2018 Vol. 33, No. 5
Display Method:
2018, 33(5): 451-455.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.05.001
Abstract:
The immunological activity of the outer membrane protein H (Omp H) of Pasteurella multocida (Pm) was identified. Based on the published data on P. multocida strain X-73 (U50907.1), two pairs of primers were used to amplify the Omp H of P. multocida strain CVCC 44801 by PCR.The amplified fragment was determined to be 1 348 bp (ORF at 1 056 bp). The sequence alignment on Omp H of Pm70, C44-1, P52, XJ121, X-73 and P-1059 with those registered in GenBank showed a nucleotide homology between 80.2% and 98.4% and an amino acid homology between 79.6% and 98.5%. The recombinant plasmid pET-Omp H was constructed and transformed into BL21. The expressed protein was about 56 ku, which was close to the expected molecular weight. The western blot also confirmed its immunological activity. The results would provide the information for the establishment of a viable serological detection method and an applicable Omp vaccine against P. multocida.
The immunological activity of the outer membrane protein H (Omp H) of Pasteurella multocida (Pm) was identified. Based on the published data on P. multocida strain X-73 (U50907.1), two pairs of primers were used to amplify the Omp H of P. multocida strain CVCC 44801 by PCR.The amplified fragment was determined to be 1 348 bp (ORF at 1 056 bp). The sequence alignment on Omp H of Pm70, C44-1, P52, XJ121, X-73 and P-1059 with those registered in GenBank showed a nucleotide homology between 80.2% and 98.4% and an amino acid homology between 79.6% and 98.5%. The recombinant plasmid pET-Omp H was constructed and transformed into BL21. The expressed protein was about 56 ku, which was close to the expected molecular weight. The western blot also confirmed its immunological activity. The results would provide the information for the establishment of a viable serological detection method and an applicable Omp vaccine against P. multocida.
2018, 33(5): 456-462.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.05.002
Abstract:
Polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs) play a critical role in animal lipid homeostasis by regulating the expressions of lipogenic and lipolytic genes. This study attempted to decipher the effects of linoleic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in diet on the lipids and the sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) gene in meat-type ducks. Indoor-raised female Cherry Valley ducks were randomly divided into three groups to be fed each with either a basal diet, the basal diet+4% linoleic acid, or the basal diet+4% EPA. Content of lipids and abundance of SREBP1 mRNA were determined in 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks after the feeding started. The addition of linoleic acid and EPA in the diet was found to raise the contents of saturated fatty acids, PUFAs and essential fatty acids (EFA) in the duck muscles as well as those of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCHO) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the blood. The effect induced by the addition of linoleic acid was greater than that of EPA. The mRNA in liver SREBP1 declined with the added fatty acids suggesting their inhibitory effect on the transcription of the gene, with a slightly greater extent by EPA than linoleic acid. The expression of SREBP1 significantly correlated with the abdominal fat, intramuscular fat, unsaturated fatty acids, PUFA, EFA, serum TG and TCHO in the ducks. It appeared that linoleic acid, EPA and SREBP1 gene regulation interacted to affect the lipid deposit in the ducks.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs) play a critical role in animal lipid homeostasis by regulating the expressions of lipogenic and lipolytic genes. This study attempted to decipher the effects of linoleic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in diet on the lipids and the sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) gene in meat-type ducks. Indoor-raised female Cherry Valley ducks were randomly divided into three groups to be fed each with either a basal diet, the basal diet+4% linoleic acid, or the basal diet+4% EPA. Content of lipids and abundance of SREBP1 mRNA were determined in 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks after the feeding started. The addition of linoleic acid and EPA in the diet was found to raise the contents of saturated fatty acids, PUFAs and essential fatty acids (EFA) in the duck muscles as well as those of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCHO) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the blood. The effect induced by the addition of linoleic acid was greater than that of EPA. The mRNA in liver SREBP1 declined with the added fatty acids suggesting their inhibitory effect on the transcription of the gene, with a slightly greater extent by EPA than linoleic acid. The expression of SREBP1 significantly correlated with the abdominal fat, intramuscular fat, unsaturated fatty acids, PUFA, EFA, serum TG and TCHO in the ducks. It appeared that linoleic acid, EPA and SREBP1 gene regulation interacted to affect the lipid deposit in the ducks.
