2015 Vol. 30, No. 5
Display Method:
2015, 30(5): 425-429.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.05.001
Abstract:
The VP3 gene of the hepatitis A virus type 1subtype(DHAV-1a)in ducks was amplified by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)using one pair of specific primers designed according to the published sequences of DHAV-1a.The target DNA was purified and cloned into pEASYTM-Blunt Zero Cloning Vector.The recombinant expression plasmid,pET-32a-VP3,was constructed by inserting the target gene fragment into pET-32a(+)vector and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)competent cells.In this study,SDSPAGE and Western-blot analyses showed that the recombinant protein VP3,approximately 47 kDa in molecular mass,was expressed highly in E.coli after pET-32a-VP3 was induced with 1.0mmol·L-1 IPTG at 37℃.The expressed recombinant protein was recognized specifically by Anti-His Mouse mAb showing agood bioactivity.
The VP3 gene of the hepatitis A virus type 1subtype(DHAV-1a)in ducks was amplified by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)using one pair of specific primers designed according to the published sequences of DHAV-1a.The target DNA was purified and cloned into pEASYTM-Blunt Zero Cloning Vector.The recombinant expression plasmid,pET-32a-VP3,was constructed by inserting the target gene fragment into pET-32a(+)vector and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)competent cells.In this study,SDSPAGE and Western-blot analyses showed that the recombinant protein VP3,approximately 47 kDa in molecular mass,was expressed highly in E.coli after pET-32a-VP3 was induced with 1.0mmol·L-1 IPTG at 37℃.The expressed recombinant protein was recognized specifically by Anti-His Mouse mAb showing agood bioactivity.
2015, 30(5): 430-434.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.05.002
Abstract:
To confirm a suspected contagious pleuropneumonia case at a sheep farm in Fujian,the pathogen from the diseased sheep lung tissue was isolated and purified on a mycoplasma medium.It was subsequently identified by using a biochemical test and specificity polymerase chain reaction(PCR).There were " mulberries,no center umbilical" colonies on the petri dishes observed in the laboratory.The isolated FJ01-CL could ferment glucose,but could not hydrolyze arginine,nor decompose urea.It was positive on the Meilan reduction reaction,the 4-azolenitrogen-chloride reduction reaction,the blood adsorption test and the cholesterol test.The PCR amplification of the sheep mycoplasma pneumoniae showed a specific band of 361 bp.Compared with 8sequence strains from the Genbank,the sequence analysis indicated that the isolated FJ01-CL exhibited 98.1% homology with the reference strain,Y-98,and 98.7% with the local strains,MoGH3-3.The results suggested that Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae FJ01-CL was the pathogen that caused the caprine mycoplasmal pneumonia in the province for the first time.
To confirm a suspected contagious pleuropneumonia case at a sheep farm in Fujian,the pathogen from the diseased sheep lung tissue was isolated and purified on a mycoplasma medium.It was subsequently identified by using a biochemical test and specificity polymerase chain reaction(PCR).There were " mulberries,no center umbilical" colonies on the petri dishes observed in the laboratory.The isolated FJ01-CL could ferment glucose,but could not hydrolyze arginine,nor decompose urea.It was positive on the Meilan reduction reaction,the 4-azolenitrogen-chloride reduction reaction,the blood adsorption test and the cholesterol test.The PCR amplification of the sheep mycoplasma pneumoniae showed a specific band of 361 bp.Compared with 8sequence strains from the Genbank,the sequence analysis indicated that the isolated FJ01-CL exhibited 98.1% homology with the reference strain,Y-98,and 98.7% with the local strains,MoGH3-3.The results suggested that Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae FJ01-CL was the pathogen that caused the caprine mycoplasmal pneumonia in the province for the first time.
2015, 30(5): 435-441.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.05.003
Abstract:
In this study,the influences on cherry valley ducks by B.coagulans were investigated at the growth performances,serum biochemical indexes,activities of digestive enzymes in the duodenal contents,and the cecum microbiome.750one-day-old ducklings were allocated into 5groups.Each group had 5replicates,and there were 30 ducklings in each replicate.GroupⅠ was fed with based diet and acted as the negative control.GroupⅡ was supplemented with 300 mg 10%zinc bacitracin per kg of the feed.GroupⅢ,ⅣandⅤ were supplemented with 100,200 and 300mg B.coagulans with the microbial count was 1.0×109 CFU·g-1 per kg of the feed,respectively.The whole experiment lasted for 42 days.The results showed that the feed/weight gain ratio(F/G)in GroupⅡ-Ⅴ were significantly lower than that in GroupⅠ(P<0.05)from Day 1to Day 21.Compared to GroupⅠ,the average daily weight gain(ADG)in GroupⅣ from Day 1to Day 42 were significantly higher(P<0.01),but F/G were significantly lower(P<0.01).The ADG in GroupⅤ was significantly higher than that in GroupⅠ during the same period.The differences of alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity and albumin(ALB)content among groups were not significantly(P>0.05)on Day 21.But on Day 42,both of them were significantly higher in GroupⅣ than those in GroupⅠ(P<0.05).The amylase activities in GroupⅣandⅤ were significantly higher than that in GroupⅠ(P<0.05)on Day 21.The trypsines in GroupⅢ-Ⅴ were higher than that in GroupⅠ(P<0.05)on Day 42.The amount of Lactobacillus spp.in cecum of ducklings in GroupⅤ was significantly higher than GroupⅠandⅡ(P<0.05)on Day 21.On Day 42,this amount in Group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in GroupⅠ(P<0.05).On both of Day 21 and 42,the quantity of Escherichia coli in GroupⅤ was significantly higher than that in GroupⅠ(P<0.05).Therefore,we came to a conclusion that the feeding with 200 to 300mg per kg of the feed B.coagulans resulted in the decrease of F/G and the quantity of E.coli in cerum,the increase of ADG,ALP activity,ALB content,trypsin activity,and the amount of Lactobacillus spp.,which helped to improve the environment of microecology.
