2018 Vol. 33, No. 9
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2018, 33(9): 883-887.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.09.001
Abstract:
Structure and function of Mmc-3740 encoded protein of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri were studied based on the bioinformatics of the secondary structure, transmembrane region and signal peptide of the gene. The results showed that the protein was an alpha helix with extended random coil, and that the signal peptide located either extracellular or in cytoplasmic with high antigen index and immunogenicity.The area that showed high antigen index and immunogenicity concentrated in the regions of 28-51, 60-67 and 80-130 amino acid sequences.The molecular formula of the protein was C607H1000N184O261S5 with a molecular weight of 15.21 kD and an isoelectric point of 4.42.The half-life of Mmc-3740 in microorganisms appeared to be short and unstable.
Structure and function of Mmc-3740 encoded protein of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri were studied based on the bioinformatics of the secondary structure, transmembrane region and signal peptide of the gene. The results showed that the protein was an alpha helix with extended random coil, and that the signal peptide located either extracellular or in cytoplasmic with high antigen index and immunogenicity.The area that showed high antigen index and immunogenicity concentrated in the regions of 28-51, 60-67 and 80-130 amino acid sequences.The molecular formula of the protein was C607H1000N184O261S5 with a molecular weight of 15.21 kD and an isoelectric point of 4.42.The half-life of Mmc-3740 in microorganisms appeared to be short and unstable.
2018, 33(9): 888-892.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.09.002
Abstract:
This article compares the slaughtered carcass characteristics and meat quality indicators of 90-day-old Minxinan black rabbit(MBR), Fujian white rabbit(FWR) and New Zealand white rabbit(NZWR). The results showed that (1) the live weight[(2044.79±129.86)g], evisceration weight[(941.89±65.27)g] and semi-evisceration weight[(1034.31±65.39)g] of NZWR were higher than those of MBR[(1568.56±103.99)g, (725.42±88.60)g and (784.94±145.07)g, respectively] and FWR[(1514.43±102.96)g, (675.55±54.91)g and(763.08±47.82)g, respectively] at P < 0.05, and the evisceration weight percentage[(44.59±1.84)%] and abdominal fat weight[(7.54±4.62)g] of FWR lower than those of MBR[(46.27±4.95)% and (8.06±4.19)g, respectively] and NZWR[(46.09±2.04)% and (9.48±5.23)g, respectively] at P < 0.05, while no significant differences in the proportions of semi-evisceration weight or the abdominal fat among all breeds at P>0.05; (2) the longissimus dorsi and biceps femori of MBR appeared redder in color than those of the other rabbits at P < 0.05; (3) 45 minutes after slaughter, the pH of longissimus dorsi of MBR (6.42±0.20) was lower than those of FWR (6.49±0.20) and NZWR (6.53±0.20) at P < 0.05, and no significant differenceon biceps femoriat P>0.05;whereas, 24 h after slaughter, the pH of longissimus dorsi (5.66±0.09) and biceps femori (5.84±0.15) of FWR were higher than those of MBR[(5.46±0.31) and (5.67±0.16), respectively] and NZWR[(5.47±0.27) and (5.64±0.07), respectively] at P < 0.05, indicating an acidification in the muscles of all 3 breeds occurred after slaughtering; (4) the longissimus dorsi of NZWR had the highest drip loss[(9.50±3.29)%, P < 0.05], and no significant differences in cooking losses among the breeds (P>0.05); (5) NZWR had a higher crude protein content in longissimus dorsi at (24.69±2.57)g·kg-1 than the others, while MBR the lowest at (22.12±0.96)g·kg-1(P < 0.05), whereas, the fat content being the opposite; (6) FWR had lower muscle area[(0.0014±0.0004)mm·unit-1 on longissimus dorsi and (0.0017±0.0004)mm·unit-1 on biceps femori] than the other breeds (P < 0.05), but no significant difference between MBR and NZWR(P>0.05), and the opposite on muscle fiber density among the breeds.
This article compares the slaughtered carcass characteristics and meat quality indicators of 90-day-old Minxinan black rabbit(MBR), Fujian white rabbit(FWR) and New Zealand white rabbit(NZWR). The results showed that (1) the live weight[(2044.79±129.86)g], evisceration weight[(941.89±65.27)g] and semi-evisceration weight[(1034.31±65.39)g] of NZWR were higher than those of MBR[(1568.56±103.99)g, (725.42±88.60)g and (784.94±145.07)g, respectively] and FWR[(1514.43±102.96)g, (675.55±54.91)g and(763.08±47.82)g, respectively] at P < 0.05, and the evisceration weight percentage[(44.59±1.84)%] and abdominal fat weight[(7.54±4.62)g] of FWR lower than those of MBR[(46.27±4.95)% and (8.06±4.19)g, respectively] and NZWR[(46.09±2.04)% and (9.48±5.23)g, respectively] at P < 0.05, while no significant differences in the proportions of semi-evisceration weight or the abdominal fat among all breeds at P>0.05; (2) the longissimus dorsi and biceps femori of MBR appeared redder in color than those of the other rabbits at P < 0.05; (3) 45 minutes after slaughter, the pH of longissimus dorsi of MBR (6.42±0.20) was lower than those of FWR (6.49±0.20) and NZWR (6.53±0.20) at P < 0.05, and no significant differenceon biceps femoriat P>0.05;whereas, 24 h after slaughter, the pH of longissimus dorsi (5.66±0.09) and biceps femori (5.84±0.15) of FWR were higher than those of MBR[(5.46±0.31) and (5.67±0.16), respectively] and NZWR[(5.47±0.27) and (5.64±0.07), respectively] at P < 0.05, indicating an acidification in the muscles of all 3 breeds occurred after slaughtering; (4) the longissimus dorsi of NZWR had the highest drip loss[(9.50±3.29)%, P < 0.05], and no significant differences in cooking losses among the breeds (P>0.05); (5) NZWR had a higher crude protein content in longissimus dorsi at (24.69±2.57)g·kg-1 than the others, while MBR the lowest at (22.12±0.96)g·kg-1(P < 0.05), whereas, the fat content being the opposite; (6) FWR had lower muscle area[(0.0014±0.0004)mm·unit-1 on longissimus dorsi and (0.0017±0.0004)mm·unit-1 on biceps femori] than the other breeds (P < 0.05), but no significant difference between MBR and NZWR(P>0.05), and the opposite on muscle fiber density among the breeds.