2018, 33(5): 463-468.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.05.003
Abstract:
Chlorella farming for shrimp aquaculture in aboveground ponds was optimized by using an experiment with single factor and orthogonal design. Factors for the evaluation included light intensity and the temperature, pH, N/P ratio, and Fe3+ concentration in the water for the algae cultivation.A maximized chlorella growth coefficient was reached in 9 to 11 ds by exposing the algae to 7 000 lx light in a pH 8.5 water medium that contained 10:1 N/P nutrients and Fe3+ 500 μg·L-1 at 25℃. Thus, at that time chlorella could be harvested for feeding the shrimps. The practice could not only reduce the cost on feed for the aquaculture, but also stabilize the water quality in the shrimp pond.
Chlorella farming for shrimp aquaculture in aboveground ponds was optimized by using an experiment with single factor and orthogonal design. Factors for the evaluation included light intensity and the temperature, pH, N/P ratio, and Fe3+ concentration in the water for the algae cultivation.A maximized chlorella growth coefficient was reached in 9 to 11 ds by exposing the algae to 7 000 lx light in a pH 8.5 water medium that contained 10:1 N/P nutrients and Fe3+ 500 μg·L-1 at 25℃. Thus, at that time chlorella could be harvested for feeding the shrimps. The practice could not only reduce the cost on feed for the aquaculture, but also stabilize the water quality in the shrimp pond.
2018, 33(5): 502-506.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.05.010
Abstract:
To optimize Perilla frutescens cultivation, field experiments with a randomized block design were conducted. Effects of row spacing, fertilization and planting by transplantation or seeding on the content and yield of essential oil of the plants were investigated. The rows were spaced 30 cm×20 cm, 25 cm×20 cm or 20 cm×20 cm. An organic fertilizer, a compound chemical fertilizer and a mixture of the two fertilizers was applied. And, either transplanting the seedlings or direct seeding to begin the plant cultivation was implemented. The results showed that planting density, fertilization and transplanting or seeding significantly affected the biomass of upper part of the plants. The highest biomass yield of 12 056 kg·hm-2 was obtained under the combined conditions of high-density planting, chemical fertilization and direct seeding. On the other hand, the greatest content of essential oil in the plants, up to 0.417%, existed with low-density planting. The oil yield was significantly affected by fertilization showing a maximum at 41.0 kg·hm-2, but it did not differ significantly by the varied planting densities.
To optimize Perilla frutescens cultivation, field experiments with a randomized block design were conducted. Effects of row spacing, fertilization and planting by transplantation or seeding on the content and yield of essential oil of the plants were investigated. The rows were spaced 30 cm×20 cm, 25 cm×20 cm or 20 cm×20 cm. An organic fertilizer, a compound chemical fertilizer and a mixture of the two fertilizers was applied. And, either transplanting the seedlings or direct seeding to begin the plant cultivation was implemented. The results showed that planting density, fertilization and transplanting or seeding significantly affected the biomass of upper part of the plants. The highest biomass yield of 12 056 kg·hm-2 was obtained under the combined conditions of high-density planting, chemical fertilization and direct seeding. On the other hand, the greatest content of essential oil in the plants, up to 0.417%, existed with low-density planting. The oil yield was significantly affected by fertilization showing a maximum at 41.0 kg·hm-2, but it did not differ significantly by the varied planting densities.
2018, 33(5): 507-511.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.05.011
Abstract:
In search of high quality forage, and at the same time, applicable grass for soil and water conservation in Fujian, Mucuna cochinchinesi Lour was selected for an adaptation trial at Jianyang city in the northern region of the province. For comparison, Glycine max cv. Keza 1 and Vigna uniguiculata (L) Walp. Minnan were used as control. In the test, M. cochinchinesis grew vigorously, performed desirably on early establishment with acceptable number of annual growing and developing days, and showed a high leaf-to-stem ratio at time of harvest. The annual fresh and dry yields of the grass reached 202.34 kg·hm-2 and 42.51 kg·hm-2, respectively, which were extremely significantly higher than those of control. It also had high nutritional value with a crude protein content as high as 21.01%. However, the main drawback of M. cochinchinesi was that it did not tolerate frost and had a limited growing season.