In this study,the influences on cherry valley ducks by B.coagulans were investigated at the growth performances,serum biochemical indexes,activities of digestive enzymes in the duodenal contents,and the cecum microbiome.750one-day-old ducklings were allocated into 5groups.Each group had 5replicates,and there were 30 ducklings in each replicate.GroupⅠ was fed with based diet and acted as the negative control.GroupⅡ was supplemented with 300 mg 10%zinc bacitracin per kg of the feed.GroupⅢ,ⅣandⅤ were supplemented with 100,200 and 300mg B.coagulans with the microbial count was 1.0×109 CFU·g-1 per kg of the feed,respectively.The whole experiment lasted for 42 days.The results showed that the feed/weight gain ratio(F/G)in GroupⅡ-Ⅴ were significantly lower than that in GroupⅠ(P<0.05)from Day 1to Day 21.Compared to GroupⅠ,the average daily weight gain(ADG)in GroupⅣ from Day 1to Day 42 were significantly higher(P<0.01),but F/G were significantly lower(P<0.01).The ADG in GroupⅤ was significantly higher than that in GroupⅠ during the same period.The differences of alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity and albumin(ALB)content among groups were not significantly(P>0.05)on Day 21.But on Day 42,both of them were significantly higher in GroupⅣ than those in GroupⅠ(P<0.05).The amylase activities in GroupⅣandⅤ were significantly higher than that in GroupⅠ(P<0.05)on Day 21.The trypsines in GroupⅢ-Ⅴ were higher than that in GroupⅠ(P<0.05)on Day 42.The amount of Lactobacillus spp.in cecum of ducklings in GroupⅤ was significantly higher than GroupⅠandⅡ(P<0.05)on Day 21.On Day 42,this amount in Group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in GroupⅠ(P<0.05).On both of Day 21 and 42,the quantity of Escherichia coli in GroupⅤ was significantly higher than that in GroupⅠ(P<0.05).Therefore,we came to a conclusion that the feeding with 200 to 300mg per kg of the feed B.coagulans resulted in the decrease of F/G and the quantity of E.coli in cerum,the increase of ADG,ALP activity,ALB content,trypsin activity,and the amount of Lactobacillus spp.,which helped to improve the environment of microecology.
2015, 30(5): 442-445.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.05.004
Abstract:
There were some Mule Muscovy ducks and the Taiwan White ducks,which was located in Fujian,Zhejiang,Anhui and Jiangsu Province in China,had the clinic symptoms with weak feet and low mortality rate since the second half of 2008.After the age of 40-day,the ducks were easily fracture,with nearly 30 percentage having the short beak infectious symptoms.About 60 percentage ducks had not reach the slaughter standards.The Muscovy ducklings immunized with the MDPV live actuated vaccine also had such infectious symptoms,typically like the MDPV infectious symptoms,causing greatly economic loss to the ducks farming industry.After the detection of new pathogen,virus isolation and the challenge experiments in Muscovy ducklings,we discovered that the new virus had many differences with the typical Muscovy duck parvovirus such as the genome,the host range and the pathogenicity.In conclusion,we suggested the newly infectious diseases named with new genotype Muscovy duck parvovirus,to avoid Muscovy duck origin parvovirus definition confusion.
There were some Mule Muscovy ducks and the Taiwan White ducks,which was located in Fujian,Zhejiang,Anhui and Jiangsu Province in China,had the clinic symptoms with weak feet and low mortality rate since the second half of 2008.After the age of 40-day,the ducks were easily fracture,with nearly 30 percentage having the short beak infectious symptoms.About 60 percentage ducks had not reach the slaughter standards.The Muscovy ducklings immunized with the MDPV live actuated vaccine also had such infectious symptoms,typically like the MDPV infectious symptoms,causing greatly economic loss to the ducks farming industry.After the detection of new pathogen,virus isolation and the challenge experiments in Muscovy ducklings,we discovered that the new virus had many differences with the typical Muscovy duck parvovirus such as the genome,the host range and the pathogenicity.In conclusion,we suggested the newly infectious diseases named with new genotype Muscovy duck parvovirus,to avoid Muscovy duck origin parvovirus definition confusion.