2018, 33(9): 893-898.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.09.003
Abstract:
Effect of addition of mixed extremely thermophilic bacteria on the degradation of amino acids in the high-temperature-treated pig carcass was studied.Samples applied in this study included materials of dead, diseased pigs prior to fermentation (Group Q) and after aseptic treatment (thermophile-free Group Wj that had been composted for 60 days) as controls, as well as those with additions of various ultra-thermophiles at 0.05%, 0.08%, 0.10% or 0.12%.Changes on the composition and content of amino acids of the samples after treatments were determined. The Illumina MiSeq method was used to analyze the microbial community on the samples. The 16S gene sequencing data obtained were compared to a reference genome database of known metabolic functions to predict those of the bacteria collected. The results showed that the addition of 0.08%-0.12% thermophiles significantly promoted the amino acid degradation that significantly reduced the total and individual amino acid contents. The reductions on total amino acid content were 7.04%-8.49% with an addition of the thermophiles more than 0.05% (P < 0.05)as the asparagine, threonine, glycine, alanine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine contents decreased significantly. On the other hand, the degradations on glutamic acid, valine, isoleucine, tyrosine and arginine did not differ significantly in Group Wj. The amino acid metabolic functions of the dead pigs before and after treatment were significantly different. Those of Group Q and the treatment groups were significantly different indicating the addition of 0.08%-0.12% the extremely thermophilic bacteria enhanced the metabolism and amino acid degradation in the high-temperature-treated pig carcass, and that the effect was similar to a 60 day compost fermentation.
Effect of addition of mixed extremely thermophilic bacteria on the degradation of amino acids in the high-temperature-treated pig carcass was studied.Samples applied in this study included materials of dead, diseased pigs prior to fermentation (Group Q) and after aseptic treatment (thermophile-free Group Wj that had been composted for 60 days) as controls, as well as those with additions of various ultra-thermophiles at 0.05%, 0.08%, 0.10% or 0.12%.Changes on the composition and content of amino acids of the samples after treatments were determined. The Illumina MiSeq method was used to analyze the microbial community on the samples. The 16S gene sequencing data obtained were compared to a reference genome database of known metabolic functions to predict those of the bacteria collected. The results showed that the addition of 0.08%-0.12% thermophiles significantly promoted the amino acid degradation that significantly reduced the total and individual amino acid contents. The reductions on total amino acid content were 7.04%-8.49% with an addition of the thermophiles more than 0.05% (P < 0.05)as the asparagine, threonine, glycine, alanine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine contents decreased significantly. On the other hand, the degradations on glutamic acid, valine, isoleucine, tyrosine and arginine did not differ significantly in Group Wj. The amino acid metabolic functions of the dead pigs before and after treatment were significantly different. Those of Group Q and the treatment groups were significantly different indicating the addition of 0.08%-0.12% the extremely thermophilic bacteria enhanced the metabolism and amino acid degradation in the high-temperature-treated pig carcass, and that the effect was similar to a 60 day compost fermentation.
2018, 33(9): 899-905.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.09.004
Abstract:
Phenotype and interior of an endangered species, Semilabeo obscurus, were studied to establish a rapid identification and classification method to facilitate conservation of the germplasm. Traditional morphological and advanced methodologies were applied, and data subjected to statistics and SPSS factor analyses. Linear relationships were found between the body length and the total length, body height, head length, head height, head width, caudal length, orcaudal height, between the head length and the proboscis length, eye diameter, distance between eyes, caudal length, orcaudal height, between the caudal length and the caudal height, between the head height and the head width, as well as between the 21 frame distance and the body length of S. obscurus. Stable linear regression correlations existed between the body length and the head height/head width ratio, caudal length/caudal depth ratio or D5-7. The principal component feature vector had the greatest absolute value on the loads of D4-5, D4-6, D4-7, D3-8, D3-4 and D5-7, and they correlated. It reflected the characteristic phenotype of the tail section of the fish.Amultidimensional analysis on the phenotype suggested that the ratios of the head height/head width(0.91-0.95), caudal length/caudal height(1.37-1.47) and D5-7/body length(0.241 3-0.255 3) could be the key indicators for the properties. In general, the composition and structure of the internal organs of S. obscurus were similar to those of Cyprinidae, having long and thin intestines with short and small swim bladders and an intestinal index of 14.15-15.76 (averaging 15.14). The intestines occupied more than 80% of the abdominal cavity of animmature fish; and the length of the bladder, about 14% of the fish body length or 50% of the abdominal cavity length.The information obtained showed the evolution of S. obscurus as it adapted to the environmental changes.
