2017 Vol. 32, No. 2
Display Method:
2017, 32(2): 107-110.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.02.001
Abstract:
Based on the previously obtained characterization on the RaDtxR gene of Riemerella anatipestifer, upstream and downstream primers were designed with BamHⅠ and Xho Ⅰ restriction enzyme sites added at the 5'-teriminal. These quence of the RaDtxR gene was amplified and cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-4T-1 to generate recombinant plasmids pGEX-4T-1-RaDtxR. Then, the expression conditions were optimized by IPTG induced by SDS-PAGE, and the biological activity identified by Western blot. SDS-PAGE and Western blot confirmed that the protein with a molecular weight approximating 51 ku was well expressed with a significant biological activity. Therefore, the highly efficient expression ofthe RaDtxR protein would provide a basis for further study associated with the specificgene.
Based on the previously obtained characterization on the RaDtxR gene of Riemerella anatipestifer, upstream and downstream primers were designed with BamHⅠ and Xho Ⅰ restriction enzyme sites added at the 5'-teriminal. These quence of the RaDtxR gene was amplified and cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-4T-1 to generate recombinant plasmids pGEX-4T-1-RaDtxR. Then, the expression conditions were optimized by IPTG induced by SDS-PAGE, and the biological activity identified by Western blot. SDS-PAGE and Western blot confirmed that the protein with a molecular weight approximating 51 ku was well expressed with a significant biological activity. Therefore, the highly efficient expression ofthe RaDtxR protein would provide a basis for further study associated with the specificgene.
2017, 32(2): 111-118.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.02.002
Abstract:
Effect of a feather peptide meal (FPM) on the nutritional value of the flesh of darkbarbel catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli) was studied. Five formulated diets with 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20% added FPM were fed to the juvenile fish for 60 d. The randomized feedingin triplicate was carried out on 30 individual fish in each group. The results showed no significant differences, among all feeding groups, in the contents of moisture, lipid, protein or ash (P>0.05) in the fish muscles. The contents of essential amino acids (EAA), non-essential amino acids (NEAA), child amino acids (CAA), total amino acids (TAA) and flavor amino acid (FAA) in the fish fed with 10% added FPM were similar to those in the control group (P>0.05), but higher than other groups with added FPM (P < 0.05). At 10% addition level, the scores on Lys, EAAI, AAS and CS of the fish flesh were the highest among all fed with added FPM, and close to those ofcontrol.The ratios of E/T and E/N on the muscle protein were higher whenthe fish were fed with less than 10% FPM (P < 0.05). Their relative contents of palm acid were significantly lower than those of fish in the groups having FPM added in feed up to 10% (P < 0.05). At less than 15% FPM addition levels, the relative contents of SFA and CIS linoleic acid in the fish flesh decreasedsignificantlywith increasing FPM (P < 0.05). Up to 10% FPM, the contents of DHA+EPA, HUFA, PUFA and (n-3) PUFA in the fish were higher than all other groups including control (P < 0.05). It was concluded that an addition of 10% of FPM could improve the nutritional value of the edible meat from the juvenile P. vachelli fed with the diet.
Effect of a feather peptide meal (FPM) on the nutritional value of the flesh of darkbarbel catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli) was studied. Five formulated diets with 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20% added FPM were fed to the juvenile fish for 60 d. The randomized feedingin triplicate was carried out on 30 individual fish in each group. The results showed no significant differences, among all feeding groups, in the contents of moisture, lipid, protein or ash (P>0.05) in the fish muscles. The contents of essential amino acids (EAA), non-essential amino acids (NEAA), child amino acids (CAA), total amino acids (TAA) and flavor amino acid (FAA) in the fish fed with 10% added FPM were similar to those in the control group (P>0.05), but higher than other groups with added FPM (P < 0.05). At 10% addition level, the scores on Lys, EAAI, AAS and CS of the fish flesh were the highest among all fed with added FPM, and close to those ofcontrol.The ratios of E/T and E/N on the muscle protein were higher whenthe fish were fed with less than 10% FPM (P < 0.05). Their relative contents of palm acid were significantly lower than those of fish in the groups having FPM added in feed up to 10% (P < 0.05). At less than 15% FPM addition levels, the relative contents of SFA and CIS linoleic acid in the fish flesh decreasedsignificantlywith increasing FPM (P < 0.05). Up to 10% FPM, the contents of DHA+EPA, HUFA, PUFA and (n-3) PUFA in the fish were higher than all other groups including control (P < 0.05). It was concluded that an addition of 10% of FPM could improve the nutritional value of the edible meat from the juvenile P. vachelli fed with the diet.
2017, 32(2): 119-123.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.02.003
Abstract:
The ramie resources (Pinghe ramie) which possessed the characteristics of high yield, strong regeneration, drought resistance, wide adaptability, used cobalt 60 γ to obtain new lines of forage ramie. After seedling planting, excellent mutant screening and variety test, it finally was bred of Pinghe ramie-2 of a high yield, good resistance, high protein content, which officially named as Minsizhu No.1 in 2012. The average annual fresh and dry grass yield were up to 138.8 t·hm-2 and 28.0 t·hm-2 respectively in 2 years and 5 points regional test, increasing 32.15% and 37.08% above Zhongsizhu No.1, the difference reached extremely significant level; The average annual yield of fresh and dry yield of Minsizhu No.1 respectively were up to 140.7 t·hm-2 and 24.7 t·hm-2 in two years productive tests, than control increasing 18.9% and 17.32%, the difference reached extremely significant level.