2015, 30(5): 446-451.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.05.005
Abstract:
To provide information for theaquaculture and marketing purposes,the amino acid contents of Maccullochella peelii during its growth periods and at time of harvest for a comparison with groupers and sturgeonswere determined using an automatic amino acid analyzer.The results showed that the maximumtotal amino acid content of 70.96%(on dry-basis)was reached when the fish was considered marketable.They were lower for thejuveniles at 69.24% and the parent fish at 65.36%.The ratiosbetween different kinds of amino acidson the parent and marketable fish were similar,but EAA/TAA for the juveniles was approximately 2% lower,while EAA/NEAA2% higher than the others.Insofar as thepalatability as food is concerned,the meats from thethreespecies all contained more than 50% TAA(i.e,M.peeliiat 57.17%,grouper at 57.68%,and sturgeon at57.85%).In addition,the E/T of M.peelii was 40.34,and E/NT 67.62,which are higher than thereference standardsset for the protein by WHO/FAO(i.e.,40%for E/Tand greater than 60%for E/NT).
To provide information for theaquaculture and marketing purposes,the amino acid contents of Maccullochella peelii during its growth periods and at time of harvest for a comparison with groupers and sturgeonswere determined using an automatic amino acid analyzer.The results showed that the maximumtotal amino acid content of 70.96%(on dry-basis)was reached when the fish was considered marketable.They were lower for thejuveniles at 69.24% and the parent fish at 65.36%.The ratiosbetween different kinds of amino acidson the parent and marketable fish were similar,but EAA/TAA for the juveniles was approximately 2% lower,while EAA/NEAA2% higher than the others.Insofar as thepalatability as food is concerned,the meats from thethreespecies all contained more than 50% TAA(i.e,M.peeliiat 57.17%,grouper at 57.68%,and sturgeon at57.85%).In addition,the E/T of M.peelii was 40.34,and E/NT 67.62,which are higher than thereference standardsset for the protein by WHO/FAO(i.e.,40%for E/Tand greater than 60%for E/NT).
2015, 30(5): 452-458.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.05.006
Abstract:
Twenty-eight monogenic lines and 740 varieties of rice were examined for their resistances to blast in the fields in Lianyungang,Jiangsu.Among the 28 monogenic samples,Fujisaka 5(Pii),Taride 1(Pizt),F-80-1(Pik),F-124-1(Pita),F-98-1(Pikm),F-128-1(Pita2),C101 LACC [Pi1(t)],C101A51 [Pi2(t)]and C104 PKT [Pi3(t)]exhibited high resistances to blast.Nighty-seven of the 740 cultivars were found to be highly resistant,230 resistant,200 moderate resistant,93 moderately susceptible,48 susceptible,and 55 highly susceptible to the blast.To evaluate the genetic effect of these resistant genes,195 samples with high resistance or susceptibility to the blast were selected.The important cultivars were analyzed on their molecular markers with 10 functional ones for the resistant genes.The result showed that the locus of Piiwas found in 28 of the materials,Pikhin 40,Pitain 52,Pibin 110,Pi2 in 11,and Pikin 2.On the other hand,no locus of Pi1,Pikm,Pikp or Pi9 was detected in these varieties.
Twenty-eight monogenic lines and 740 varieties of rice were examined for their resistances to blast in the fields in Lianyungang,Jiangsu.Among the 28 monogenic samples,Fujisaka 5(Pii),Taride 1(Pizt),F-80-1(Pik),F-124-1(Pita),F-98-1(Pikm),F-128-1(Pita2),C101 LACC [Pi1(t)],C101A51 [Pi2(t)]and C104 PKT [Pi3(t)]exhibited high resistances to blast.Nighty-seven of the 740 cultivars were found to be highly resistant,230 resistant,200 moderate resistant,93 moderately susceptible,48 susceptible,and 55 highly susceptible to the blast.To evaluate the genetic effect of these resistant genes,195 samples with high resistance or susceptibility to the blast were selected.The important cultivars were analyzed on their molecular markers with 10 functional ones for the resistant genes.The result showed that the locus of Piiwas found in 28 of the materials,Pikhin 40,Pitain 52,Pibin 110,Pi2 in 11,and Pikin 2.On the other hand,no locus of Pi1,Pikm,Pikp or Pi9 was detected in these varieties.
2015, 30(5): 459-463.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.05.007
Abstract:
Using‘Liangyoupeijiu'as control(CK),the hybrid rice,‘Fulongliangyou29',was employed to study the sink/source relationship,as well as the correlation between the rice grain formation and the chlorophyll content and leaf area index of the plant.The results showed that the chlorophyll in ‘Fulongliangyou29'decreased at a higher rate than that in CK,while the leaf area index and chlorophyll declining ratewere not significantly different from those of CK during the entire late growthperiod;and,therice yield and growth rate were lowerduring the early stage,but greater than those of CK in the late stage.Since thesink capacitylargely determined the yield on ‘Fulongliangyou29',appropriate measures should be implemented to strengthen itfor the cultivation ofthe hybrid rice.