Phenotype and interior of an endangered species, Semilabeo obscurus, were studied to establish a rapid identification and classification method to facilitate conservation of the germplasm. Traditional morphological and advanced methodologies were applied, and data subjected to statistics and SPSS factor analyses. Linear relationships were found between the body length and the total length, body height, head length, head height, head width, caudal length, orcaudal height, between the head length and the proboscis length, eye diameter, distance between eyes, caudal length, orcaudal height, between the caudal length and the caudal height, between the head height and the head width, as well as between the 21 frame distance and the body length of S. obscurus. Stable linear regression correlations existed between the body length and the head height/head width ratio, caudal length/caudal depth ratio or D5-7. The principal component feature vector had the greatest absolute value on the loads of D4-5, D4-6, D4-7, D3-8, D3-4 and D5-7, and they correlated. It reflected the characteristic phenotype of the tail section of the fish.Amultidimensional analysis on the phenotype suggested that the ratios of the head height/head width(0.91-0.95), caudal length/caudal height(1.37-1.47) and D5-7/body length(0.241 3-0.255 3) could be the key indicators for the properties. In general, the composition and structure of the internal organs of S. obscurus were similar to those of Cyprinidae, having long and thin intestines with short and small swim bladders and an intestinal index of 14.15-15.76 (averaging 15.14). The intestines occupied more than 80% of the abdominal cavity of animmature fish; and the length of the bladder, about 14% of the fish body length or 50% of the abdominal cavity length.The information obtained showed the evolution of S. obscurus as it adapted to the environmental changes.
2018, 33(9): 906-918.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.09.005
Abstract:
Vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPase) is a multi-subunit enzyme complex found in the tonoplast of eukaryotes. V-ATPase subunitA(VHA) encoded by OsVHA-A1 gene is crucial in the development and tolerance to environmental stress of rice. This study applied a wild type and a purified mutant rice with a single cytosine deletion from its OsVHA-A1 gene to compare the differences of their phenotypes during the entire growth period. The mutant rice senesced at late-growth stage resulting a significant yield reduction as compared to the wild type. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including SOD, POD and CAT of the two isogene rice lines showed differential temporal patterns.The senescence-induced increases on O2- production as well as H2O2 and MDA contents in the leaves and roots of the mutant rice after booting stage were generally higher than those of the wild type.The performance of the roots tended to be poorer than that of the leaves in the mutant type in comparison with that of the wild type. OsVHA-A1 was significantly down-regulated and the V-ATPase activity significantly declined at grain-filling stage after senescence from seeding stage before senescence for both lines. But the down-regulated OsVHA-A1 expression and reduced V-ATPase activity in the roots and leaves were greater in the mutant rice than those in the wild type. It appeared that OsVHA-A1 played a crucial role in regulating rice senescence.Aside from genetic changes, environmental factors also contributed to the heightened root senescence, as the 16S rDNA sequencing showed that the pathogenic fungi population in the rhizosphere soil increased significantly when the mutant type at its grain-filling stage. In the soil, HPLC analysis identified 5 phenolic acids, i.e., phydroxybenzoic, vanillin, syringate, pcoumaric acid, and ferulic acid. The contents of phydroxybenzoic and pcoumaric acid were extremely significantly lower associated with the mutant than the wild type. It suggested that the pathogens might participate in the process of root senescence. Furthermore, the declined root activity was found correlating with the chlorophyll or photosynthesis decrease in the isogen rice lines after booting stage.It was concluded that the absence of functional OsVHA-A1 directly affected the senescence, whereas the altered underground microbial community further hastened the aging process of the rice plant.
Vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPase) is a multi-subunit enzyme complex found in the tonoplast of eukaryotes. V-ATPase subunitA(VHA) encoded by OsVHA-A1 gene is crucial in the development and tolerance to environmental stress of rice. This study applied a wild type and a purified mutant rice with a single cytosine deletion from its OsVHA-A1 gene to compare the differences of their phenotypes during the entire growth period. The mutant rice senesced at late-growth stage resulting a significant yield reduction as compared to the wild type. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including SOD, POD and CAT of the two isogene rice lines showed differential temporal patterns.The senescence-induced increases on O2- production as well as H2O2 and MDA contents in the leaves and roots of the mutant rice after booting stage were generally higher than those of the wild type.The performance of the roots tended to be poorer than that of the leaves in the mutant type in comparison with that of the wild type. OsVHA-A1 was significantly down-regulated and the V-ATPase activity significantly declined at grain-filling stage after senescence from seeding stage before senescence for both lines. But the down-regulated OsVHA-A1 expression and reduced V-ATPase activity in the roots and leaves were greater in the mutant rice than those in the wild type. It appeared that OsVHA-A1 played a crucial role in regulating rice senescence.Aside from genetic changes, environmental factors also contributed to the heightened root senescence, as the 16S rDNA sequencing showed that the pathogenic fungi population in the rhizosphere soil increased significantly when the mutant type at its grain-filling stage. In the soil, HPLC analysis identified 5 phenolic acids, i.e., phydroxybenzoic, vanillin, syringate, pcoumaric acid, and ferulic acid. The contents of phydroxybenzoic and pcoumaric acid were extremely significantly lower associated with the mutant than the wild type. It suggested that the pathogens might participate in the process of root senescence. Furthermore, the declined root activity was found correlating with the chlorophyll or photosynthesis decrease in the isogen rice lines after booting stage.It was concluded that the absence of functional OsVHA-A1 directly affected the senescence, whereas the altered underground microbial community further hastened the aging process of the rice plant.
