2019 Vol. 34, No. 10
Display Method:
2019, 34(10): 1117-1123.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.001
Abstract:
Objective A feeding experiment was conducted in order to study the effects of feeding Schizochytrium on the resistance of fish to bacterial infection. Methods Six-month adult zebrafishes were fed with diety added 3% Schizochytrium(Group S) for 28 days in a laboratory culture system, and the control with only basic diety(Group C). Then Vibrio vulnificus FJ03-X2 was applied for infection, and the relative survival percent of zebrafishes were analyzed. And RNA was extracted from the kidney tissues and reverse transcribed into cDNA to detect the experison of lysozyme and tnfb. Results The survival rate of Group S was significantly increased with immune protective rate reaching 42.8%. The mRNA level of Lysozyme in the kidney of zebrafish in Group S was significantly higher than that in the control (P＜0.01), while the mRNA level of TNFb was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.01). Conclusion As a nutrient additive, Schizochytrium could improve the ability of zebrafish to resist bacterial infection, which provided a theoretical basis for the application of Schizochytrium in fishery industry.
2019, 34(10): 1124-1128.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.002
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Objective To construct a recombinant bacterium that expresses the specific gene Method Results The cloning and expression vectors were successfully established. The molecular weight of the recombinant protein was approximately 21 ku. The expressed product was purified showing an apparent immunogenicity. Conclusion The
2019, 34(10): 1129-1136.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.003
Abstract:
Objective The fatty acids (FFs) in the muscles of 9 species of wild white pomfret were compared for the development and utilization of the marine resource. Method Samples of fish muscles were treated with 0.5% sulfuric acid-methanol prior to FF determination using capillary gas chromatography. Correlation and cluster analyses on the FFs were performed by IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Result The muscles of the 9 species contained 34.52% to 48.29% of saturated FFs, 15.35% to 35.91% of monounsaturated FFs, and 18.45% to 37.26% of polyunsaturated FFs. The content of C16 ∶ 0 FF was similar in all species and the highest among all detected in the muscles. ∑MUFA was found inversely correlated with ∑PUFA, and ∑SFA not correlated with either ∑MUFA or ∑PUFA. The major FF, C20 ∶ 4(6)(AA), correlated with ω-6, and C22 ∶ 6 (3)(DHA) with ω-3, while EPA with none. Based upon the FF compositions, the 9 species were clustered into 3 groups, such as, Pampus genera, P. chinensis, P. minor and P. argenteus in one category. Conclusion The contents of nutraceutical EPA+DHA and polyunsaturated FFs were high in the 9 species of wild white pomfret. The analytical information was of value for studies on the metabolism and taxonomy of white pomfret.
2019, 34(10): 1137-1143.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.004
Abstract:
Objective In order to further understand the function of OsPLATZ14 and the role of PLATZ transcription factor in rice growth and development, the structure and spatiotemporal expression pattern of Method The length of Result The pOsPLATZ14 was determined to be 1 899 bp in length containing several cis-elements which were associated with the light signaling, stress and hormone response. The GUS reporter gene driven by the promoter was significantly expressed at the stages of seed germination, the seedling stage of roots, stems and leaves, in the heading period of roots, stems, leaves, flower spikes, florets, leaf angle, stem-stem junctions, root-stem junctions, as well as the seed maturation. Conclusion pOsPLATZ14 was the constitutive promoter and its downstream regulatory gene OsPLATZ14 might play an important role in the growth and development of rice.