The ramie resources (Pinghe ramie) which possessed the characteristics of high yield, strong regeneration, drought resistance, wide adaptability, used cobalt 60 γ to obtain new lines of forage ramie. After seedling planting, excellent mutant screening and variety test, it finally was bred of Pinghe ramie-2 of a high yield, good resistance, high protein content, which officially named as Minsizhu No.1 in 2012. The average annual fresh and dry grass yield were up to 138.8 t·hm-2 and 28.0 t·hm-2 respectively in 2 years and 5 points regional test, increasing 32.15% and 37.08% above Zhongsizhu No.1, the difference reached extremely significant level; The average annual yield of fresh and dry yield of Minsizhu No.1 respectively were up to 140.7 t·hm-2 and 24.7 t·hm-2 in two years productive tests, than control increasing 18.9% and 17.32%, the difference reached extremely significant level.
2017, 32(2): 124-129.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.02.004
Abstract:
Anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) is one of the key enzymesthat catalyzes the biosynthesis that converts leucoanthocyanidin into colored anthocyanidin in plants. To study the diversity and origin of ANS, the ANS genes from 7 varieties of Hanzhong Black Rice were analyzed by PCR cloning and sequencing. Through the bioinformatics, sequences of theANS genes were compared. By constructing the NJ and homology trees, the sequence alignment of ANS protein, basic physical and chemical properties, subcellular localization, transmembrane region, signal peptide, guide peptideas well as the secondary and tertiary structures of ANS protein were studied. The results showed that the ANS genes of theserice varietiescould be divided into two categories, namely, Black Rice 1(BR1) and Black Rice 2(BR2). They had a same length on the open reading frame of 1, 128 bp encoded 375 amino acids. Their phylogenetic treessuggested that BR1 and BR2 were genetically close to other gramineous plants, such as Indica and Japonica, Indosasa hispida, and Triticum aestivum. The sequence of amino acids (AA) revealed that only the 326th AA was different between BR1 and BR2. A conserved domain search showed that the ANS protein hada 2OG-FeⅡ_Oxy domain. Its predicted tertiary structure indicated that BR1 differed from Indica, and suggested that the ANS gene might play a key role in the anthocyanin synthase. It was concluded that the ANS genewas ancient and could be served as a reference gene for species identification, and thatits presence in Hanzhong Black Rice could be one of the main reasons why the anthocyanin synthesis was found in the rice.
Anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) is one of the key enzymesthat catalyzes the biosynthesis that converts leucoanthocyanidin into colored anthocyanidin in plants. To study the diversity and origin of ANS, the ANS genes from 7 varieties of Hanzhong Black Rice were analyzed by PCR cloning and sequencing. Through the bioinformatics, sequences of theANS genes were compared. By constructing the NJ and homology trees, the sequence alignment of ANS protein, basic physical and chemical properties, subcellular localization, transmembrane region, signal peptide, guide peptideas well as the secondary and tertiary structures of ANS protein were studied. The results showed that the ANS genes of theserice varietiescould be divided into two categories, namely, Black Rice 1(BR1) and Black Rice 2(BR2). They had a same length on the open reading frame of 1, 128 bp encoded 375 amino acids. Their phylogenetic treessuggested that BR1 and BR2 were genetically close to other gramineous plants, such as Indica and Japonica, Indosasa hispida, and Triticum aestivum. The sequence of amino acids (AA) revealed that only the 326th AA was different between BR1 and BR2. A conserved domain search showed that the ANS protein hada 2OG-FeⅡ_Oxy domain. Its predicted tertiary structure indicated that BR1 differed from Indica, and suggested that the ANS gene might play a key role in the anthocyanin synthase. It was concluded that the ANS genewas ancient and could be served as a reference gene for species identification, and thatits presence in Hanzhong Black Rice could be one of the main reasons why the anthocyanin synthesis was found in the rice.
2017, 32(2): 130-133.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.02.005
Abstract:
To collect samples and information, the drought-resistant germplasms of Oryza rufipogon Griff, which are indigenous to Hainan, at the seedling stage underfield conditions as well as at heading stage in a plastic shed were indentified.The results showed that 672 accessions were drought resistance under field conditions, and 25 accessions and 2 accessions respectively were high drought resistance at the seedling stage and heading stage.They were collected from Wenchang, Haikou, Wanning and Chengmai. The results would provide a reference for further study and breeding of new drought-resistant rice varieties in the future.
To collect samples and information, the drought-resistant germplasms of Oryza rufipogon Griff, which are indigenous to Hainan, at the seedling stage underfield conditions as well as at heading stage in a plastic shed were indentified.The results showed that 672 accessions were drought resistance under field conditions, and 25 accessions and 2 accessions respectively were high drought resistance at the seedling stage and heading stage.They were collected from Wenchang, Haikou, Wanning and Chengmai. The results would provide a reference for further study and breeding of new drought-resistant rice varieties in the future.