2018, 33(9): 919-923.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.09.006
Abstract:
Effects of transplanting density and applications of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for the starch-rich sweet potato, Rongshu 819, on hilly land were studied for cultivation optimization. An orthogonal experiment by a quadratic, orthogonal and pivoting regression for 4 factors was conducted. The results showed that (1) the effects of 4 factors on the tuber yield were in the order of potassium > phosphorus > transplanting density > nitrogen; and (2) the highest yield of fresh sweet potatoes above 37.500 t·hm-2 could be achieved by using the transplanting density ranging 46 260-50 108 plants·hm-2 with the fertilization of pure nitrogen at a rate of 0.081-0.107 t·hm-2, P2O5 at 0.061-0.092 t·hm-2 and K2O at 0.303-0.329 t·hm-2.
Effects of transplanting density and applications of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for the starch-rich sweet potato, Rongshu 819, on hilly land were studied for cultivation optimization. An orthogonal experiment by a quadratic, orthogonal and pivoting regression for 4 factors was conducted. The results showed that (1) the effects of 4 factors on the tuber yield were in the order of potassium > phosphorus > transplanting density > nitrogen; and (2) the highest yield of fresh sweet potatoes above 37.500 t·hm-2 could be achieved by using the transplanting density ranging 46 260-50 108 plants·hm-2 with the fertilization of pure nitrogen at a rate of 0.081-0.107 t·hm-2, P2O5 at 0.061-0.092 t·hm-2 and K2O at 0.303-0.329 t·hm-2.
2018, 33(9): 924-929.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.09.007
Abstract:
Characteristics of nitrogen absorption, utilization and distribution as well as effect of planting density, of flue-cured tobacco were studied using a 15N tracer. The experiment employed K326 (a cultivar of Nicotiana tabacum) for the cultivation with 3 planting densities, i.e., D1 (16 592 plants·hm-2), D2 (18 182 plants·hm-2) and D3 (20 202 plants·hm-2).The results showed that nitrogen derived from fertilizer(Ndff, %) in different parts of a plant was in the order of lower leaves > middle leaves > stem > upper leaves > roots at round top stage. It was indicated that lower and middle leaves had higher ability to absorb and transport nitrogen fertilizer. However, with the development and maturity of tobacco plants, the ability of various parts to absorb and transport nitrogen fertilizer was gradually reduced.Planting density had significant effect on the Ndff ratio in different parts of the tobacco plant. Increment of planting density increased the proportion of Ndff in all parts at round top stage. However, in the middle and late period, with the increase of planting density, the Ndff ratio of tobacco plants decreased significantly, indicating that when the planting density was too large, it was not conducive to maintain the ability to absorb nitrogen in the late growth stage of tobacco plants.The 15N distribution rate of different parts was in the order of lower leaves > middle leaves > upper leaves > stem > roots at round top stage. On average, 76.95% of 15N were shown in leaves, 15.36% in the stems, and 7.68% in the roots. Harvesting the lower and middle leaves decreased the proportion of 15N in the leaves while increased those in the stems and roots. Comparatively, the 15N distribution to the roots and stem was higher than to the leaves under D2 resulting in a stronger plants.The nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) of flue-cured tobacco decreased as the plant aged. NUE of plants grown under D2 was the highest in various periods among all treatments, but the difference between D2 and D3 was not significant in the late growth period. As the planting density was raised, the tobacco leaf yield increased, but the percentage of high-grade leaves decreased significantly. The output value per unit area of D2 was the highest, followed by D3 and D1.
Characteristics of nitrogen absorption, utilization and distribution as well as effect of planting density, of flue-cured tobacco were studied using a 15N tracer. The experiment employed K326 (a cultivar of Nicotiana tabacum) for the cultivation with 3 planting densities, i.e., D1 (16 592 plants·hm-2), D2 (18 182 plants·hm-2) and D3 (20 202 plants·hm-2).The results showed that nitrogen derived from fertilizer(Ndff, %) in different parts of a plant was in the order of lower leaves > middle leaves > stem > upper leaves > roots at round top stage. It was indicated that lower and middle leaves had higher ability to absorb and transport nitrogen fertilizer. However, with the development and maturity of tobacco plants, the ability of various parts to absorb and transport nitrogen fertilizer was gradually reduced.Planting density had significant effect on the Ndff ratio in different parts of the tobacco plant. Increment of planting density increased the proportion of Ndff in all parts at round top stage. However, in the middle and late period, with the increase of planting density, the Ndff ratio of tobacco plants decreased significantly, indicating that when the planting density was too large, it was not conducive to maintain the ability to absorb nitrogen in the late growth stage of tobacco plants.The 15N distribution rate of different parts was in the order of lower leaves > middle leaves > upper leaves > stem > roots at round top stage. On average, 76.95% of 15N were shown in leaves, 15.36% in the stems, and 7.68% in the roots. Harvesting the lower and middle leaves decreased the proportion of 15N in the leaves while increased those in the stems and roots. Comparatively, the 15N distribution to the roots and stem was higher than to the leaves under D2 resulting in a stronger plants.The nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) of flue-cured tobacco decreased as the plant aged. NUE of plants grown under D2 was the highest in various periods among all treatments, but the difference between D2 and D3 was not significant in the late growth period. As the planting density was raised, the tobacco leaf yield increased, but the percentage of high-grade leaves decreased significantly. The output value per unit area of D2 was the highest, followed by D3 and D1.