In search of high quality forage, and at the same time, applicable grass for soil and water conservation in Fujian, Mucuna cochinchinesi Lour was selected for an adaptation trial at Jianyang city in the northern region of the province. For comparison, Glycine max cv. Keza 1 and Vigna uniguiculata (L) Walp. Minnan were used as control. In the test, M. cochinchinesis grew vigorously, performed desirably on early establishment with acceptable number of annual growing and developing days, and showed a high leaf-to-stem ratio at time of harvest. The annual fresh and dry yields of the grass reached 202.34 kg·hm-2 and 42.51 kg·hm-2, respectively, which were extremely significantly higher than those of control. It also had high nutritional value with a crude protein content as high as 21.01%. However, the main drawback of M. cochinchinesi was that it did not tolerate frost and had a limited growing season.
2018, 33(5): 512-515.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.05.012
Abstract:
Young shoots from three varieties of Moringa plants were used to determine their low-temperature tolerances. The electrolyte leakage rates of the leaves under cold stress were fitted in a logistic equation to calculate the semi-lethal temperature (LT50) for the plants. The leakage rates were found to increase with decreasing temperature. When the low-temp treatments last 8 or 16 hours, the rate curves appeared in S-shape and fitted the model, LT50 were obtained. The calculated LT50 for the three cultivars decreased in the order of Moringa stenopetala > PKM1 > Moringa oleifera, indicating their abilities to resist low temperatures.
Young shoots from three varieties of Moringa plants were used to determine their low-temperature tolerances. The electrolyte leakage rates of the leaves under cold stress were fitted in a logistic equation to calculate the semi-lethal temperature (LT50) for the plants. The leakage rates were found to increase with decreasing temperature. When the low-temp treatments last 8 or 16 hours, the rate curves appeared in S-shape and fitted the model, LT50 were obtained. The calculated LT50 for the three cultivars decreased in the order of Moringa stenopetala > PKM1 > Moringa oleifera, indicating their abilities to resist low temperatures.
2018, 33(5): 516-519.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.05.013
Abstract:
Artificially imposed 0% (CK), 50%, 70%, 80% or 90% shading condition was applied on seedlings of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) to evaluate the effect on growth of the plants in Hainan Province. The results showed that, with 90% shading, the height, stem girth, leaf whorl distance, and leaf count of the seedlings were significantly higher than those of the plants grown under other treatments. As compared to CK, the total area and chlorophyll content of leaves increased as well with the largely shaded condition, but decreased at 50% or 70% level. In addition, 90% shading also rendered the significantly higher transplanting rate, at 91.72%. It appeared that 90% shading blocked much of the natural sunlight and lowered the surrounding temperature to significantly promote the growth and increase the leaf size and chlorophyll content of the tissue-cultured H. brasiliensis seedlings in Hainan Province.
Artificially imposed 0% (CK), 50%, 70%, 80% or 90% shading condition was applied on seedlings of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) to evaluate the effect on growth of the plants in Hainan Province. The results showed that, with 90% shading, the height, stem girth, leaf whorl distance, and leaf count of the seedlings were significantly higher than those of the plants grown under other treatments. As compared to CK, the total area and chlorophyll content of leaves increased as well with the largely shaded condition, but decreased at 50% or 70% level. In addition, 90% shading also rendered the significantly higher transplanting rate, at 91.72%. It appeared that 90% shading blocked much of the natural sunlight and lowered the surrounding temperature to significantly promote the growth and increase the leaf size and chlorophyll content of the tissue-cultured H. brasiliensis seedlings in Hainan Province.
2018, 33(5): 469-473.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.05.004
Abstract:
SRAP molecular markers were used to access the genetic diversity of 48 Dendrobium germplasms. Using 14 pairs of selected primers, 159 bands were amplified. Of the bands, 155 were polymorphic. The polymorphism rate was 90%-100% per primer, and the information content in the markers ranged abundantly from 0.718 to 0.903. Cluster analysis showed the genetic distances among the 48 cultivars to be 0.15-0.97. At the distance of 0.83, the germplasms could be classified into 7 groups. The results showed a rich genetic diversity among the germplasms.