2017, 32(2): 134-137.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.02.006
Abstract:
Genetic variants in Vitis davidii from Fuan District in Fujian were studied using the high-throughput genome sequencing method. The 8.4 Gb of raw data were analyzed to result in the identification of 3 192 484 non-redundant genetic variants. Distribution of the variants showed 30.34% in the intergenic regionand 3.67% in the exon region. By comparing the genome sequences of the V. davidii under study with those of the entire grape references, 1 863 237 homo-type SNP and 1 244 590 hetero-type SNP were found. It appeared that the V. davidii from Fuan were most likely to be allodiploidy. The study also indicated that using genetic sequencing to determine the genome-wide variants of V. davidii was a viable tool for better understanding of the genetic background of the plant in question.
Genetic variants in Vitis davidii from Fuan District in Fujian were studied using the high-throughput genome sequencing method. The 8.4 Gb of raw data were analyzed to result in the identification of 3 192 484 non-redundant genetic variants. Distribution of the variants showed 30.34% in the intergenic regionand 3.67% in the exon region. By comparing the genome sequences of the V. davidii under study with those of the entire grape references, 1 863 237 homo-type SNP and 1 244 590 hetero-type SNP were found. It appeared that the V. davidii from Fuan were most likely to be allodiploidy. The study also indicated that using genetic sequencing to determine the genome-wide variants of V. davidii was a viable tool for better understanding of the genetic background of the plant in question.
2017, 32(2): 138-143.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.02.007
Abstract:
Using ISSR molecular markers, PCR products of 36 guava germplasms were purified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and photographed the images for a UPGMA analysis to establish the genetic relationship. Out of 100 UBC series ISSR primers, 9 rich and stable polymorphic primers were selected and 165 bands amplified. Among the 165 bands, 129 were polymorphic rendering a polymorphism percentage of 78.18%. The amplified results could satisfactorily distinguish the 36 germplasms. The genetic similarity coefficient of all samples ranged from 0.70 to 0.93, averaging 0.815. At the coefficient of 0.75, the 36 germplasms were divided into 4 groups. The results were consistent with the morphological classification. Although the genetic basis for classification was weak, with the aid of ISSR molecular markers, clear identifications for the individual germplasms of the collection were obtained.
Using ISSR molecular markers, PCR products of 36 guava germplasms were purified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and photographed the images for a UPGMA analysis to establish the genetic relationship. Out of 100 UBC series ISSR primers, 9 rich and stable polymorphic primers were selected and 165 bands amplified. Among the 165 bands, 129 were polymorphic rendering a polymorphism percentage of 78.18%. The amplified results could satisfactorily distinguish the 36 germplasms. The genetic similarity coefficient of all samples ranged from 0.70 to 0.93, averaging 0.815. At the coefficient of 0.75, the 36 germplasms were divided into 4 groups. The results were consistent with the morphological classification. Although the genetic basis for classification was weak, with the aid of ISSR molecular markers, clear identifications for the individual germplasms of the collection were obtained.
2017, 32(2): 144-148.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.02.008
Abstract:
Different pruning methods were applied on Capsicum annuum L.var.grossum grown on an organic substrate to observe their effects on the morphology, photochemical activity and yield of the plants. The results showed that the photosynthetic performance indices, PIABS and PICSm, and the driving forces, DFABS and DFCSm, were significantly greater when the 3-stem-pruningwas applied. The pruning also rendered the highest leaf PSⅡ photochemical activity among all treatments.Pruning, in general, significantly affected the plant growth. The 2-stem-pruning resulted in significantly greatest plant height, stem diameter and internode length, while the 3-stem-pruning yielded the highest root/shoot ratio. Pruning also affected the fruit count per plant and single fruit weight.The 4-stem-pruning produced the highest fruit count but lowest on single fruit weight, as the 3-stem-pruning delivereda significantly higher yield (up to 2.017 kg per plant) than the other pruning methods. In addition, the 3-stem-pruning significantly increased the soluble sugar content and sugar/acid ratio inthe fruits.
Different pruning methods were applied on Capsicum annuum L.var.grossum grown on an organic substrate to observe their effects on the morphology, photochemical activity and yield of the plants. The results showed that the photosynthetic performance indices, PIABS and PICSm, and the driving forces, DFABS and DFCSm, were significantly greater when the 3-stem-pruningwas applied. The pruning also rendered the highest leaf PSⅡ photochemical activity among all treatments.Pruning, in general, significantly affected the plant growth. The 2-stem-pruning resulted in significantly greatest plant height, stem diameter and internode length, while the 3-stem-pruning yielded the highest root/shoot ratio. Pruning also affected the fruit count per plant and single fruit weight.The 4-stem-pruning produced the highest fruit count but lowest on single fruit weight, as the 3-stem-pruning delivereda significantly higher yield (up to 2.017 kg per plant) than the other pruning methods. In addition, the 3-stem-pruning significantly increased the soluble sugar content and sugar/acid ratio inthe fruits.
