Comparative Analysis of Saponin Contents in Different Parts of Bitter Gourds of Twenty-nine Varieties

For reference on breeding and utilization,the saponin contents in the fruits, roots, and stems of 29 different varieties of bitter gourds (Momordica charantia) were analyzed. Significant differences were found among the various bitter gourds. Germplasms with high saponin contents were identified. On average, the saponin contents in the roots and stems were either close to or higher than that in the fruits. Therefore, the roots and stems would be preferred for saponin extraction.Among the tested varieties, the highest saponin contents in roots and stems were found in Small Bitter Gourd No. 2, and that in fruits of Ruyu No. 45. Since the saponin content in fruits of bitter gourd is heterotic, desired varieties could be bred from selected parents with high saponin contents. Based on the dynamic change of the saponin contents in fruits during growth period, it was also recommended that the fruits be harvested approximately 13 d after pollination for saponin extraction or other processing purposes.