Using‘Liangyoupeijiu'as control(CK),the hybrid rice,‘Fulongliangyou29',was employed to study the sink/source relationship,as well as the correlation between the rice grain formation and the chlorophyll content and leaf area index of the plant.The results showed that the chlorophyll in ‘Fulongliangyou29'decreased at a higher rate than that in CK,while the leaf area index and chlorophyll declining ratewere not significantly different from those of CK during the entire late growthperiod;and,therice yield and growth rate were lowerduring the early stage,but greater than those of CK in the late stage.Since thesink capacitylargely determined the yield on ‘Fulongliangyou29',appropriate measures should be implemented to strengthen itfor the cultivation ofthe hybrid rice.
2015, 30(5): 464-468.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.05.008
Abstract:
For high yield cultivation of the edible sweet potatoes,‘Longshu 13',an orthogonal experimentation was conducted.Yield affected by the planting density,transplanting time,vine cuttings and fertilization was investigated for the optimization.The results indicated that the planting density,transplanting time and vine cuttings had a very significant,while the fertilization a significant,effect on the yield of the sweet potatoes.The yield could be further improved by increasing the planting density from 40 005 to 49 995plants·hm-2,planting early,using the top vines,or applying 150 to 525kg·hm-2 of compound fertilizer.On soils of moderate fertility,the sweet potatoes could attain a high yield with the optimized conditions of a planting density of 49 995plants·hm-2,planting on July18(with a growth period of 133days),using the top of vines for transplant,and applying a composite fertilizer at the rate of 525kg·hm-2.
For high yield cultivation of the edible sweet potatoes,‘Longshu 13',an orthogonal experimentation was conducted.Yield affected by the planting density,transplanting time,vine cuttings and fertilization was investigated for the optimization.The results indicated that the planting density,transplanting time and vine cuttings had a very significant,while the fertilization a significant,effect on the yield of the sweet potatoes.The yield could be further improved by increasing the planting density from 40 005 to 49 995plants·hm-2,planting early,using the top vines,or applying 150 to 525kg·hm-2 of compound fertilizer.On soils of moderate fertility,the sweet potatoes could attain a high yield with the optimized conditions of a planting density of 49 995plants·hm-2,planting on July18(with a growth period of 133days),using the top of vines for transplant,and applying a composite fertilizer at the rate of 525kg·hm-2.
2015, 30(5): 469-472.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.05.009
Abstract:
Effect of storage conditions and methods of breaking dormancy for the germination of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua seeds was investigated in preparation for its cultivation.The wild seeds were stored under varied conditions.Physical and chemical methods were applied to break the seed dormancy.The results showed that the seed germination rates under the sand storage at normal and low temperature were not significantly different.However,the rate was markedly decreased when the seeds were stored at ambient temperature in dry storage.No significant difference on the germination rate was found when the seeds were treated with different physical and chemical means.The highest germination rate,93.33%,was obtained by soaking the seeds in 50 mg·L-1 GA3 solution for 3hours at low temperatures.
Effect of storage conditions and methods of breaking dormancy for the germination of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua seeds was investigated in preparation for its cultivation.The wild seeds were stored under varied conditions.Physical and chemical methods were applied to break the seed dormancy.The results showed that the seed germination rates under the sand storage at normal and low temperature were not significantly different.However,the rate was markedly decreased when the seeds were stored at ambient temperature in dry storage.No significant difference on the germination rate was found when the seeds were treated with different physical and chemical means.The highest germination rate,93.33%,was obtained by soaking the seeds in 50 mg·L-1 GA3 solution for 3hours at low temperatures.
2015, 30(5): 473-477.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.05.010
Abstract:
To understand the genetics of the 1st-node-female-flower of Cucurbita moschata,the mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model was used.The inheritance of the 1st-node-female-flowers in 6generations(i.e.,P1,P2,F1,F2,BCP1 and BCP2)derived from the hybrid combinations of C.moschata89-1×93-5 was investigated.The results showed that the traits of the 1st-node-female-flowers were controlled by two major genes with additive-dominance-epistemic effects and the polygenes with additive-dominance effects model in the joint analysis of 6generations.The additive effects of the two major genes were 0.068 4,indicating an increase of the 1stnode-female-flowers;the dominance effects of the two major genes were-4.826 5and-0.905 8,respectively;and,the polygenes additive and dominance effect were 3.008 5and-1.566 8,respectively.The major gene hereditabilities of BCP1,BCP2 and F2 populations were 74.34%,68.17% and 89.84%,respectively,and the polygene hereditability was 0,indicating that the higher hereditability of the major genes could be favorable to an efficient selection in early generation of breeding.
