilization benefit. Excessive or insufficient application on nitrogen would lead to a reduction on the grain yield and quality of buckwheat plants.
- tartary buckwheat /
- nitrogen /
- endogenous hormones /
- yield /
- quality

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表 1 氮肥用量对苦荞根际土壤养分和有机质含量的影响

Table 1 Effect of nitrogen application levels on nutrients in rhizosphere soil

处理 Treatment	碱解氮 Available nitrogen /(mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available phosphorus /(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium /(mg·kg^-1)	有机质 Organic matter /(g·kg^-1)
CK	5.61 ±0.29d	21.53±1.23d	112.72±1.57b	31.37±1.00a
LN	22.38 ±1.02c	68.80±2.42c	142.30±1.32a	31.26±1.27a
MN	86.52 ±3.23a	117.21±3.27a	144.20±2.02a	32.18±1.11a
HN	71.44 ±1.05b	88.31±1.39b	118.89±1.12b	28.10±1.16b
注:同列数字后不同字母表示显著差异(P < 0.05)，表 2~5同。 Note: Different lowercase letters behind the number in the same column indicated significant differences (P < 0.05).The same as Table 2-5.

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表 2 氮肥用量对苦荞根系形态的影响

Table 2 Effect of nitrogen application levels on root morphology of buckwheat plants

处理 Treatment	长度 Length/cm	表面积 Surface area/cm²	体积 Bulk/cm³	平均直径 Average diameter/mm
CK	41.27±0.68d	7.08±0.01d	0.23±0.02d	0.526±0.005a
LN	56.70±0.36b	11.14±0.10b	0.50±0.01b	0.533±0.003a
MN	73.62±0.20a	19.38±0.02a	0.71±0.01a	0.542±0.006a
HN	48.03±0.21c	8.22±0.011c	0.36±0.03c	0.532±0.009a

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表 3 氮肥用量对苦荞叶片内源激素含量的影响

Table 3 Effect of nitrogen application levels on endogenous hormones content in buckwheat plants

处理 Treatment	脱落酸 ABA/(pmol·g^-1)	生长素 IAA/(pmol·g^-1)	玉米素+玉米素核苷 Z+ZR/(pmol·g^-1)	1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸 ACC/(nmol·g^-1)	多胺 Polyamine/ (nmol·g^-1)
CK	7.14±0.08a	68.2±0.12c	21.6±0.03c	1.18±0.01d	1320.6±10.08c
LN	3.81±0.12c	73.6±0.18b	25.1±0.07b	1.66±0.02b	1427.3±11.27b
MN	2.30±0.07d	80.1±0.09a	33.3±0.13a	1.94±0.10a	1522.0±9.25a
HN	5.16±0.11b	59.4±0.07d	32.8±0.21a	1.36±0.07c	1368.1±10.29c

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表 4 氮肥用量对苦荞生长及产量的影响

Table 4 Effects of nitrogen application levels on agronomic traits and yield of buckwheat

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height /cm	主茎节数 Stem nodes	主茎分枝数 Stem branches	单株粒数 Grain number per plant	单株粒重 Grain weight per plant/g	千粒重 Thousand seed weight/g	产量 Yield /(kg·hm^-2)
CK	46.8±2.13c	13.1±0.12a	5.6±0.01b	122.6±7.23d	3.08±0.26c	18.02±0.13d	512.8±10.02d
LN	71.0±3.22b	13.6±0.27a	5.9±0.01b	190.8±6.51c	3.97±0.31b	21.25±0.27c	1138.6±11.34b
MN	82.7±3.38a	14.0±0.16a	7.3±0.08a	286.2±6.92a	4.86±0.67a	28.92±0.36a	1527.3±12.39a
HN	44.3±2.16c	13.3±0.18a	4.2±0.04c	227.0±7.18b	3.88±0.18b	24.69±0.24b	922.5±10.84c

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表 5 氮肥用量对苦荞品质的影响

Table 5 Effect of nitrogen application levels on quality of buckwheat

处理 Treatment	蛋白质 Protein /%	总膳食纤维 TDF /%	黄酮 Flavonoid /%	芦丁 Rutin /(10²mg·mL^-1)	槲皮素 Quercitrin /(10²mg·mL^-1)	山奈酚 Kaempferol /(mg·mL^-1)
CK	15.28±1.02c	12.49±1.17c	1.83±0.26a	0.42±0.05c	0.80±0.06b	0.14±0.01d
LN	19.06±1.37b	13.08±1.23c	1.59±0.31c	0.60±0.06a	0.98±0.02a	0.30±0.01b
MN	25.70±1.08a	20.84±1.19a	1.71±0.25b	0.59±0.02a	0.96±0.08a	0.39±0.06a
HN	24.35±1.29a	17.90±1.38b	1.27±0.26d	0.51±0.07b	0.77±0.05b	0.21±0.04c

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