2018, 33(9): 930-936.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.09.008
Abstract:
Effects of low temperature stress on the physiological and biochemical properties as well as the antioxidant enzyme activities of the eggplant seedlings and the correlation among the indicators for the cold-tolerance of the plants were studied. The results indicated that cold stress reduced the content of chlorophyll in leaves but increased those of MDA, proline, soluble protein and soluble sugar in the seedlings.Meanwhile, the electric conductivity and the activities of SOD, POD and CAT also increased significantly. By moving the stressed seedlings back into normal temperature, the chlorophyll content increased slightly but remained lower than control, while the other indicators declined to the levels still higher than those of control.There were ery significant correlations existed among the indicators. The highest correlation coefficient was found between the electric conductivity and the MDA or soluble sugar content. It appeared that a day/night low temperature exposure at 10℃/5℃ would irreversibly damage the normal metabolism of the seedlings.The electric conductivity, MDA and soluble sugar seemed to be appropriate for evaluating the cold-tolerance of eggplant seedlings.
Effects of low temperature stress on the physiological and biochemical properties as well as the antioxidant enzyme activities of the eggplant seedlings and the correlation among the indicators for the cold-tolerance of the plants were studied. The results indicated that cold stress reduced the content of chlorophyll in leaves but increased those of MDA, proline, soluble protein and soluble sugar in the seedlings.Meanwhile, the electric conductivity and the activities of SOD, POD and CAT also increased significantly. By moving the stressed seedlings back into normal temperature, the chlorophyll content increased slightly but remained lower than control, while the other indicators declined to the levels still higher than those of control.There were ery significant correlations existed among the indicators. The highest correlation coefficient was found between the electric conductivity and the MDA or soluble sugar content. It appeared that a day/night low temperature exposure at 10℃/5℃ would irreversibly damage the normal metabolism of the seedlings.The electric conductivity, MDA and soluble sugar seemed to be appropriate for evaluating the cold-tolerance of eggplant seedlings.
2018, 33(9): 937-942.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.09.009
Abstract:
An SRAP marker was applied to analyze the genetic diversity of 44 accessions of Brassica juncea(L.). Thirty-one pairs of SRAP primer combinations, which amplified stable bands with clear and higher polymorphism, were selected by a preliminary screening. A total of 286 DNA bands were amplified from the 44 accessions of B. juncea by PCR amplification.Among them, 60.49% or 173 DNA bands were polymorphic.The average number of DNA bands amplified by each pair of primer combination was 9.23. The clustering analysis by NTSYS statistical software showed that the genetic similarity coefficients were in the range of 0.61-0.89 averaging 0.75. At the coefficient of 0.67, the 44 accessions were divided into 4 groups which were identical with the result obtained by the morphological classification.
An SRAP marker was applied to analyze the genetic diversity of 44 accessions of Brassica juncea(L.). Thirty-one pairs of SRAP primer combinations, which amplified stable bands with clear and higher polymorphism, were selected by a preliminary screening. A total of 286 DNA bands were amplified from the 44 accessions of B. juncea by PCR amplification.Among them, 60.49% or 173 DNA bands were polymorphic.The average number of DNA bands amplified by each pair of primer combination was 9.23. The clustering analysis by NTSYS statistical software showed that the genetic similarity coefficients were in the range of 0.61-0.89 averaging 0.75. At the coefficient of 0.67, the 44 accessions were divided into 4 groups which were identical with the result obtained by the morphological classification.
2018, 33(9): 943-949.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.09.010
Abstract:
A functional annotation as peroxidase (POD) gene (i.e., c47620.graph_c0) was screened from the transcriptomic sequencing of Cucurbita pepo. It was found that thesequence length was 1 245 bp, including a 996bp open reading frame (ORF) encoded a protein of 331 amino acids. The protein had a predicted molecular weight of 35.70 kDa and a hypothetical isoelectric point of 5.40. The similarity of the proteins to the homologous proteins of cucumber, melon and balsam pear were 84%, 84% and 81%, respectively, witha highly conservative nature. It was designated as CpPOD1 gene with a GenBank accession code of MF988285. The RTqPCR revealed the geneto betissue-specific, andits expression in C. pepo highest in the leaves, followed by roots and flowers. Under low temperature and dim light, the CpPOD1 expression was up-regulated over time. It suggested that the gene expression correlatedwith the low temperature/dim light stress as C. pepo regulated the downstream responses. This study could lead to further understanding of the function of CpPOD1 gene inzucchinion cold-and-low-lighttolerance and the regulation mechanism providing evidence and theoretical basis for improved breeding of C. pepo.
A functional annotation as peroxidase (POD) gene (i.e., c47620.graph_c0) was screened from the transcriptomic sequencing of Cucurbita pepo. It was found that thesequence length was 1 245 bp, including a 996bp open reading frame (ORF) encoded a protein of 331 amino acids. The protein had a predicted molecular weight of 35.70 kDa and a hypothetical isoelectric point of 5.40. The similarity of the proteins to the homologous proteins of cucumber, melon and balsam pear were 84%, 84% and 81%, respectively, witha highly conservative nature. It was designated as CpPOD1 gene with a GenBank accession code of MF988285. The RTqPCR revealed the geneto betissue-specific, andits expression in C. pepo highest in the leaves, followed by roots and flowers. Under low temperature and dim light, the CpPOD1 expression was up-regulated over time. It suggested that the gene expression correlatedwith the low temperature/dim light stress as C. pepo regulated the downstream responses. This study could lead to further understanding of the function of CpPOD1 gene inzucchinion cold-and-low-lighttolerance and the regulation mechanism providing evidence and theoretical basis for improved breeding of C. pepo.