To understand the genetics of the 1st-node-female-flower of Cucurbita moschata,the mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model was used.The inheritance of the 1st-node-female-flowers in 6generations(i.e.,P1,P2,F1,F2,BCP1 and BCP2)derived from the hybrid combinations of C.moschata89-1×93-5 was investigated.The results showed that the traits of the 1st-node-female-flowers were controlled by two major genes with additive-dominance-epistemic effects and the polygenes with additive-dominance effects model in the joint analysis of 6generations.The additive effects of the two major genes were 0.068 4,indicating an increase of the 1stnode-female-flowers;the dominance effects of the two major genes were-4.826 5and-0.905 8,respectively;and,the polygenes additive and dominance effect were 3.008 5and-1.566 8,respectively.The major gene hereditabilities of BCP1,BCP2 and F2 populations were 74.34%,68.17% and 89.84%,respectively,and the polygene hereditability was 0,indicating that the higher hereditability of the major genes could be favorable to an efficient selection in early generation of breeding.
2015, 30(5): 478-482.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.05.011
Abstract:
A field experiment was conducted on saline soil to evaluate the effects of the application of phosphorus fertilizers,in combination with nitrogen,on the growth,yield and quality of okra.Significant effects were found,especially when nitrogen was applied.With the application of N 300kg·hm-2 and P 160kg·hm-2,the greatest yield,as well as the pod weight,contents of peel pigment,free amino acids and soluble protein,and viscosity of mucilage of the okra pods was obtained.The results suggested that the tested fertilization was appropriate for okra cultivation in the coastal regions in Jiangsu province.
A field experiment was conducted on saline soil to evaluate the effects of the application of phosphorus fertilizers,in combination with nitrogen,on the growth,yield and quality of okra.Significant effects were found,especially when nitrogen was applied.With the application of N 300kg·hm-2 and P 160kg·hm-2,the greatest yield,as well as the pod weight,contents of peel pigment,free amino acids and soluble protein,and viscosity of mucilage of the okra pods was obtained.The results suggested that the tested fertilization was appropriate for okra cultivation in the coastal regions in Jiangsu province.
2015, 30(5): 483-488.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.05.012
Abstract:
Serious soil-borne diseases are frequently found on tomatoes grown under continuous cropping practice.This study aimed to alleviate the problem through grafting cultivation.Grafting'Isaeli big fruit'tomato with 9varieties of rootstocks was conducted to examine the compatibility between them,as well as the growth vigor,disease resistance,yield and fruit quality of the resultant plants.The results showed that the grafting significantly reduced the incidences of bacterial wilt and improved the growth and fruit yield as compared to the scion-root seedlings,without appreciable change on the shape and quality of the tomatoes.A comprehensive comparison indicated that two rootstocks,Aihao and Qinhe,had the most desirable growth compatibility,fruit yield and disease resistance among the 9tested varieties.Consequently,they were considered suitable for further testing to demonstrate and promote the grafting for tomato cultivation.
Serious soil-borne diseases are frequently found on tomatoes grown under continuous cropping practice.This study aimed to alleviate the problem through grafting cultivation.Grafting'Isaeli big fruit'tomato with 9varieties of rootstocks was conducted to examine the compatibility between them,as well as the growth vigor,disease resistance,yield and fruit quality of the resultant plants.The results showed that the grafting significantly reduced the incidences of bacterial wilt and improved the growth and fruit yield as compared to the scion-root seedlings,without appreciable change on the shape and quality of the tomatoes.A comprehensive comparison indicated that two rootstocks,Aihao and Qinhe,had the most desirable growth compatibility,fruit yield and disease resistance among the 9tested varieties.Consequently,they were considered suitable for further testing to demonstrate and promote the grafting for tomato cultivation.
2015, 30(5): 489-491.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.05.013
Abstract:
Chinese olives,Fulan 1and Fulan 2for fresh consumption and Changying for processing purposes,were used in the study to determine the changes on their tannin contents during growth periods.The results showed that the total and soluble tannin in the fruits of Fulan 1and Fulan 2were significantly lower than those of Changying during the fruit development stages.They decreased as the fruits were maturing,but at the same time,the insoluble tannin increased.There was a significant correlation found between the astringency of the olives and their content of soluble,but not insoluble tannin.
Chinese olives,Fulan 1and Fulan 2for fresh consumption and Changying for processing purposes,were used in the study to determine the changes on their tannin contents during growth periods.The results showed that the total and soluble tannin in the fruits of Fulan 1and Fulan 2were significantly lower than those of Changying during the fruit development stages.They decreased as the fruits were maturing,but at the same time,the insoluble tannin increased.There was a significant correlation found between the astringency of the olives and their content of soluble,but not insoluble tannin.