2017, 32(2): 149-154.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.02.009
Abstract:
Stem segments of adult Hudson Foster grapefruit plants were used as explants to study the effect of hormones on the primary culture of axillary shoots, as well as that of hormones and media on the proliferation of clustered shoots. In addition, an attempt was made to refine the techniques on rooting, hardening and transplanting of the plantlets. The results showed that :(1) the optimized medium for primary culture was WPM+1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA/L+0.2 mg·L-1 NAA/L+40 g·L-1 to achieve up to 78.33% induction rate of axillary shoots; (2) the optimized medium for subculture multiplication was WPM+0.75 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.2 mg·L-1 NAA+40 g·L-1 sucrose to reach a multiplication coefficient of 4.93 with a shoot length of 2.62 cm; (3) the optimized medium for rooting was 1/2WPM+0.1 mg·L-1 NAA+1.0 mg·L-1 IBA+40 g·L-1 sucrose+0.1% AC to obtain strong roots at a rooting rate of 63.33% with a plant height up to 3.03 cm; (4) the survival rate of transplanted plantlets after rooting was greater than 78%.
Stem segments of adult Hudson Foster grapefruit plants were used as explants to study the effect of hormones on the primary culture of axillary shoots, as well as that of hormones and media on the proliferation of clustered shoots. In addition, an attempt was made to refine the techniques on rooting, hardening and transplanting of the plantlets. The results showed that :(1) the optimized medium for primary culture was WPM+1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA/L+0.2 mg·L-1 NAA/L+40 g·L-1 to achieve up to 78.33% induction rate of axillary shoots; (2) the optimized medium for subculture multiplication was WPM+0.75 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.2 mg·L-1 NAA+40 g·L-1 sucrose to reach a multiplication coefficient of 4.93 with a shoot length of 2.62 cm; (3) the optimized medium for rooting was 1/2WPM+0.1 mg·L-1 NAA+1.0 mg·L-1 IBA+40 g·L-1 sucrose+0.1% AC to obtain strong roots at a rooting rate of 63.33% with a plant height up to 3.03 cm; (4) the survival rate of transplanted plantlets after rooting was greater than 78%.
2017, 32(2): 155-160.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.02.010
Abstract:
Valid sampling is essential to obtain reliable transcripts of genetic information for biological studies. For RNA sequencing, the integrity, purity and concentration of total RNA as well as the cDNA libraries and transcriptome sequencingon two specimens of tea shoots sampled by using two methods were compared. One of the methods was hydroponic culture (SM1), and another, dry ice freezing (SM2). The results showed that both of them yielded RNA extractions with high integrity and purity without significant differences on the measured concentrations. They were well satisfied for the subsequent transcriptome sequencing, also capable of obtaining the equivalent cDNA libraries and RNA sequencing. However, SM1 was simpler and more convenient than SM2 in handling and operation, and particularly suitable for field sampling. Aside from being used on tea, SM1 could be applied on other crops in preparing samples for extracting RNA as well.
Valid sampling is essential to obtain reliable transcripts of genetic information for biological studies. For RNA sequencing, the integrity, purity and concentration of total RNA as well as the cDNA libraries and transcriptome sequencingon two specimens of tea shoots sampled by using two methods were compared. One of the methods was hydroponic culture (SM1), and another, dry ice freezing (SM2). The results showed that both of them yielded RNA extractions with high integrity and purity without significant differences on the measured concentrations. They were well satisfied for the subsequent transcriptome sequencing, also capable of obtaining the equivalent cDNA libraries and RNA sequencing. However, SM1 was simpler and more convenient than SM2 in handling and operation, and particularly suitable for field sampling. Aside from being used on tea, SM1 could be applied on other crops in preparing samples for extracting RNA as well.
Optimization by Response Surface Methodology for Agaricus bisporus W38 Fermentation in Liquid Medium
2017, 32(2): 161-166.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.02.011
Abstract:
Based on the results obtained by a previous single factor test, medium formulation and conditions for the fermentation of Agaricus bisporus W38 were optimized by the Plackett-Burman experimental design and the central composite design with Design-Expert software. A regression equation was obtained using the response surface methodology. The optimized medium was formulated toconsistof 39.90 g·L-1, 13.60 g·L-1, K2HPO4 2.0 g·L-1, and MgSO4·7H2O 1.067 5 g·L-1. The fermentation was designed to be carried out with an initial pH of 6.5 and maintained at 24℃ with a constant shaking in flask at 180 r·min-1 for 7 d. A mycelial biomass 100 mL of 2.35 g, which was 3.05-foldof the original design, and an average mycelial growth rate improvement by 14.7% were obtained.
Based on the results obtained by a previous single factor test, medium formulation and conditions for the fermentation of Agaricus bisporus W38 were optimized by the Plackett-Burman experimental design and the central composite design with Design-Expert software. A regression equation was obtained using the response surface methodology. The optimized medium was formulated toconsistof 39.90 g·L-1, 13.60 g·L-1, K2HPO4 2.0 g·L-1, and MgSO4·7H2O 1.067 5 g·L-1. The fermentation was designed to be carried out with an initial pH of 6.5 and maintained at 24℃ with a constant shaking in flask at 180 r·min-1 for 7 d. A mycelial biomass 100 mL of 2.35 g, which was 3.05-foldof the original design, and an average mycelial growth rate improvement by 14.7% were obtained.