2018, 33(9): 950-956.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.09.011
Abstract:
To optimize the tissue culture and rapid propagation of Benihoppe strawberry, effects of basic medium and plant growth regulators on the induction, proliferation and rooting of the adventitious buds were studied. The results showed that the disinfection of the strawberry stem tips with 75% alcohol for 30 s and 0.1% HgCl2 for 7 min satisfactorily rendered a survival rate of the tissue up to 90%. The bud induction was affected by the following factors in the order of basic medium > 6-BA > IBA > NAA. The best medium for the highest induction rate of 92%consisted of MS+ 6-BA 2.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.3 mg·L-1+IBA 0.3 mg·L-1. The effects of the 3 plant growth regulators in the proliferation stage ranked 6-BA > GA3 > IBA with the optimal medium containing MS+6-BA 0.50 mg·L-1+IBA 0.08 mg·L-1+GA30.10 mg·L-1 resulting in a proliferation coefficient of 13.97. For the rooting, the effects were found to be in the order of basic medium > IBA > sucrose, and the optimal medium to be 1/2 MS+sucrose 30 g·L-1+IBA 0.4 g·L-1 to yield a rooting index of 35.40. The best basic medium was peat:perlite at 1:1 ratio that provided a seedling survival rate of 93.33%.The plant growth regulator and concentration used in this experiment further improved the induction and proliferation of Benihoppe strawberry, and obtained a good rooting index and seedling survival rate, and further optimized the rapid propagation system of Benihoppe strawberry.
To optimize the tissue culture and rapid propagation of Benihoppe strawberry, effects of basic medium and plant growth regulators on the induction, proliferation and rooting of the adventitious buds were studied. The results showed that the disinfection of the strawberry stem tips with 75% alcohol for 30 s and 0.1% HgCl2 for 7 min satisfactorily rendered a survival rate of the tissue up to 90%. The bud induction was affected by the following factors in the order of basic medium > 6-BA > IBA > NAA. The best medium for the highest induction rate of 92%consisted of MS+ 6-BA 2.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.3 mg·L-1+IBA 0.3 mg·L-1. The effects of the 3 plant growth regulators in the proliferation stage ranked 6-BA > GA3 > IBA with the optimal medium containing MS+6-BA 0.50 mg·L-1+IBA 0.08 mg·L-1+GA30.10 mg·L-1 resulting in a proliferation coefficient of 13.97. For the rooting, the effects were found to be in the order of basic medium > IBA > sucrose, and the optimal medium to be 1/2 MS+sucrose 30 g·L-1+IBA 0.4 g·L-1 to yield a rooting index of 35.40. The best basic medium was peat:perlite at 1:1 ratio that provided a seedling survival rate of 93.33%.The plant growth regulator and concentration used in this experiment further improved the induction and proliferation of Benihoppe strawberry, and obtained a good rooting index and seedling survival rate, and further optimized the rapid propagation system of Benihoppe strawberry.
2018, 33(9): 957-962.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.09.012
Abstract:
Construction of near-isogenic lines(NILs) is an effective mean for analyzing blast-resistance genes as well as genetic research in general. This study applied the broad-spectrum blast-resistant japonica variety, Yunyin, as the donor parent and the blast-susceptible variety, LTH, as the recurrent parent. Combining the molecular markers assisted selection and artificial inoculation, 7 blast-resistant NILs were bred with LTH for the genetic background analysis after 4 generations of backcrossing and 8 generations of self-crossing.184 pairs of SSR markers evenly distributed on 12 chromosomes of the rice were selected to evaluate the genetic background of the NILs. The results showed that 72 pairs of SSR primers to be polymorphic with a frequency of 39.1%. The polymorphisms between 7 NILs and LTH were analyzed by markers among the parents. The background recovery rates of W15 and W17 were 97.61%, that of W18, 97.22%, and those of other 4 lines, greater than 98%. It appeared that the construction of NILs carrying Yunyin blast-resistance gene with LTH as background were successful, and that all phenotypic indices of the NILs recovered well in this study.
Construction of near-isogenic lines(NILs) is an effective mean for analyzing blast-resistance genes as well as genetic research in general. This study applied the broad-spectrum blast-resistant japonica variety, Yunyin, as the donor parent and the blast-susceptible variety, LTH, as the recurrent parent. Combining the molecular markers assisted selection and artificial inoculation, 7 blast-resistant NILs were bred with LTH for the genetic background analysis after 4 generations of backcrossing and 8 generations of self-crossing.184 pairs of SSR markers evenly distributed on 12 chromosomes of the rice were selected to evaluate the genetic background of the NILs. The results showed that 72 pairs of SSR primers to be polymorphic with a frequency of 39.1%. The polymorphisms between 7 NILs and LTH were analyzed by markers among the parents. The background recovery rates of W15 and W17 were 97.61%, that of W18, 97.22%, and those of other 4 lines, greater than 98%. It appeared that the construction of NILs carrying Yunyin blast-resistance gene with LTH as background were successful, and that all phenotypic indices of the NILs recovered well in this study.