2019, 34(10): 1144-1149.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.005
Abstract:
Objective To breed high-quality, early-maturing CMS lines of Indica rice. Method The F4 lines derived from Quan 5B×Tianfeng B hybrid was used as male parent to cross with CMS line Quan 5A in spring 2007 to develop a new rice CMS line, Wutian A, after several backcrossing, observations, and selections for further breeding purpose. Result The newly bred high-quality, early-maturing Wutian A was certified by Fujian Crop Variety Evaluation Committee in 2019 (Certificate No. 20190047). It was stable on male sterility, 100% on plant sterility, 99.99% on pollen sterility, high on outcrossing, and 64.77% on stigma exposure. The rice had the desirable quality with grains that were 66.0% unbroken, 6.7 mm long and 3.4 on length/width ratio, 4% of chalky appearance and 0.6% on chalkiness reading, 23.8% in amylose content, and Grade A on transparency, 7.0 on alkali spreading value, and 50 mm on gel consistency after cooking. Among those characteristics, the non-breakage, chalkiness, transparency and alkali spreading value were top rated for edible Indica rice on quality according to the standards set forth by the Quality of Edible Rice Variety. Whereas, the amylose content and gel consistency could be upgraded with improvements. Like Tianfeng A, Wutian A had a 66 d sowing-to-heading maturation period and strong combining ability. Using Wutian A as the female parent to cross R713 as the male parent, an elite hybrid combination, Wutian A/R713, was bred and certified by Fujian Crop Variety Evaluation Committee in 2019 (Certificate No. 20190035). Conclusion Wutian A, a new CMS cultivar with stable male sterility, high crossing rate, desirable grain quality, early maturation, and strong combining ability, was considered an excellent cultivar for breeding new varieties of 3-line combination hybrid rice.
2019, 34(10): 1150-1157.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.006
Abstract:
Objective Starch metabolism at time of repeated bolting was studied to determine the optimum time for bulb-harvesting in propagation of out-of-season lilies. Method Contents of starch and reducing sugars as well as images of starch granules under scanning electron microscope of the lily bulbs at various developmental stages were examined. Expressions of amylase-related genes of the bulbs were obtained by qRT-PCR. Result The starch and reducing sugars in the bulbs underwent significant changes at germination stage, as the starch content decreased by 4.98% and reducing sugars increased by 3.23%. The Conclusion A large amount of starch was consumed during repeated bolting of the bulbs. Thus, to reduce the ill-effects on the quality of the bulbs and lily flowers, bulb-harvesting at the mature stage was recommended.
2019, 34(10): 1158-1166.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.007
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Objective Growing varieties of leafy lettuce (Lactuca Sativa) with the nutrient film technique (NFT) in a greenhouse were evaluated for the hydroponic cultivation in southern Fujian. Methods Thirteen varieties of lettuce with desirable qualities were collected from the province and elsewhere for the experimentation. The morphological characteristics, leaf yield, and nutritional quality of each species grown under the NFT system in a greenhouse were monitored for analysis. Results The Lvshen variety attained the greatest plant height of 29.23 cm with a yield of 94.13 g per plant, which was 48.69% higher than that of Xiaoyekuju, 57.75% higher than that of Greekn, and 63.45% higher than that of Ziya. Lvmeigui was the second highest on yield, at 89.50 g per plant. Nutritionally, Lvmeigui had the most anthocyanin and cellulose in edible leaves but least on accumulated nitrate nitrogen among all tested varieties. The greatest content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves was found in Lvshen, that of ascorbic acid in Zixia, and that of soluble sugar in Youya. Conclusion Overall, Lvmeigui showed the most desirable high yield and nutritional value and was considered most suitable among the 13 varieties of lettuce for the greenhouse NFT cultivation in southern Fujian.
2019, 34(10): 1167-1172.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.008
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Objective By resequencing the genomes of representative strains of Agaricus bisporus, the genetic differentiations and molecular markers were investigated for taxonomic and analytical studies on the mushrooms. Method Genes of 18 major strains of A. bisporus including hybrids and wild strains from local and foreign sources, traditional highly productive or good quality varieties, and brown-colored and sterile strains were resequenced. Various bioinformatics software programs were applied to align the readings with the reference A. bisporus genome data. From the aligned results, SNP and SV were obtained to statistically analyze the distribution of the genetic differentiations in search for DNA-based molecular markers and to decipher the functions of the genomes. Result From the resequencing, 21.63 G data were obtained with an average Q30 reaching 89.10%. A matching rate of 82.50%, a coverage of 96.32%, and an average depth of 33X were found between the readings and sequence of the H97 reference genome. From the alignment results, 813 768 SNPs and 53 840 InDels were obtained with an average of 924 SV variations for each strain. Conclusion Of the various A. bisporus strains in the world, the Chinese As2796 and Dutch U1 lines seemed to be the two major commercial hybrids on the market.