2017, 32(2): 167-170.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.02.012
Abstract:
After firstly trained at 15℃ for 72 h in an illuminated incubator, the 3-year-old Garcinia celebica seedlings were placed under 3, 6, or 9℃ for 36h for the experiment to observe the physiological responses of the plants to low temperatures. The contents of chlorophyll, soluble proteins and soluble sugars, as well as the activities of SOD and POD in the leaves of the seedlings were determined. It was found that the seedlings could restore their normal growth after an exposure to 6 or 9℃.Nevertheless, there were significant physiological alternations occurred to the plants due to the treatments. The contents of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b in the leaves were significantly lowered as compare to control. The soluble protein or soluble sugar content increased at 6℃ and 9℃, and peaked at 6℃. On the other hand, both of thesedecreased sharply at 3℃, and became lower than control.Meanwhile, the activities of SOD and POD in the leaves increased under 6℃ and 9℃ stresses. It was concluded that G.celebica responded to the temperatureat 6℃ or 9℃ to tolerate the cold stressby accumulating soluble proteins and sugars regulating osmosisin the tissues, and at the same time, enhancing the activities of SOD and PODfor an improved adaptability to the environmental change.
After firstly trained at 15℃ for 72 h in an illuminated incubator, the 3-year-old Garcinia celebica seedlings were placed under 3, 6, or 9℃ for 36h for the experiment to observe the physiological responses of the plants to low temperatures. The contents of chlorophyll, soluble proteins and soluble sugars, as well as the activities of SOD and POD in the leaves of the seedlings were determined. It was found that the seedlings could restore their normal growth after an exposure to 6 or 9℃.Nevertheless, there were significant physiological alternations occurred to the plants due to the treatments. The contents of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b in the leaves were significantly lowered as compare to control. The soluble protein or soluble sugar content increased at 6℃ and 9℃, and peaked at 6℃. On the other hand, both of thesedecreased sharply at 3℃, and became lower than control.Meanwhile, the activities of SOD and POD in the leaves increased under 6℃ and 9℃ stresses. It was concluded that G.celebica responded to the temperatureat 6℃ or 9℃ to tolerate the cold stressby accumulating soluble proteins and sugars regulating osmosisin the tissues, and at the same time, enhancing the activities of SOD and PODfor an improved adaptability to the environmental change.
2017, 32(2): 171-174.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.02.013
Abstract:
Min Qiukui No. 2 was a new okra cultivar of F1 generation.The variety had red veins, numerous collaterals, high yield, low-temperature tolerance, shinning fruits without setae, and long shelf life. The plant was typically 1.6 m tall with fist flower appearing on the 5th-6th node. Its violet-red fruit had 6 to 9 arrises, and was 19 cm long and 1.8cm in diameter. The averageweight of a single fruit was 25g. In a regional trial for new okra cultivarsin Fujian in 2013-2014, the average yield of Min Qiukui No.2 reached 46 681.5 kg·hm-2, which was 44.61% higher than that of Dongyuan No.2 in comparison. At the production trial in 2014-2015, the average yield was slightly lower, at 41 089.5 kg·hm-2. It was considered a new okra variety that was superior in eating quality with high yield and disease resistance.The variety was released by crops varieties approval committee of Fujian province in june 2016(Fujian cuisin 2016022).
Min Qiukui No. 2 was a new okra cultivar of F1 generation.The variety had red veins, numerous collaterals, high yield, low-temperature tolerance, shinning fruits without setae, and long shelf life. The plant was typically 1.6 m tall with fist flower appearing on the 5th-6th node. Its violet-red fruit had 6 to 9 arrises, and was 19 cm long and 1.8cm in diameter. The averageweight of a single fruit was 25g. In a regional trial for new okra cultivarsin Fujian in 2013-2014, the average yield of Min Qiukui No.2 reached 46 681.5 kg·hm-2, which was 44.61% higher than that of Dongyuan No.2 in comparison. At the production trial in 2014-2015, the average yield was slightly lower, at 41 089.5 kg·hm-2. It was considered a new okra variety that was superior in eating quality with high yield and disease resistance.The variety was released by crops varieties approval committee of Fujian province in june 2016(Fujian cuisin 2016022).
2017, 32(2): 175-179.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.02.014
Abstract:
Macroporous resins, HZ830 and D303, were used for the purification of polysaccharide extractfrom Agaricus bisporus. The evaluation criteria for the process included there movalrates of pigment and protein as well as the retention of polysaccharides in the filtrate under varied flow rates, feeding volumes and eluent flushing on the macroporous resin filtration system.The resin columns were assembled in series with either a HZ830 column in front or behind a D303 column. It was found that the best results could be achievedusing a HZ830 column followed by a D303 column andby feeding through themat a flow rate of 1.73 mL·min-1 of 5 times of the bed volume (BV, 260 mL) of a 20 mg·mL-1 polysaccharide extractat pH 8.0, the bed volume of colum were 52 mL, then flushing with 1 BV (52 mL) of water at the end. The resulting decolorization, deproteinization and polysaccharide retention rates of the filtration on thehot water mushroom extractreached 94.14%, 91.57% and 73.49%, respectively.