SRAP molecular markers were used to access the genetic diversity of 48 Dendrobium germplasms. Using 14 pairs of selected primers, 159 bands were amplified. Of the bands, 155 were polymorphic. The polymorphism rate was 90%-100% per primer, and the information content in the markers ranged abundantly from 0.718 to 0.903. Cluster analysis showed the genetic distances among the 48 cultivars to be 0.15-0.97. At the distance of 0.83, the germplasms could be classified into 7 groups. The results showed a rich genetic diversity among the germplasms.
Utilizing Transcriptome of Purple Abelmoschus esculentus for Sequence Analysis on Anthocyanidin Gene
2018, 33(5): 474-480.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.05.005
Abstract:
The rich content of anthocyanidin in purple Abelmoschus esculentus renders the characteristic color of the plant and its fruits. This study used the transcriptome of the plant to study the genetics associated with the anthocyanidin biosynthesis pathway under natural conditions. The transcriptome was sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform to isolate 35 anthocyanidin unigenes from the Nr, SwissProt and GO databases. These unigenes belonged to 4 distinct gene types including 19 of anthocyanidin-related glucosyltransferases, 6 of anthocyanidin-related acyltransferases, 5 of leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenases, and 5 of anthocyanidin-related reductases. The genes were annotated by Nr and SwissProt databases to show their associations with a variety of plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, Theobroma cacao, Gossypium arboretum, Manihot esculenta, Malus domestica and Vitis vinifera. A clustering analysis indicated that the unigenes had the closest relationship with the leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase family, followed by the anthocyanin-related acyltransferases and the reductases, while the anthocyanidin-related glucosyltransferases showed the farthest homology. Identification of the 35 anthocyanidin-related unigenes would be useful for the gene cloning and analysis in studying anthocyanin biosynthesis of purple A. esculentus or other plants rich in anthocyanidin.
The rich content of anthocyanidin in purple Abelmoschus esculentus renders the characteristic color of the plant and its fruits. This study used the transcriptome of the plant to study the genetics associated with the anthocyanidin biosynthesis pathway under natural conditions. The transcriptome was sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform to isolate 35 anthocyanidin unigenes from the Nr, SwissProt and GO databases. These unigenes belonged to 4 distinct gene types including 19 of anthocyanidin-related glucosyltransferases, 6 of anthocyanidin-related acyltransferases, 5 of leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenases, and 5 of anthocyanidin-related reductases. The genes were annotated by Nr and SwissProt databases to show their associations with a variety of plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, Theobroma cacao, Gossypium arboretum, Manihot esculenta, Malus domestica and Vitis vinifera. A clustering analysis indicated that the unigenes had the closest relationship with the leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase family, followed by the anthocyanin-related acyltransferases and the reductases, while the anthocyanidin-related glucosyltransferases showed the farthest homology. Identification of the 35 anthocyanidin-related unigenes would be useful for the gene cloning and analysis in studying anthocyanin biosynthesis of purple A. esculentus or other plants rich in anthocyanidin.
2018, 33(5): 481-484.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.05.006
Abstract:
Effects of Piriformospora indica treatment on seed germination and seedling growth of Dongbi longan (Dimocarpus longan) were investigated. After a treatment with P. indica, the germination rate of the longan seeds stored at room temperature for three days increased significantly at P < 0.01. Two months after sowing, the root count and height of the seedlings significantly increased as well (P < 0.01), and the weights of branched roots, main roots, above-ground and entire plantlet all significantly increased (P < 0.05). The average length of main roots on the treated seedlings was shorter than that on control, but not significantly different. Nor was there any significant difference on leaf count. It appeared that by treating the seeds with P. indica the germination rate and seedling growth of Dongbi longan could be improved.