2019, 34(10): 1173-1178.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.009
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Objective Effects of a bacterial liquid fertilizer on the yield and quality of tea bushes as well as the fertility of soil at the plantation were studied. Methods The Tieguanyin bushes in a plot at a tea plantation were fertilized with W208YF, a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens liquid fertilizer, to compare with water as control (CK) for the experimentation. The treatment group was applied at a rate of 100 L·hm−2 with 4.00×106 cfu·mL−1 concentration of W208YF. Tea yield and quality at harvest and fertility and microbial diversity of the plantation soil were determined. Results The yield, water extracts, and free amino acids of the tea from the treatment group were significantly higher than those of CK. Specifically, the yield increased 11.10%, the water soluble 10.60%, and the free amino acid content 8.10% over CK. On the other hand, the caffeine of W208YF-fertilized tea was significantly lower by 24.30% than that of CK. The fertility (i.e., total nitrogen, alkali nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matters, and humic acid), microbial diversity Shannon and Simpson indices, and β diversity of the fertilized soil were significantly increased as compared with CK. Conclusion Application of W208YF liquid fertilizer significantly improved the tea yield and quality as well as the plantation soil fertility and microbial diversity.
2019, 34(10): 1179-1184.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.010
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Objective Application of dsActin to control the proliferating, multiple-hosting, insecticide-resistant invasive western flower thrips on vegetables and ornamental crops in China was investigated. Method Synthetic dsActin or dsGFP Result The relative expression of Actin mRNA in the thrips was similar to that of control 24, 48 and 72 h after membrane-feeding. But the expressions in the injection group decreased to 68% in 24 h, 56% in 48 h, and 53% in 72 h. Significantly higher mortality rate (44%-98% in 24-120 h), shorter body length (90% of control), and higher bodily deformation rate (41%) were observed in the dsRNA-treated thrips than control. Conclusion The Actin mRNA expression in F. occidentalis was significantly suppressed by dsActin injection at the test level to induce malformations or death in the insects. It suggested that an in vivo RNA interference method was made available for studying the gene functions and control of thrips.
2019, 34(10): 1185-1191.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.011
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Objective Effects of short-term high-temperature exposure on survival and reproduction of adult Assara inouei Yamanaka were studied to determine the thermal adaptation of the insect for population control. Method Within 12 h of emergence, adult A. inouei were exposed to 25℃ (CK), 35℃, 38℃, or 41℃ for 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, or 6 h, then moved to a 25°C chamber for feeding and observation. The survival rate, lifespan, fecundity, and egg hatching rate of the insects were monitored. Result Both temperature and duration of the exposures significantly affected the survival and reproduction of A. inouei. The increased temperature and prolonged exposure caused a gradual decline on the survival rate, lifespan, and oviposition of the insects. The average number of eggs laid per female and that at the peak egg-laying period decreased gradually, and the egg hatching rate decreased as well. But the pre-oviposition period was not significantly altered. Exposure to 35°C for 1 h and 2 h did not cause significant differences on the survival rate, lifespan, pre-oviposition period or egg hatching rate, as compared to CK. But it significantly affected the female oviposition period and average number of eggs laid per individual insect. On the other hand, after being exposed to 41°C for 4 h or 6 h, the insects sustained a significantly lower survival rate, lifespan, pre-oviposition and oviposition periods, number of eggs laid per female, and egg hatching rate than those of CK. Conclusion Exposure to a rising temperature up to 41°C in a duration of 4 h to 6 h could be significantly detrimental to the survival and fecundity of adult A. inouei.