Macroporous resins, HZ830 and D303, were used for the purification of polysaccharide extractfrom Agaricus bisporus. The evaluation criteria for the process included there movalrates of pigment and protein as well as the retention of polysaccharides in the filtrate under varied flow rates, feeding volumes and eluent flushing on the macroporous resin filtration system.The resin columns were assembled in series with either a HZ830 column in front or behind a D303 column. It was found that the best results could be achievedusing a HZ830 column followed by a D303 column andby feeding through themat a flow rate of 1.73 mL·min-1 of 5 times of the bed volume (BV, 260 mL) of a 20 mg·mL-1 polysaccharide extractat pH 8.0, the bed volume of colum were 52 mL, then flushing with 1 BV (52 mL) of water at the end. The resulting decolorization, deproteinization and polysaccharide retention rates of the filtration on thehot water mushroom extractreached 94.14%, 91.57% and 73.49%, respectively.
2017, 32(2): 180-184.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.02.015
Abstract:
Nitrate, Nitrite and Vc contents of 28 vegetables of different categories, varieties, and/or batches collected from the local vegetable markets in Fuzhou were determined. The analytical results showed that the nitrite contents of all samples and the nitrate contents of 17 vegetables were conform to the quality requirements of pollution-free vegetables. Four vegetables were classified as high-Vc varieties containing more than Vc 56 mg·hg-1, while 6 were Vc-rich varieties with greater than Vc 20 mg·hg-1. Comprehensive evaluation of 28 vegetables were conform to the food pollutants limited requirements in national food safety standards. Among all, the cabbage, cauliflower and green peppers, which showed the lowest nitrate contents and the highest Vc of all tested samples, were deemed to be safe and of high quality varieties for the consumers.
Nitrate, Nitrite and Vc contents of 28 vegetables of different categories, varieties, and/or batches collected from the local vegetable markets in Fuzhou were determined. The analytical results showed that the nitrite contents of all samples and the nitrate contents of 17 vegetables were conform to the quality requirements of pollution-free vegetables. Four vegetables were classified as high-Vc varieties containing more than Vc 56 mg·hg-1, while 6 were Vc-rich varieties with greater than Vc 20 mg·hg-1. Comprehensive evaluation of 28 vegetables were conform to the food pollutants limited requirements in national food safety standards. Among all, the cabbage, cauliflower and green peppers, which showed the lowest nitrate contents and the highest Vc of all tested samples, were deemed to be safe and of high quality varieties for the consumers.
2017, 32(2): 185-188.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.02.016
Abstract:
Using the clubroot-resistant Chinese Cabbage CCR001, the disease-susceptible Baby Cabbage CM002, and their F1, F2 and BC1 off springs, inheritance of the disease-resistance in thevegetables was studied.It appeared that the inheritance followed the Mendelian theorem, as the clubroot-resistance in the cabbages was controlled by a single dominant gene. The molecular markers-assisted selection with a soil bacterial inoculation confirmed that the disease-resistance indeedpassed on from the parents, and was inherited in F1 and F2. The result also indicated a feasibility of using the method in breeding cabbages with the resistance to clubroot infection.
Using the clubroot-resistant Chinese Cabbage CCR001, the disease-susceptible Baby Cabbage CM002, and their F1, F2 and BC1 off springs, inheritance of the disease-resistance in thevegetables was studied.It appeared that the inheritance followed the Mendelian theorem, as the clubroot-resistance in the cabbages was controlled by a single dominant gene. The molecular markers-assisted selection with a soil bacterial inoculation confirmed that the disease-resistance indeedpassed on from the parents, and was inherited in F1 and F2. The result also indicated a feasibility of using the method in breeding cabbages with the resistance to clubroot infection.
2017, 32(2): 189-194.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.02.017
Abstract:
This study attempted to find a microorganism that could be effectively used for the bio-control of the major pestinsect, Phyllotreta striolata, on vegetables.Metarhizium anisopliae is known as apathogenic fungus that infects the pest. This experimentation evaluated the virulence of 8 M. anisopliae strains against P. striolata. One strainthat exhibited a high activity was Ma6. The bioassay showed a LT50 on adult P. striolata inoculated with 8.0×108 Ma6 spores·mL-1 at 25℃ to be 4.09 d, and a 100% cumulative mortality rateat 25℃ for 7 d. It was, thus, concluded that Ma6 could be a potential candidate for the pest control. Subsequently, studies showed that the optimum medium for the hyphal growth and sporulation of Ma6 was PDA at 25℃ and pH 7.0 with 6 d in the dark followed by 8 d of sun exposure.
This study attempted to find a microorganism that could be effectively used for the bio-control of the major pestinsect, Phyllotreta striolata, on vegetables.Metarhizium anisopliae is known as apathogenic fungus that infects the pest. This experimentation evaluated the virulence of 8 M. anisopliae strains against P. striolata. One strainthat exhibited a high activity was Ma6. The bioassay showed a LT50 on adult P. striolata inoculated with 8.0×108 Ma6 spores·mL-1 at 25℃ to be 4.09 d, and a 100% cumulative mortality rateat 25℃ for 7 d. It was, thus, concluded that Ma6 could be a potential candidate for the pest control. Subsequently, studies showed that the optimum medium for the hyphal growth and sporulation of Ma6 was PDA at 25℃ and pH 7.0 with 6 d in the dark followed by 8 d of sun exposure.