2015, 30(5): 492-497.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.05.014
Abstract:
Phenophase and fruit cracking of Yuhuangyou pomelos(Citrus grandis Osbeck cv.Yuhuanyou)grown in open field and a greenhousewere compared.The changes on the fresh weight,color parameters,sugars and organic acids of the fruits in their development stages were observed.The results showed that the fruits ripened 10 ds earlier in the greenhouse than in the open field.The fruit cracking rate decreased 21% in the greenhouse as compared to the open field.Little difference in fruit weight was found between them.The color measurements of L,a* and b*on the fruits during maturation indicated that the greenhouse cultivation facilitated the color formation,more so than in the open field.Sucrose was the main component in the largely constant 76% of the total sugar content,with glucose and fructose accounted for 25%,in the pomelos.The greenhouse cultivation also allowed the fruits to reach its maximum sugar content one and a half month earlier than those inthe field.The major organic acid in the Yuhuanyou pomelo flesh was citric acid.It remained at a relatively low level throughout the entire fruit development stage.And,the greenhouse exerted no significant effect on the acid content in the fruits.The results showed that the greenhouse cultivation benefited fruit coloring,sugar accumulation,early maturation,cracking prevention and over-all quality for Yuhuanyou pomelos.
Phenophase and fruit cracking of Yuhuangyou pomelos(Citrus grandis Osbeck cv.Yuhuanyou)grown in open field and a greenhousewere compared.The changes on the fresh weight,color parameters,sugars and organic acids of the fruits in their development stages were observed.The results showed that the fruits ripened 10 ds earlier in the greenhouse than in the open field.The fruit cracking rate decreased 21% in the greenhouse as compared to the open field.Little difference in fruit weight was found between them.The color measurements of L,a* and b*on the fruits during maturation indicated that the greenhouse cultivation facilitated the color formation,more so than in the open field.Sucrose was the main component in the largely constant 76% of the total sugar content,with glucose and fructose accounted for 25%,in the pomelos.The greenhouse cultivation also allowed the fruits to reach its maximum sugar content one and a half month earlier than those inthe field.The major organic acid in the Yuhuanyou pomelo flesh was citric acid.It remained at a relatively low level throughout the entire fruit development stage.And,the greenhouse exerted no significant effect on the acid content in the fruits.The results showed that the greenhouse cultivation benefited fruit coloring,sugar accumulation,early maturation,cracking prevention and over-all quality for Yuhuanyou pomelos.
2015, 30(5): 498-503.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.05.015
Abstract:
A pot experiment was carried out to study the effect of Brevibacillus brevis FJAT-0809-GLX on the growth of tomato plants.The results showed that the leaf count was significantly increased when the plants were sprayed with the bacteria,the fermentation supernatant or the fermented liquid.Both the length and diameter of the stems were also significantly greater than those of control.The stems of the tomato plants treated with the bacteria were the longest and the numbers of leaves greatest among all treatments.B.brevis FJAT-0809-GLX significantly enhanced the chlorophyll and carotenoids contents,reaching the highest when the plants were sprayed with the fermentation supernatant.As compared to control,the chlorophyll a,b and carotenoids contents increased by111.3%,136.0% and 102.7%,respectively.B.brevis FJAT-0809-GLX appeared to induce significant effect on promoting the growth of the tomato plants in the laboratory.The result prompted an inquiry for further test in the field.
A pot experiment was carried out to study the effect of Brevibacillus brevis FJAT-0809-GLX on the growth of tomato plants.The results showed that the leaf count was significantly increased when the plants were sprayed with the bacteria,the fermentation supernatant or the fermented liquid.Both the length and diameter of the stems were also significantly greater than those of control.The stems of the tomato plants treated with the bacteria were the longest and the numbers of leaves greatest among all treatments.B.brevis FJAT-0809-GLX significantly enhanced the chlorophyll and carotenoids contents,reaching the highest when the plants were sprayed with the fermentation supernatant.As compared to control,the chlorophyll a,b and carotenoids contents increased by111.3%,136.0% and 102.7%,respectively.B.brevis FJAT-0809-GLX appeared to induce significant effect on promoting the growth of the tomato plants in the laboratory.The result prompted an inquiry for further test in the field.
2015, 30(5): 504-508.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.05.016
Abstract:
Experiments to examine the host selection of the pest,Bemisia tabaci,was conducted in laboratory.The most preferred plant by the pests was used in a field test to determine its efficiency in attracting B.tabaci for an integrated pest management application.The results showed that B.tabaci strongly preferred the cucumber(Cucumis sativus),followed by cabbage(Brassica oleracea),tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum),eggplant(Solanum melongena),cowpea(Vigna sinensis),kidney bean(Phaseolus vulgaris),squash(Cucurbita moschata),and loofah(Luffa cylindrical),but was poorly attracted to soybean(Glycine max),piemarker(Abutilon theophrasti)and pepper(Capsicum frutescens).As a trap plant,cucumber was intercropped with soybeans in a field that attracted adult whiteflies at a rate of 90.2% with a pest control efficiency of 82.83%.Subsequently,several insecticides were applied on the cucumber plants showing varying degrees of control efficacy on adult whiteflies.Among the insecticides tested,22.4% spirotetramat SC,10% nitenpyram EC,10% bifenthrin EC and 25% pymetrozine WP showed greater control efficiencies of 82.72%,78.71%,67.39% and 74.34%,respectively,7days after treatment.