Effects of Piriformospora indica treatment on seed germination and seedling growth of Dongbi longan (Dimocarpus longan) were investigated. After a treatment with P. indica, the germination rate of the longan seeds stored at room temperature for three days increased significantly at P < 0.01. Two months after sowing, the root count and height of the seedlings significantly increased as well (P < 0.01), and the weights of branched roots, main roots, above-ground and entire plantlet all significantly increased (P < 0.05). The average length of main roots on the treated seedlings was shorter than that on control, but not significantly different. Nor was there any significant difference on leaf count. It appeared that by treating the seeds with P. indica the germination rate and seedling growth of Dongbi longan could be improved.
2018, 33(5): 485-490.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.05.007
Abstract:
Major active components in wild and cultivated Ganoderma fruiting bodies were determined for comparison. Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) identified the selected wild strains, YX and ZJ, to be Ganoderma sp. with a high homology. The chemical analysis showed the polysaccharide content in the fruiting bodies of YX to be 7.93 mg·g-1, which was 77% of that of the cultivated counterparts (10.25 mg·g-1); the triterpenes of YX to be 7.16 mg·g-1, which was also 77% of that of the cultivated fruiting bodies (9.30 mg·g-1); the polysaccharides in ZJ fruiting bodies to be 5.34 mg·g-1, which was 87% of the cultivated counterparts (6.72 mg·g-1); and, the triterpenes of ZJ to be 9.30 mg·g-1, which was 75% of the cultivated fruiting bodies (10.66 mg·g-1). HPLC showed the ganoderic acid F in the fruiting bodies of the cultured Ganoderma to be significantly higher than that in the wild of a same strain as well. The results demonstrated a distinctive difference on the active ingredients between the G.lucidum grown in the wild and that cultivated artificially which could be of interest for marketing and breeding of the fungal material used as a dietary supplement.
Major active components in wild and cultivated Ganoderma fruiting bodies were determined for comparison. Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) identified the selected wild strains, YX and ZJ, to be Ganoderma sp. with a high homology. The chemical analysis showed the polysaccharide content in the fruiting bodies of YX to be 7.93 mg·g-1, which was 77% of that of the cultivated counterparts (10.25 mg·g-1); the triterpenes of YX to be 7.16 mg·g-1, which was also 77% of that of the cultivated fruiting bodies (9.30 mg·g-1); the polysaccharides in ZJ fruiting bodies to be 5.34 mg·g-1, which was 87% of the cultivated counterparts (6.72 mg·g-1); and, the triterpenes of ZJ to be 9.30 mg·g-1, which was 75% of the cultivated fruiting bodies (10.66 mg·g-1). HPLC showed the ganoderic acid F in the fruiting bodies of the cultured Ganoderma to be significantly higher than that in the wild of a same strain as well. The results demonstrated a distinctive difference on the active ingredients between the G.lucidum grown in the wild and that cultivated artificially which could be of interest for marketing and breeding of the fungal material used as a dietary supplement.
2018, 33(5): 491-494.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.05.008
Abstract:
The in vitro growth characteristics of tissue cultured plantlets and the growth, biomass increase and dry matter content of 200-day-old seedlings of three varieties of Anoectochilus roxburghii were compared. The appearance and stem girth of the in vitro Hongxia and Yuanye plantlets were superior to those of Jianye. Among the 200-day-old seedlings, Hongxia had an outstanding appearance and the largest fresh weight yield and dry matters per unit area among the 3 cultivars. Overall, Hongxia was rated most desirable, followed by Yuanye and Jianye, for scaleup cultivation.
The in vitro growth characteristics of tissue cultured plantlets and the growth, biomass increase and dry matter content of 200-day-old seedlings of three varieties of Anoectochilus roxburghii were compared. The appearance and stem girth of the in vitro Hongxia and Yuanye plantlets were superior to those of Jianye. Among the 200-day-old seedlings, Hongxia had an outstanding appearance and the largest fresh weight yield and dry matters per unit area among the 3 cultivars. Overall, Hongxia was rated most desirable, followed by Yuanye and Jianye, for scaleup cultivation.