2017, 32(2): 195-200.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.02.018
Abstract:
The growth characteristics of alligator weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides, and the larvae development and adult feeding habit of Agasicles hygrophila under elevated atmospheric CO2 were investigated.Three CO2 concentrations, i.e., 420, 550 and 750 μL·L-1, were applied in a closed chamber for the experiment.It was found that A.philoxeroides grew faster at higher CO2 concentrations.On the 42nd day, the heights of the weeds were 35.60 cm and 40.04 cm at 550 μL·L-1 CO2 and 750 μL·L-1 CO2, respectively.As compared to that of control (19.83 cm), the weed height was 1.75 times higher under 550 μL·L-1 CO2, and two times higher under 750 μL·L-1 CO2.In an elevated CO2 environment, the leaves of the weeds showed increases on the SPAD, photosynthesis, soluble sugars, and C/N ratio, but decreases on the nitrogen-containing compounds (such as, proteins and amino acids) and the tannin content.When fed on A.philoxeroides under elevated CO2, the weight of A.hygrophila larvae was higher than that of control, while the emerged adults, male or female, appeared to prefer A.philoxeroides grown under 750μL·L-1 CO2.
The growth characteristics of alligator weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides, and the larvae development and adult feeding habit of Agasicles hygrophila under elevated atmospheric CO2 were investigated.Three CO2 concentrations, i.e., 420, 550 and 750 μL·L-1, were applied in a closed chamber for the experiment.It was found that A.philoxeroides grew faster at higher CO2 concentrations.On the 42nd day, the heights of the weeds were 35.60 cm and 40.04 cm at 550 μL·L-1 CO2 and 750 μL·L-1 CO2, respectively.As compared to that of control (19.83 cm), the weed height was 1.75 times higher under 550 μL·L-1 CO2, and two times higher under 750 μL·L-1 CO2.In an elevated CO2 environment, the leaves of the weeds showed increases on the SPAD, photosynthesis, soluble sugars, and C/N ratio, but decreases on the nitrogen-containing compounds (such as, proteins and amino acids) and the tannin content.When fed on A.philoxeroides under elevated CO2, the weight of A.hygrophila larvae was higher than that of control, while the emerged adults, male or female, appeared to prefer A.philoxeroides grown under 750μL·L-1 CO2.
2017, 32(2): 201-205.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.02.019
Abstract:
Ninety chili pepper samplesinfectedbyroot rot disease were collected from Changle, Fuqing and Minhou counties in Fuzhou during 2015 to 2016 to identify the causitive fungal pathogens.Three hundred and twenty-seven strains were isolated. Based upon their origins, cultural characteristics and morphologies, these isolates were classified into 7 groups including 2 from Changle, 2 from Fuqing, and 3 from Minhou. Through pathogenic and rDNA-ITS sequence analyses, B1, B2 and B3 were determined to be pathogenic and highly homologous with Fusarium solani (KT271766.1) in phylogeny at 99% degree of confidence.
Ninety chili pepper samplesinfectedbyroot rot disease were collected from Changle, Fuqing and Minhou counties in Fuzhou during 2015 to 2016 to identify the causitive fungal pathogens.Three hundred and twenty-seven strains were isolated. Based upon their origins, cultural characteristics and morphologies, these isolates were classified into 7 groups including 2 from Changle, 2 from Fuqing, and 3 from Minhou. Through pathogenic and rDNA-ITS sequence analyses, B1, B2 and B3 were determined to be pathogenic and highly homologous with Fusarium solani (KT271766.1) in phylogeny at 99% degree of confidence.
2017, 32(2): 206-211.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.02.020
Abstract:
Addition of microbial agents to the sludge collected in the city of Fuqing for composting was investigated. Changes on the surface and center temperatures, contents of moisture, humus acid, organic matters, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium, as well as the seed germination rate index (GI) of the compost during the fermentation process were monitored as the sewage sludge was mixed with plant ash, chicken manure, Bacillus subtilis (Agent A, Treatment T1) and/or BFA humus acid (Agents B, Treatment T2). The results showed that (a) T1 and T2 rendered the compost to reach a higher maximin temperature faster and maintain it longer than CK did; (b) the moisture content in compost decreased as the fermentation progressed, with the greatest reduction by T2 at 22.9%, followed by T1 at 19.6% and CK at 16.9%; (c) after 40 d composting, the humus acids, organic matters, total nitrogen and total potassium contents in the composts were higher with T1 or T2 than CK; and (d) the 40 d fermentation resulted in GIs by all treatments greater than 50%, and that of T2 beyond 80% achievinga maximal degree of composting effect.