2018, 33(9): 963-968.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.09.013
Abstract:
Tomato spotted wilt disease caused by tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) has resulted seriously yield and quality losses in vegetables and flowers in China. In this study, nucleocapsid protein N gene and membrane polysaccharide protein Gn gene of TSWV were cloned into prokaryotic expression vectors, respectively. The plasmids were transformed into Rosetta(DE3) cells for expression of N or Gn proteins, which were used as immunogens to immunize New Zealand white rabbits, then the polyclonal antibodies against N and Gn proteins were successfully prepared. Western blot analysis showed that the polyclonal antibody against N protein could bind to the N protein specifically. Indirect ELISA showed that the titer of antiserum against N protein was about 1:12 800. However, the specificity of antibody against Gn protein was poor, and the titer was not detected. The polyclonal antibody against N protein has been prepared successfully, and it can be a useful reagent for disease diagnosis in field, the research of virus localization in insect body and the interaction of virus and insect vector.
Tomato spotted wilt disease caused by tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) has resulted seriously yield and quality losses in vegetables and flowers in China. In this study, nucleocapsid protein N gene and membrane polysaccharide protein Gn gene of TSWV were cloned into prokaryotic expression vectors, respectively. The plasmids were transformed into Rosetta(DE3) cells for expression of N or Gn proteins, which were used as immunogens to immunize New Zealand white rabbits, then the polyclonal antibodies against N and Gn proteins were successfully prepared. Western blot analysis showed that the polyclonal antibody against N protein could bind to the N protein specifically. Indirect ELISA showed that the titer of antiserum against N protein was about 1:12 800. However, the specificity of antibody against Gn protein was poor, and the titer was not detected. The polyclonal antibody against N protein has been prepared successfully, and it can be a useful reagent for disease diagnosis in field, the research of virus localization in insect body and the interaction of virus and insect vector.
2018, 33(9): 969-974.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.09.014
Abstract:
A chewable dietary fiber tablet product made of wheat bran and mushroom (Pleurotus Geesteranus) powder by compression was studied. The rotational speed, filling depth and stowing pressure in compressing the ingredients were optimized against the weight deviation, disintegration time, hardness and friability of the tablets formedusing the response surface methodology. The optimized tablet formation was obtained with a rotational speed of 25 r·min-1 to make tablets of 10 mm thick under 24 kN stowing pressure.
A chewable dietary fiber tablet product made of wheat bran and mushroom (Pleurotus Geesteranus) powder by compression was studied. The rotational speed, filling depth and stowing pressure in compressing the ingredients were optimized against the weight deviation, disintegration time, hardness and friability of the tablets formedusing the response surface methodology. The optimized tablet formation was obtained with a rotational speed of 25 r·min-1 to make tablets of 10 mm thick under 24 kN stowing pressure.
2018, 33(9): 975-979.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.09.015
Abstract:
High fructose syrup was produced from raw longan juice. Optimizations on the deproteinization, enzymatic hydrolysis and isomerization of the process were performed. The results showed the optimized deproteinization to be executed with a soluble solid content of 30% and an addition of 0.12% citric acidat a heating temperature of 70℃ for 60 min to reach a theoretical fructose and glucose content of 42.19%. For the enzymatic hydrolysis, 1.5% sucrose hydrolase was added to the juice at 60℃ for 2 h to obtain a fructose content of(18.34±0.75)% with more than 80% sucrose hydrolyzed. The isomerization was carried out with an addition of 0.1 mg·g-1 glucose isomerase at 60℃ for 60 min to arrive at a fructose content of (27.71±0.67)%. The resulting high fructose longan syrup had no less than 65% dry matters, of which 97.90% were fructose and glucose and no less than 67.20% were fructose, meeting the national standard for the product category.
High fructose syrup was produced from raw longan juice. Optimizations on the deproteinization, enzymatic hydrolysis and isomerization of the process were performed. The results showed the optimized deproteinization to be executed with a soluble solid content of 30% and an addition of 0.12% citric acidat a heating temperature of 70℃ for 60 min to reach a theoretical fructose and glucose content of 42.19%. For the enzymatic hydrolysis, 1.5% sucrose hydrolase was added to the juice at 60℃ for 2 h to obtain a fructose content of(18.34±0.75)% with more than 80% sucrose hydrolyzed. The isomerization was carried out with an addition of 0.1 mg·g-1 glucose isomerase at 60℃ for 60 min to arrive at a fructose content of (27.71±0.67)%. The resulting high fructose longan syrup had no less than 65% dry matters, of which 97.90% were fructose and glucose and no less than 67.20% were fructose, meeting the national standard for the product category.
2018, 33(9): 980-985.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.09.016
Abstract:
Submerged fermentation was employed to produce vinegar from muskmelon fruits. The fermentation process was optimized using response surface and orthogonal experiments. The results showed that the optimal process was conducted with aninitial alcohol content of 7%, a mixer rotational speed at 155 r·min-1 and an addition of 9.5% acetobacter inoculum at 36℃ for 5 days. Under these conditions, the acidity of the resulting muskmelon vinegar was 5.33%. The light yellowish vinegar appeared clear with a pleasant sweet and acidic aroma.
Submerged fermentation was employed to produce vinegar from muskmelon fruits. The fermentation process was optimized using response surface and orthogonal experiments. The results showed that the optimal process was conducted with aninitial alcohol content of 7%, a mixer rotational speed at 155 r·min-1 and an addition of 9.5% acetobacter inoculum at 36℃ for 5 days. Under these conditions, the acidity of the resulting muskmelon vinegar was 5.33%. The light yellowish vinegar appeared clear with a pleasant sweet and acidic aroma.