Experiments to examine the host selection of the pest,Bemisia tabaci,was conducted in laboratory.The most preferred plant by the pests was used in a field test to determine its efficiency in attracting B.tabaci for an integrated pest management application.The results showed that B.tabaci strongly preferred the cucumber(Cucumis sativus),followed by cabbage(Brassica oleracea),tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum),eggplant(Solanum melongena),cowpea(Vigna sinensis),kidney bean(Phaseolus vulgaris),squash(Cucurbita moschata),and loofah(Luffa cylindrical),but was poorly attracted to soybean(Glycine max),piemarker(Abutilon theophrasti)and pepper(Capsicum frutescens).As a trap plant,cucumber was intercropped with soybeans in a field that attracted adult whiteflies at a rate of 90.2% with a pest control efficiency of 82.83%.Subsequently,several insecticides were applied on the cucumber plants showing varying degrees of control efficacy on adult whiteflies.Among the insecticides tested,22.4% spirotetramat SC,10% nitenpyram EC,10% bifenthrin EC and 25% pymetrozine WP showed greater control efficiencies of 82.72%,78.71%,67.39% and 74.34%,respectively,7days after treatment.
2015, 30(5): 509-515.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.05.017
Abstract:
Effect of light-exposure(i.e.,red,blue or no light)during the withering process of Congou black tea was studied.Contents of amino acids and catechins of the tea leaves were monitored,and the sensory evaluation on the steeped tea performed.The results showed that the total and most amino acids,except Asp and Thea,in the leaves increased gradually during the withering process.Exposed under the red light,Asp and Thea in the leaves decreased,while Ile,Leu,Tyr,Lys and His increased in greater extents than other amino acids.When no light was applied,Ser,Val and Phe in the leaves increased most significantly.Withering under the blue light,the tea leaves contained significantly greater amounts of the rest of amino acids than under either the red light or no light.The contents of GC,EGC,ECG,EGCG,total esters type catechins and total catechins in the leaves decreased gradually upon withering,while those of C,GCG and CG increased at the beginning and then decreased afterward.During the spreading of the leaves for withering,EG decreased initially and then increased.Exposed under the red light,the tea leaves contain less of GC,EGC,EGCG,total esters type catechins and total catechins than other lighting conditions.Either the blue or red light exposure reduced more ECG than total darkness.The sensory evaluation on the brewed tea showed that the Congou black tea withered under the red light had the highest score on aroma,and that withered under the blue light had the highest score on taste.It appeared that the light-exposure during withering could affect the amino acid and catechins contents of the teas.Congou black tea withered under the red light seemed to have the best quality among all samples.
Effect of light-exposure(i.e.,red,blue or no light)during the withering process of Congou black tea was studied.Contents of amino acids and catechins of the tea leaves were monitored,and the sensory evaluation on the steeped tea performed.The results showed that the total and most amino acids,except Asp and Thea,in the leaves increased gradually during the withering process.Exposed under the red light,Asp and Thea in the leaves decreased,while Ile,Leu,Tyr,Lys and His increased in greater extents than other amino acids.When no light was applied,Ser,Val and Phe in the leaves increased most significantly.Withering under the blue light,the tea leaves contained significantly greater amounts of the rest of amino acids than under either the red light or no light.The contents of GC,EGC,ECG,EGCG,total esters type catechins and total catechins in the leaves decreased gradually upon withering,while those of C,GCG and CG increased at the beginning and then decreased afterward.During the spreading of the leaves for withering,EG decreased initially and then increased.Exposed under the red light,the tea leaves contain less of GC,EGC,EGCG,total esters type catechins and total catechins than other lighting conditions.Either the blue or red light exposure reduced more ECG than total darkness.The sensory evaluation on the brewed tea showed that the Congou black tea withered under the red light had the highest score on aroma,and that withered under the blue light had the highest score on taste.It appeared that the light-exposure during withering could affect the amino acid and catechins contents of the teas.Congou black tea withered under the red light seemed to have the best quality among all samples.
2015, 30(5): 516-521.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.05.018
Abstract:
Based on the freezing point temperature(FPT)of celery,cauliflower and head cabbage,the effects of approaching FPT storage were studied on vegetable quality during storage and shelf life. With high precision electron temperature equipment,the freezing temperature curves were established for the bulk microstructure and the slurry body of celery,cauliflower and head cabbage,and their FPT were determined.The vegetables were stored at 5℃,approaching FPT,approaching FPT combined with ozone sterilization,respectively;and the effects of three treatments were studied on the storage and shelf qualities of the vegetables with sensory and nutrient indices.The results showed that for every vegetable variety,the FPT of bulk tissue was similar with its plasma tissue and the FPT was positively correlative to the water content of the vegetable.The FPT of celery,cauliflower and head cabbage were- 0.6℃,- 0.9℃and- 0.7℃,respectively.Sensory qualities of celery,cauliflower and head cabbage stored at approaching FPT combined with ozone sterilization were the best during storage period,and their Vc contents stored at approaching FPT were 1.77-1.84,1.42-1.45 and 1.65-1.68 times higher than those at 5℃ storage,respectively.Comparing with 5℃storage,shelf life of the three vegetables stored with approaching FPT were about 2-3,6and 4days longer,and their Vc contents were higher for 1.82-1.86,1.44-1.45and2.17-2.19 times,respectively,during shelf life period.The loss rate of weight for vegetables were lower in approaching FPT storage than those in 5℃storage.Influence of ozone sterilization on shelf life quality was not significant.Therefore approaching FPT storage combined with ozone sterilization was beneficial for improving the sensory qualities of stored celery,cauliflower and head cabbage;approaching FPT storage could extend shelf life and improve the sensory quality during shelf life,to reduce weight loss of stored vegetables and maintain their Vc contents during storage and shelf life.