2019, 34(10): 1192-1196.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.012
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Objective To determine the appropriate weed control using herbicides on fields of winter potatoes in Fujian. Methods Major species of weeds found in the areas and the applicable herbicides for controlling them were studied. A random block test was applied to evaluate the efficacies of oxadiazone, butachlor, acetochlor, s-metolachlor, quizalofop-p-ethyl, haloxyfop, and rimsulfuron on Favorite. Results More than 20 varieties of weeds were commonly found on the fields that grew winter potatoes in the province. Among them, Stellaria media , Malachium aquaticum, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium serotinum, Polygonum bungeanum, Polygonum lapathifolium, Digitaria sanguinalis, Portulaca oleracea, Solanum nigrum, and Conyza canadensis accounted over 80% of all. In the weed control efficacy tests on 7 herbicides, metolachlor at 960 g·L−1 application rate, 60% butachlor, and 50% acetochlor were considered most desirable. The calculated 45 d relative control effects based on fresh weed weight were 83.7% for metolachlor, 68.4% for butachlor, and 65.4% for acetochlor. On the post-seedling efficacy, the 25% sulfadisulfuron-methyl water dispersible granules exhibited the best relative control of 90.9%, among all herbicides tested. Conclusion The weeds in the field were diverse in variety. The application of metolachlor at 960 g·L−1 or 25% sulfadisulfuron-methyl water dispersible granules appeared to be most effective in weed control on the winter potato fields in Fujian.
2019, 34(10): 1197-1202.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.013
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Objective Correlation between the root-knot nematode disease on cucumber plants and the fertility of soils at different depths was investigated in a greenhouse to optimize the disease control. Method Soil fertility indicators including pH, available nitrogen, available potassium, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and organic matters from surface to 30cm in depth during various cucumber growth stages were compared with occurrence of root-knot nematode disease on the plant for possible correlations. Result The available nitrogen, available potassium, and total nitrogen in the upper-layer of the soil were higher than those in the middle- or lower-layer in 128 d, 188 d, and 218 d after planting, with a statistic significance at P0.05 level. Significant correlations were found on the total phosphorus, available potassium, available nitrogen, and pH, but not on the total nitrogen, in the soils at different depths. The total phosphorus in soil significantly inversely correlated to the disease on the cucumber plants with a correlation coefficient of −0.842 for the upper-layer, −0.854 for the middle-layer, and −0.869 for the lower-layer. On the available nitrogen, an inversed correlation was found between that in the upper-layer and the disease on the plants with a coefficient of −0.562. No significant correlation existed between the disease and the available potassium and pH relating to the upper-layer soil. Conclusion The total phosphorus and nitrogen in the soil highly correlated with the root-knot nematode disease and were considered relevant in preventing and controlling the disease on cucumbers.
2019, 34(10): 1203-1210.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.014
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Objective A method coupling the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and the triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was established to simultaneously determine 15 phenolic compounds in purple potatoes. Method Purple potato specimens were extracted with methanol-water under ultrasound to be separated on a UPLC and analyzed by MS/MS for the phenolic determination. On a Waters T3 C18 column of the UPLC, the extracts was separated by gradient elution with 0.1% (V/V) formic acid-5 mmol·L−1 ammonium acetate aqueous solution and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The elutes were analyzed using the positive electrospray ionization tandem MS under the multiple reaction monitoring mode. Result With the optimized conditions and within the concentration range, linearities on the measurements for 15 phenolics with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.995 6 to 0.999 7 were obtained. The methodology had a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.3–5.8 µg·L−1 (S/N≥3) and that of quantitation 1.0–15.2 µg·L−1 (S/N≥10). The average recoveries on the compounds ranged from 73.3% to 97.1% with a relative standard deviation (RSDs) of 1.8%–8.9%. Conclusion Five categories of phenolic compounds in the concentrations ranging from 0.102 mg·kg−1 to 1 698 490 mg·kg−1 were detected in the purple potato specimens by the method. Among them, chlorogenic acid was the highest in quantity, and coumaric acid the lowest. The newly established methodology was deemed sensitive, rapid, accurate, and suitable for phenolic determination on purple potatoes.