2018, 33(9): 986-993.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.09.017
Abstract:
From a field survey at 25 plantations in Datian County, the iron and manganese contents in layers of soil and one-bud-2-leaves from the bushes grown on same sampling spots were determined. The distribution and factors affecting the variations on the mineral contents were analyzed.The average contents of total iron, available iron, total manganese and available manganese in the soil were 61.08 g·kg-1, 144.42 mg·kg-1, 258.97 mg·kg-1 and 33.72 mg·kg-1, respectively. The soil in the region were relatively rich in total and available iron, but low in those of total and available manganese.Nearly half of the soils sampled in the region was considered deficient in manganese. There was no significant difference in total iron in the 0-60 cm layer but richly accumulated in 20-40 cm.The available iron as well as the total and available manganese in soil decreased with depth below the surface.In the soil, the organic matters, pH, total and rapidly available phosphorus were important factors affecting the iron content; whereas, the total and available manganese closely related to the organic matters and pH. The average iron and manganese contents in the tea leaves were 164.52 mg·kg-1 and 849.73 mg·kg-1, respectively, and the accumulation coefficient of manganese was much higher than that of iron. The iron content in the tea leaves significantly correlated with the available iron in soil, while the manganese content with the total and available manganese in soil. The iron and manganese accumulation coefficient in the leaves decreased with increasing mineral contents inthe soil.
From a field survey at 25 plantations in Datian County, the iron and manganese contents in layers of soil and one-bud-2-leaves from the bushes grown on same sampling spots were determined. The distribution and factors affecting the variations on the mineral contents were analyzed.The average contents of total iron, available iron, total manganese and available manganese in the soil were 61.08 g·kg-1, 144.42 mg·kg-1, 258.97 mg·kg-1 and 33.72 mg·kg-1, respectively. The soil in the region were relatively rich in total and available iron, but low in those of total and available manganese.Nearly half of the soils sampled in the region was considered deficient in manganese. There was no significant difference in total iron in the 0-60 cm layer but richly accumulated in 20-40 cm.The available iron as well as the total and available manganese in soil decreased with depth below the surface.In the soil, the organic matters, pH, total and rapidly available phosphorus were important factors affecting the iron content; whereas, the total and available manganese closely related to the organic matters and pH. The average iron and manganese contents in the tea leaves were 164.52 mg·kg-1 and 849.73 mg·kg-1, respectively, and the accumulation coefficient of manganese was much higher than that of iron. The iron content in the tea leaves significantly correlated with the available iron in soil, while the manganese content with the total and available manganese in soil. The iron and manganese accumulation coefficient in the leaves decreased with increasing mineral contents inthe soil.
2018, 33(9): 994-1002.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.09.018
Abstract:
Using the Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index, the total factor productivity(TFP) of the agricultural sector in Fujian from 1993 to 2015 were calculated and compared for the evaluation of the trend of cumulative TFP and its decompositions. The results indicated that the agricultural environment TFP had grown due to technical advancement. However, the 9 localities in the province differed significantly.Putian was shown to grow the fastest, while Fuzhou, Zhangzhou, Ningde and Xiamen faster, Nanping and Quanzhou slower, and Longyan and Sanming regress. The dynamic evolutionary process analysis also showed a disparity on the TFP increases and a polarization among the regions in the province.
Using the Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index, the total factor productivity(TFP) of the agricultural sector in Fujian from 1993 to 2015 were calculated and compared for the evaluation of the trend of cumulative TFP and its decompositions. The results indicated that the agricultural environment TFP had grown due to technical advancement. However, the 9 localities in the province differed significantly.Putian was shown to grow the fastest, while Fuzhou, Zhangzhou, Ningde and Xiamen faster, Nanping and Quanzhou slower, and Longyan and Sanming regress. The dynamic evolutionary process analysis also showed a disparity on the TFP increases and a polarization among the regions in the province.
2018, 33(9): 1003-1007.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.09.019
Abstract:
Establishing farmers incubators is a significant measure to stimulate the development of modern agriculture and a useful way to increase farmers' income.Thus it's important to build a reasonable profit sharing pattern to balance the interests of stakeholder. Based on the investigation data of Fujian farmer incubators, we analyzed the influencing factors for farmers and enterprises choice on the modes of interest connection based on logistic regression analysis approach. The results showed that from the perspective of farmers, the educational background of farmers, annual per capita income of farmers, target markets, commercialization rate of agricultural products and the scale of agricultural products sold by agricultural enterprises had significant positive effects on farmers' decision-making, and the market fluctuation had significant negative effect. From the perspective of enterprises, the enterprise types, sales volume, target markets and agricultural products purchased from farmers had significant positive effects on enterprises' decision-making, and the market fluctuation had a significant negative effect.Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions on how to establish close benefit connection mechanism between farmers and enterprises.
Establishing farmers incubators is a significant measure to stimulate the development of modern agriculture and a useful way to increase farmers' income.Thus it's important to build a reasonable profit sharing pattern to balance the interests of stakeholder. Based on the investigation data of Fujian farmer incubators, we analyzed the influencing factors for farmers and enterprises choice on the modes of interest connection based on logistic regression analysis approach. The results showed that from the perspective of farmers, the educational background of farmers, annual per capita income of farmers, target markets, commercialization rate of agricultural products and the scale of agricultural products sold by agricultural enterprises had significant positive effects on farmers' decision-making, and the market fluctuation had significant negative effect. From the perspective of enterprises, the enterprise types, sales volume, target markets and agricultural products purchased from farmers had significant positive effects on enterprises' decision-making, and the market fluctuation had a significant negative effect.Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions on how to establish close benefit connection mechanism between farmers and enterprises.