2018, 33(5): 495-501.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.05.009
Abstract:
Conditions of tissue culture for Anoectochilus roxburghii were optimized to maximize the content of effective substances in the plantlets. The tissues were cultivated in test tubes containing a basal medium of MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.2 mg·L-1+KT 1.5 mg·L-1+agar 7 g·L-1+glucose 25 g·L-1. Effects of various organic additives, activated carbon additions and light exposures on the accumulation of polysaccharides and total flavonoids during the growth periods of the plantlets were studied using a L9 (34) orthogonal experimental design. It was found that the treatment effects were in the order of:light > additives > activated carbon. The average increases on the target substances by the blue light exposure were significantly higher than those by the white or red light (P < 0.05). The increases by adding banana mud to the basal medium were significantly greater than the addition of either apple juice or carrot juice (P < 0.05). And, the gains by inclusion of 1.0 g·L-1 of activated carbon in the medium were significantly higher than those at 1.5 g·L-1 level (P < 0.05). Thus, it was concluded that an optimal production of polysaccharides and flavonoids in the plantlets could be achieved by a combination of the following ingredients in the medium under blue light:MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.2 mg·L-1+ KT1.5 mg·L-1+agar 7 g·L-1+glucose 25 g·L-1+banana puree 100 g·L-1+activated carbon 1.0 g·L-1.
Conditions of tissue culture for Anoectochilus roxburghii were optimized to maximize the content of effective substances in the plantlets. The tissues were cultivated in test tubes containing a basal medium of MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.2 mg·L-1+KT 1.5 mg·L-1+agar 7 g·L-1+glucose 25 g·L-1. Effects of various organic additives, activated carbon additions and light exposures on the accumulation of polysaccharides and total flavonoids during the growth periods of the plantlets were studied using a L9 (34) orthogonal experimental design. It was found that the treatment effects were in the order of:light > additives > activated carbon. The average increases on the target substances by the blue light exposure were significantly higher than those by the white or red light (P < 0.05). The increases by adding banana mud to the basal medium were significantly greater than the addition of either apple juice or carrot juice (P < 0.05). And, the gains by inclusion of 1.0 g·L-1 of activated carbon in the medium were significantly higher than those at 1.5 g·L-1 level (P < 0.05). Thus, it was concluded that an optimal production of polysaccharides and flavonoids in the plantlets could be achieved by a combination of the following ingredients in the medium under blue light:MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.2 mg·L-1+ KT1.5 mg·L-1+agar 7 g·L-1+glucose 25 g·L-1+banana puree 100 g·L-1+activated carbon 1.0 g·L-1.
2018, 33(5): 520-524.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.05.014
Abstract:
The predatory ability and functional response of Serangium japonicum on Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera:Aleyrodidae) were evaluated in the laboratory, and potential of the predator in controlling the pest was estimated with a semi-field cage experiment. The results showed that the adults and all-age instar larvae of S. japonicum could prey on B. tabaci of all life stages. The daily average numbers of the egg and the 1st to the 4th nymph of the pest consumed by a female adult S. japonicum were 640.8, 514.4, 306.0, 136.1 and 70.4, respectively. The average daily consumptions of a 1st to a 4th larva of S. japonicum on B. tabaci eggs were 57.8, 133.7, 403.7 and 660.9, respectively. The functional response of female adult S. japonicum on B. tabaci eggs was determined to be Holling Ⅱ type, while the attack rate (α), handling time per egg (Th) and maximum consumption per day (1/h) were calculated to be 1.0144, 0.0007 and 1366.78, respectively. Six weeks after releasing one, 3 and 5 pairs of S. japonicum per eggplant in the cage, the controlling efficacies were 55.31%, 73.25% and 84.33%, respectively, on adult pests, and, 53.82%, 83.14% and 91.79%, respectively, on immature B. tabaci (including eggs and nymphs), as compared to CK (no release of the predatory insects).
The predatory ability and functional response of Serangium japonicum on Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera:Aleyrodidae) were evaluated in the laboratory, and potential of the predator in controlling the pest was estimated with a semi-field cage experiment. The results showed that the adults and all-age instar larvae of S. japonicum could prey on B. tabaci of all life stages. The daily average numbers of the egg and the 1st to the 4th nymph of the pest consumed by a female adult S. japonicum were 640.8, 514.4, 306.0, 136.1 and 70.4, respectively. The average daily consumptions of a 1st to a 4th larva of S. japonicum on B. tabaci eggs were 57.8, 133.7, 403.7 and 660.9, respectively. The functional response of female adult S. japonicum on B. tabaci eggs was determined to be Holling Ⅱ type, while the attack rate (α), handling time per egg (Th) and maximum consumption per day (1/h) were calculated to be 1.0144, 0.0007 and 1366.78, respectively. Six weeks after releasing one, 3 and 5 pairs of S. japonicum per eggplant in the cage, the controlling efficacies were 55.31%, 73.25% and 84.33%, respectively, on adult pests, and, 53.82%, 83.14% and 91.79%, respectively, on immature B. tabaci (including eggs and nymphs), as compared to CK (no release of the predatory insects).