2019, 34(10): 1211-1220.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.015
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Objective The surface property, which closely relates to the functionality, of biochar made from discarded mushroom stems under varied pyrolysis temperature and time was studied. Method Waste of edible mushrooms including Hypsizygus marmoreus , Pleurotus geesteranus , and Tremella fuciformis was processed under oxygen-limited pyrolysis at 400℃, 500℃, 600℃ or 700℃ for 1.5 h, 2.0 h, 2.5 h or 3.0 h. The structure property of the resulting biochar samples was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Result The increasing pyrolysis temperature and time reduced the relative contents of C=O and C-N in the proteins, C-O-C in the celluloses, and C-H functional groups in the benzene rings of the raw material, while raised the relative contents of C-C functional groups in the benzene rings reaching a maximum when processed at 700℃ for 3.0 h. Among the 3 biochar samples obtained under same pyrolysis conditions, the maximum absorption by the oxygen functional groups of H. marmoreus biochar was the highest, and that of T. fuciformis the lowest; whereas, that by the C-C functional groups in the benzene rings of P. geesteranus biochar was the highest, and T. fuciformis biochar the lowest. Conclusion Increased pyrolysis temperature and time decomposed the organic substances such as proteins, polysaccharides, and fatty acids in the raw mushroom material, diminished the alkyls, and formed aromatics in the biochar. Processed under 700℃/3.0 h pyrolysis, the biochar attained a stable structure. As indicated by the analytical results, the H. marmoreus biochar was expected to be most effective among the 3 materials in removing heavy metals or organic pollutants, and the P. geesteranus biochar in carbon-sequestrating in soil.
2019, 34(10): 1221-1227.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.016
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Objective Physiology of and heavy-metal accumulation in marigold ( Tagetes erecta L.) and peafowl ( T. patula L.) seedlings under cadmium (Cd) stress were studied. Method In a hydroponic test, the seedlings were treated with a Cd concentration of 0, 0.3, 3, 20, 60, 120, 180 or 240 mg·L−1 in the medium. Soluble protein, malondialdehyde, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and Cd of the plants were monitored. Result There were apparent effects on the physiological regulatory mechanisms and metal-ion accumulation in the seedlings by the imposed Cd stress at varying concentrations. On marigold, increasing Cd caused the soluble protein in the seedlings to decline constantly, the malondialdehyde to decrease initially but raise then decrease again, the peroxidase activity to gradually increase, and the superoxide dismutase to decrease at first then increase followed by another decline. On peafowl, the increased stress induced a continuous decline on soluble protein, a down-up-down-and-up trend on malondialdehyde, a rise-then-fall on peroxidase, and a roller coaster up-down-up-and-down effect on superoxide dismutase in the seedlings. Cd stress directly raised the metal-uptakes in marigold as well as peafowl. At 180 mg Cd·L−1, the marigold seedlings attained a Cd content of 440.40 mg·kg−1 and the peafowl 478.23 mg·kg−1. Conclusion At medium and low Cd concentrations (e.g., 0.3−120 mg·L−1), little physiological impact was evident on either marigold or peafowl, as the plants could apparently regulate to tolerate the stress. However, under a high Cd stress (e.g., 180 or 240 mg·L−1), significant harms resulted on the plants. Cd would continue to accumulate in the seedlings till the heavy metal concentration in the medium reached the level when the seeds simply failed to germinate. For marigold, peroxidase played a leading role in the Cd stress resistance, whereas, superoxide dismutase did for peafowl. It appeared that Tagetes seeds could be useful for studying phytoremediation.
2019, 34(10): 1228-1236.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.017
Abstract:
Objective An agricultural technology service system using the social media and media convergence technology was designed and tested for an effective venue for farmers to access up-to-date information relating to agricultural advances, improve the efficiency of service and information dissemination, and increase the utilization of available resources in support of rural revitalization. Methods Utilizing the available multimedia and diverse transmission channels, a system that integrated information dissemination, virtual training, and interactive consultation for serving the agricultural community was designed. A WeChat public site was used as a platform and app programs for various system functions. Through resource integration, process optimization, and interface development, a service system was formulated and tested for its viability. Results The newly developed Huinongxin system provided live micro-video, expert Q&A, and information query with the service-oriented (SOA) data interface significantly facilitated the execution of the designed purposes in serving the agriculture community. The establishments of an official account on WeChat and the inclusion of various apps eased the data downloading and software installation making the program exceedingly user friendly. For instance, online dialogue, message forwarding, and information exchanges, which effectively improved the dissemination and utilization efficiency of the system, accounted for 71.51% of the website visits in the trial. Conclusion The Huinongxin agricultural technology service system utilized the media convergence technology and WeChat platform to provide effective information dissemination and exchanges. In trials, it exhibited an improved efficiency, ease of use, as well as cost reductions on training and education. It demonstrated the practical applicability as a tool for the designed mission and was recommended for implementation in China.
