Abstract: Effects of soil type on the physiological characteristics, yield, and quality of cucumbers were studied. Saline-alkali, black, and meadow chernozem soils were used for the comparison. The results showed that the contents of nitrate, chlorophyll, and sucrose in the cucumber leaves, the activity of nitrate reductase, CAT, and SOD, as well as the yield and quality of cucumbers increased when they were gorwn on the black or meadow chernozem soil, as compared to the saline-alkali soil. Thus, the black and meadow chernozem soils would be more desirable than the saline-alkali counterpart for the cultivation of cucumbers with high yields.