Addition of microbial agents to the sludge collected in the city of Fuqing for composting was investigated. Changes on the surface and center temperatures, contents of moisture, humus acid, organic matters, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium, as well as the seed germination rate index (GI) of the compost during the fermentation process were monitored as the sewage sludge was mixed with plant ash, chicken manure, Bacillus subtilis (Agent A, Treatment T1) and/or BFA humus acid (Agents B, Treatment T2). The results showed that (a) T1 and T2 rendered the compost to reach a higher maximin temperature faster and maintain it longer than CK did; (b) the moisture content in compost decreased as the fermentation progressed, with the greatest reduction by T2 at 22.9%, followed by T1 at 19.6% and CK at 16.9%; (c) after 40 d composting, the humus acids, organic matters, total nitrogen and total potassium contents in the composts were higher with T1 or T2 than CK; and (d) the 40 d fermentation resulted in GIs by all treatments greater than 50%, and that of T2 beyond 80% achievinga maximal degree of composting effect.
2017, 32(2): 212-216.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.02.021
Abstract:
Diversity and mercury-resistance of Actinomycetes in the soil polluted by heavymetals at Tongren karst regeions in Guizhou were studied to gain information for environmental recovery and bioremedies. Twenty-five soil samples were collected from the areas. Microorganisms were screened on 7 different culture media with gradient concentrations of mercury under 3 different treatments to isolate the resistant strains. Subsequently, the isolates were examined for their morphological, physiological and biological characteristics, and subjected to a 16S rDNA phylogenetic an alysis for further identification.As a result, 56 typical Actinomycetes belonging to Streptomyces, Streptosporangium, Thermomonospora, Actinobacillus, Intrasporangium, Nocardia, and Micromonospora were found to be resistant to mercury.Among them, 68% were Streptomyces with one particular strain showing a high mercury-resistance to survive under a 75 mg·L-1 up to 85 mg·L-1 mercury stress, which was identified to be Streptomyces rameus.
Diversity and mercury-resistance of Actinomycetes in the soil polluted by heavymetals at Tongren karst regeions in Guizhou were studied to gain information for environmental recovery and bioremedies. Twenty-five soil samples were collected from the areas. Microorganisms were screened on 7 different culture media with gradient concentrations of mercury under 3 different treatments to isolate the resistant strains. Subsequently, the isolates were examined for their morphological, physiological and biological characteristics, and subjected to a 16S rDNA phylogenetic an alysis for further identification.As a result, 56 typical Actinomycetes belonging to Streptomyces, Streptosporangium, Thermomonospora, Actinobacillus, Intrasporangium, Nocardia, and Micromonospora were found to be resistant to mercury.Among them, 68% were Streptomyces with one particular strain showing a high mercury-resistance to survive under a 75 mg·L-1 up to 85 mg·L-1 mercury stress, which was identified to be Streptomyces rameus.
2017, 32(2): 217-221.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.02.022
Abstract:
Evaluation on farming culture resources value is crucial in industrialized operation of farming culture resources. By analyzing influence factors of the farming culture resources value, evaluation indexes system was constructed, and the index weight for all indexes were established with Analytic Hierarchy Process. Evaluation model for farming culture resources value was finally constructed by calculating the scores of ultimate indexes. The model was applied to analyze the feasibility of farming culture resources industry development and the industrialized development pattern. Then three industrialized development patterns were put forward, including government-oriented one, enterprise-driven one and double-driven one by government and enterprises.
Evaluation on farming culture resources value is crucial in industrialized operation of farming culture resources. By analyzing influence factors of the farming culture resources value, evaluation indexes system was constructed, and the index weight for all indexes were established with Analytic Hierarchy Process. Evaluation model for farming culture resources value was finally constructed by calculating the scores of ultimate indexes. The model was applied to analyze the feasibility of farming culture resources industry development and the industrialized development pattern. Then three industrialized development patterns were put forward, including government-oriented one, enterprise-driven one and double-driven one by government and enterprises.
2017, 32(2): 222-227.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.02.023
Abstract:
China, the original center and distribution center of kiwifruit (Actinidia Spp.), is rich of kiwifruit resources. The special flavor and high nutritional value of kiwifruit have attracted great attentions of people. However, kiwifruit is climacteric fruit that softens and rots rapidly, and is perishable after respiration and ethylene peak, which has severely restrained the development of kiwifruit industry. This paper reviewed the changes of fruit quality and physiological and biochemical characteristics during kiwifruit ripening, and the effects of ethylene, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), preservatives, fruit harvesting time, storage conditions on fruit softening and ripening. The possible approaches for prolonging the storage period and the shelf life of kiwifruit were also discussed, which provided theoretical basis for kiwifruit preservation.
China, the original center and distribution center of kiwifruit (Actinidia Spp.), is rich of kiwifruit resources. The special flavor and high nutritional value of kiwifruit have attracted great attentions of people. However, kiwifruit is climacteric fruit that softens and rots rapidly, and is perishable after respiration and ethylene peak, which has severely restrained the development of kiwifruit industry. This paper reviewed the changes of fruit quality and physiological and biochemical characteristics during kiwifruit ripening, and the effects of ethylene, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), preservatives, fruit harvesting time, storage conditions on fruit softening and ripening. The possible approaches for prolonging the storage period and the shelf life of kiwifruit were also discussed, which provided theoretical basis for kiwifruit preservation.