Based on the freezing point temperature(FPT)of celery,cauliflower and head cabbage,the effects of approaching FPT storage were studied on vegetable quality during storage and shelf life. With high precision electron temperature equipment,the freezing temperature curves were established for the bulk microstructure and the slurry body of celery,cauliflower and head cabbage,and their FPT were determined.The vegetables were stored at 5℃,approaching FPT,approaching FPT combined with ozone sterilization,respectively;and the effects of three treatments were studied on the storage and shelf qualities of the vegetables with sensory and nutrient indices.The results showed that for every vegetable variety,the FPT of bulk tissue was similar with its plasma tissue and the FPT was positively correlative to the water content of the vegetable.The FPT of celery,cauliflower and head cabbage were- 0.6℃,- 0.9℃and- 0.7℃,respectively.Sensory qualities of celery,cauliflower and head cabbage stored at approaching FPT combined with ozone sterilization were the best during storage period,and their Vc contents stored at approaching FPT were 1.77-1.84,1.42-1.45 and 1.65-1.68 times higher than those at 5℃ storage,respectively.Comparing with 5℃storage,shelf life of the three vegetables stored with approaching FPT were about 2-3,6and 4days longer,and their Vc contents were higher for 1.82-1.86,1.44-1.45and2.17-2.19 times,respectively,during shelf life period.The loss rate of weight for vegetables were lower in approaching FPT storage than those in 5℃storage.Influence of ozone sterilization on shelf life quality was not significant.Therefore approaching FPT storage combined with ozone sterilization was beneficial for improving the sensory qualities of stored celery,cauliflower and head cabbage;approaching FPT storage could extend shelf life and improve the sensory quality during shelf life,to reduce weight loss of stored vegetables and maintain their Vc contents during storage and shelf life.
2015, 30(5): 522-527.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.05.019
Abstract:
Technology of precise genome editing based on the transcription activator-like effector nucleases(TALENs)and the type II clustered regularly interpaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR/Cas9)has been a powerful auxiliary tool for research on genetic functions and improvements of plants.TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 can induce a double strand break(DSB)between the bound sequence resulting in cellular repairs on DSB through either the homologous recombination(HR)or non-homologous end joining(NHEJ)pathway prior to making modifications on the target genome.This article reviews the information relevant to TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 based on the structure characteristics,action principle and applications of target modification on plants.Potential applications of the advanced technology were also discussed.
Technology of precise genome editing based on the transcription activator-like effector nucleases(TALENs)and the type II clustered regularly interpaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR/Cas9)has been a powerful auxiliary tool for research on genetic functions and improvements of plants.TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 can induce a double strand break(DSB)between the bound sequence resulting in cellular repairs on DSB through either the homologous recombination(HR)or non-homologous end joining(NHEJ)pathway prior to making modifications on the target genome.This article reviews the information relevant to TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 based on the structure characteristics,action principle and applications of target modification on plants.Potential applications of the advanced technology were also discussed.
2015, 30(5): 528-531.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.05.020
Abstract:
Trace elements(i.e.,Fe,Al,F and rare earth)in the white tea from Fuding were analyzed.The compositionin the leaves differed by the age of the tea.Their contents tended to increase with time.The Fe,Al,F and rare earth in the older leaves were 2.98,13.27,6.19 and 11.83 times,respectively,higher than those in the younger ones(P<0.05).The rare earthelements were similar,mainly Y,La,Pr and Nd,withsignificantly higher contentsin the older than the younger leaves.Sc was not found in the old leaves,nor were Sc,Sm,Ty,Er and Yb in the young leaves.The white tea accumulatedmore heavythan light molecular weight elements.For thelight rare earth,the accumulation rates ranked in the order of Nd>Ce>La>Y.
Trace elements(i.e.,Fe,Al,F and rare earth)in the white tea from Fuding were analyzed.The compositionin the leaves differed by the age of the tea.Their contents tended to increase with time.The Fe,Al,F and rare earth in the older leaves were 2.98,13.27,6.19 and 11.83 times,respectively,higher than those in the younger ones(P<0.05).The rare earthelements were similar,mainly Y,La,Pr and Nd,withsignificantly higher contentsin the older than the younger leaves.Sc was not found in the old leaves,nor were Sc,Sm,Ty,Er and Yb in the young leaves.The white tea accumulatedmore heavythan light molecular weight elements.For thelight rare earth,the accumulation rates ranked in the order of Nd>Ce>La>Y.