2018, 33(5): 525-529.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.05.015
Abstract:
Fresh leaves plucked from tea bushes of 11 varieties were preserved by freezing, hot-air drying or microwave heating to compare the retention of polyphenols, free amino acids and caffeine in the leaves. The two-dimensional point set distribution and principal component analyses were performed to determine the data variances among the samples. The results showed that the contents of polyphenols, EGCG, EC, ECG, aspartate, arginine, serine and cystine were significantly lower in the tea leaves treated by hot-air than by freezing. Either microwaved or frozen leaves could largely retain the original composition. However, being convenient and efficient in handling and for preservation, the microwave method was recommended for the application.
Fresh leaves plucked from tea bushes of 11 varieties were preserved by freezing, hot-air drying or microwave heating to compare the retention of polyphenols, free amino acids and caffeine in the leaves. The two-dimensional point set distribution and principal component analyses were performed to determine the data variances among the samples. The results showed that the contents of polyphenols, EGCG, EC, ECG, aspartate, arginine, serine and cystine were significantly lower in the tea leaves treated by hot-air than by freezing. Either microwaved or frozen leaves could largely retain the original composition. However, being convenient and efficient in handling and for preservation, the microwave method was recommended for the application.
2018, 33(5): 530-533.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.05.016
Abstract:
To establish an immunoassay method on salidroside (SAL), it is necessary to firstly create a complete SAL antigen. This study applied the sodium periodate oxidation method to synthesize the immunizing antigen, SAL-BSA, and the coating antigen, SAL-OVA, which were positively identified by means of ultraviolet spectrum and SDS-PAGE. Subsequently, lab mice were immunized with the SAL-BSA to produce antiserum against SAL. The antibody titer was, then, determined by indirect ELISA. The results showed that SAL was conjugated with BSA/OVA in a ratio of 7:1, and the serum antigen titer reached 1:4 000. With the complete SAL antigen successfully synthesized, the preparation of monoclonal antibodies for the establishment of an applicable immunoassay methodology became possible.
To establish an immunoassay method on salidroside (SAL), it is necessary to firstly create a complete SAL antigen. This study applied the sodium periodate oxidation method to synthesize the immunizing antigen, SAL-BSA, and the coating antigen, SAL-OVA, which were positively identified by means of ultraviolet spectrum and SDS-PAGE. Subsequently, lab mice were immunized with the SAL-BSA to produce antiserum against SAL. The antibody titer was, then, determined by indirect ELISA. The results showed that SAL was conjugated with BSA/OVA in a ratio of 7:1, and the serum antigen titer reached 1:4 000. With the complete SAL antigen successfully synthesized, the preparation of monoclonal antibodies for the establishment of an applicable immunoassay methodology became possible.
2018, 33(5): 534-537.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.05.017
Abstract:
Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo, along with the DPPH radical scavenging test in vitro, was used to evaluate the anti-oxidative activity of Chlorophyllum molybdites. The results showed that the C. molybdites fermentation broth increased the resistance of the nematodes to oxidative stress. At 0.5 mg·mL-1, the broth extended the mean lifespan of the paraquat-treated C. elegans 70% longer as compared to that of CK. The anti-oxidative activity of the water extract of immature fruitbodies was greater than that of the mature fruitbodies of C. molybdites. When treated with the water extract of immature mushrooms at 0.5 and 1.0 mg·mL-1, the mean lifespans of the nematodes were 4.85 d and 5.06 d, respectively, which were significantly longer than that of CK. The DPPH scavenging rate of the fermentation broth was the highest, at 98.14%, followed by that of the water extract of mature fruitbodies, at 92.86%, and that of the water extract of immature fruitbodies, at 85.71%. The findings suggested that C. molybdites could potentially be a new source for producing antioxidant from a biomaterial.
Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo, along with the DPPH radical scavenging test in vitro, was used to evaluate the anti-oxidative activity of Chlorophyllum molybdites. The results showed that the C. molybdites fermentation broth increased the resistance of the nematodes to oxidative stress. At 0.5 mg·mL-1, the broth extended the mean lifespan of the paraquat-treated C. elegans 70% longer as compared to that of CK. The anti-oxidative activity of the water extract of immature fruitbodies was greater than that of the mature fruitbodies of C. molybdites. When treated with the water extract of immature mushrooms at 0.5 and 1.0 mg·mL-1, the mean lifespans of the nematodes were 4.85 d and 5.06 d, respectively, which were significantly longer than that of CK. The DPPH scavenging rate of the fermentation broth was the highest, at 98.14%, followed by that of the water extract of mature fruitbodies, at 92.86%, and that of the water extract of immature fruitbodies, at 85.71%. The findings suggested that C. molybdites could potentially be a new source for producing antioxidant from a biomaterial.
2018, 33(5): 538-542.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.05.018
Abstract:
To establish a QAMS methodology for simultaneous determination of quercetin and kaempferol contents in Crotalaria ferruginea, HPLC was applied on a C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with acetonitrile:0.4% CH3COOH (40:60) for the mobile phase. The column temperature was kept at 30℃ and flow rate at 1.0 mL·min-1. The eluate was detected at the wavelength of 360 nm. Quercetin was used as the internal standard to establish the relative correction factor (RCF) for the quantitative analysis of multi-components on QAMS. The RCF of kaempferol was calculated. The contents of the two compounds were measured by both the external standard method and QAMS to verify the validity of the proposed QAMS methodology. The resulting RCF showed good durability on both quercetin and kaempferol determinations. There were no significant differences between the data obtained by QAMS and by the external standard method. Consequently, this new approach was considered simple, rapid and applicable for quality control on raw material and processed products involving C. ferruginea.
To establish a QAMS methodology for simultaneous determination of quercetin and kaempferol contents in Crotalaria ferruginea, HPLC was applied on a C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with acetonitrile:0.4% CH3COOH (40:60) for the mobile phase. The column temperature was kept at 30℃ and flow rate at 1.0 mL·min-1. The eluate was detected at the wavelength of 360 nm. Quercetin was used as the internal standard to establish the relative correction factor (RCF) for the quantitative analysis of multi-components on QAMS. The RCF of kaempferol was calculated. The contents of the two compounds were measured by both the external standard method and QAMS to verify the validity of the proposed QAMS methodology. The resulting RCF showed good durability on both quercetin and kaempferol determinations. There were no significant differences between the data obtained by QAMS and by the external standard method. Consequently, this new approach was considered simple, rapid and applicable for quality control on raw material and processed products involving C. ferruginea.
2018, 33(5): 543-549.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.05.019
Abstract:
Based on the 1994-2015 agricultural input and output statistics on 16 selected cities in Hubei, the agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) of the province was calculated using the DEA-Malmquist indexing methodology. The long-term equilibrium model and short-term error correction model were established. From the perspective of TFP, the spillover effect on the regional agriculture by the infrastructure investments was studied.The results showed both long-and short-term investments on irrigation, rural roads and rural electricity had positive spillover effects. Hence, the provincial government should continue to invest in the infrastructures, strengthen the coordination on capital infusions, as well as establish an efficient mechanism on long-term investment for future development.
Based on the 1994-2015 agricultural input and output statistics on 16 selected cities in Hubei, the agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) of the province was calculated using the DEA-Malmquist indexing methodology. The long-term equilibrium model and short-term error correction model were established. From the perspective of TFP, the spillover effect on the regional agriculture by the infrastructure investments was studied.The results showed both long-and short-term investments on irrigation, rural roads and rural electricity had positive spillover effects. Hence, the provincial government should continue to invest in the infrastructures, strengthen the coordination on capital infusions, as well as establish an efficient mechanism on long-term investment for future development.
