2015 Vol. 30, No. 4
Display Method:
2015, 30(4): 313-317.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.04.001
Abstract:
Physiological characteristics of four super rice cultivars were analyzed including dry matter accumulation,allocation and transportation as well as crop growth rate.The results showed that leaf area index(LAI)of super rice cultivars exhibited dynamic change as parabolic curve and peaked at full heading stage.Crop growth rate(CGR)of each super rice cultivar was the highest during full heading stage and milky stage.CGR of four super rice cultivars were higher than that of the control during the entire growth stage,indicating stronger photosynthetic production capacity of super rice.There was no significant relationship between grain yield of super rice cultivars and dry matter accumulation at the early developing stage(before stem elongation),but dry matter accumulation at mid and late developing stages(from stem elongation to ripening stage),indicating there was higher dry matter production capacity of super rice at mid and late developing stage.Furthermore,average output percentage and apparent transformation rates of stem and leaf dry matter for super rice cultivars were all lower than that of the control.Compared to the control,the significant yield of super rice cultivar depends on higher dry matter production and stronger photosynthesis of leaves at mid and late developing stages.
Physiological characteristics of four super rice cultivars were analyzed including dry matter accumulation,allocation and transportation as well as crop growth rate.The results showed that leaf area index(LAI)of super rice cultivars exhibited dynamic change as parabolic curve and peaked at full heading stage.Crop growth rate(CGR)of each super rice cultivar was the highest during full heading stage and milky stage.CGR of four super rice cultivars were higher than that of the control during the entire growth stage,indicating stronger photosynthetic production capacity of super rice.There was no significant relationship between grain yield of super rice cultivars and dry matter accumulation at the early developing stage(before stem elongation),but dry matter accumulation at mid and late developing stages(from stem elongation to ripening stage),indicating there was higher dry matter production capacity of super rice at mid and late developing stage.Furthermore,average output percentage and apparent transformation rates of stem and leaf dry matter for super rice cultivars were all lower than that of the control.Compared to the control,the significant yield of super rice cultivar depends on higher dry matter production and stronger photosynthesis of leaves at mid and late developing stages.
2015, 30(4): 318-321.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.04.002
Abstract:
With super rice‘Liangyou 616'as material,effects of different sowing dates on the yield and grain quality were analyzed.The results showed that the yield of Liangyou 616'was declined gradually with low grain number per spike and seed setting rate postponing the sowing date.Among five different sowing dates,the highest yield of Liangyou 616'was gained on 4th June,and the lowest on 6th July.Liangyou 616'showed good grain quality and high scores of physicochemical properties indices under all sowing time treatments,the highest score appeared sowing on 6th July.Seven indices of Liangyou 616',including brown rice rate,polished rice rate,head milled rice rate,translucent endosperm,alkail value,del consistency and amylose content,all reached high quality standard under all treatments.It was also showed that milled rice rate and the scores of physicochemical properties of Liangyou 616'were increased,and the chalkiness ratio was decreased with the delayed sowing date and the low average temperature of grain-filling stage.Therefore by reasonably late sowing of Liangyou616'to control the temperature of rice grain-filling stage,the yield and grain quality could be both improved in large-scale production of‘Liangyou 616'.
With super rice‘Liangyou 616'as material,effects of different sowing dates on the yield and grain quality were analyzed.The results showed that the yield of Liangyou 616'was declined gradually with low grain number per spike and seed setting rate postponing the sowing date.Among five different sowing dates,the highest yield of Liangyou 616'was gained on 4th June,and the lowest on 6th July.Liangyou 616'showed good grain quality and high scores of physicochemical properties indices under all sowing time treatments,the highest score appeared sowing on 6th July.Seven indices of Liangyou 616',including brown rice rate,polished rice rate,head milled rice rate,translucent endosperm,alkail value,del consistency and amylose content,all reached high quality standard under all treatments.It was also showed that milled rice rate and the scores of physicochemical properties of Liangyou 616'were increased,and the chalkiness ratio was decreased with the delayed sowing date and the low average temperature of grain-filling stage.Therefore by reasonably late sowing of Liangyou616'to control the temperature of rice grain-filling stage,the yield and grain quality could be both improved in large-scale production of‘Liangyou 616'.
2015, 30(4): 322-325.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.04.003
Abstract:
The achievement and problems on breeding and utilization of the restorer lines derived from indicajaponica cross were analyzed in this paper.We believed that main parent of excellent indica restorer lines were crossed with japonica.The results indicated that the bred indica or partial indica restorer lines were showed wide affinity and strong combining ability to the indica male sterile line.There was relationship to some extent between the components of indica-japonica of restorer line and the effective panicles per plant,filed spikelets per panicle,1000-grain weight,grain weight per plant of its combinations.With the increasing of composition of Japonica for the restorer lines,the difficulty and efficiency of breeding would be greatly changed.
The achievement and problems on breeding and utilization of the restorer lines derived from indicajaponica cross were analyzed in this paper.We believed that main parent of excellent indica restorer lines were crossed with japonica.The results indicated that the bred indica or partial indica restorer lines were showed wide affinity and strong combining ability to the indica male sterile line.There was relationship to some extent between the components of indica-japonica of restorer line and the effective panicles per plant,filed spikelets per panicle,1000-grain weight,grain weight per plant of its combinations.With the increasing of composition of Japonica for the restorer lines,the difficulty and efficiency of breeding would be greatly changed.
2015, 30(4): 326-331.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.04.004
Abstract:
To establish the optimal sequence-related amplified polymorphism(SRAP-PCR)system of Lpomoea aquatica,the concentrations of template DNA,10×PCR Buffer(including Mg2+),dNTPs,primer and Taq DNA polymerase,which maybe affect the SRAP-PCR reactions,were optimized by single factor test.The results showed that the optimal SRAP amplification system of lpomoea aquatica was established,which containing 80 ng template DNA,2.5mmol·L-1 10×PCR Buffer(including Mg2+),0.2mmol·L-1 dNTPs,0.4μmol·L-1primer and 1U Taq DNA polymerase.The molecular identification of two Lpomoea aquatica cultivars(‘Ben di'and ‘San cha')were conducted with the optimized SRAP marker system.7out of 25 SRAP primer combinations were selected to distinguish two Lpomoea aquatica cultivars and the amplification products were clear,bright and showed abundant polymorphism bands, which indicated that the optimized SRAP-PCR system could be applied in cultivars identification and genetic diversity research of Lpomoea aquatica.
To establish the optimal sequence-related amplified polymorphism(SRAP-PCR)system of Lpomoea aquatica,the concentrations of template DNA,10×PCR Buffer(including Mg2+),dNTPs,primer and Taq DNA polymerase,which maybe affect the SRAP-PCR reactions,were optimized by single factor test.The results showed that the optimal SRAP amplification system of lpomoea aquatica was established,which containing 80 ng template DNA,2.5mmol·L-1 10×PCR Buffer(including Mg2+),0.2mmol·L-1 dNTPs,0.4μmol·L-1primer and 1U Taq DNA polymerase.The molecular identification of two Lpomoea aquatica cultivars(‘Ben di'and ‘San cha')were conducted with the optimized SRAP marker system.7out of 25 SRAP primer combinations were selected to distinguish two Lpomoea aquatica cultivars and the amplification products were clear,bright and showed abundant polymorphism bands, which indicated that the optimized SRAP-PCR system could be applied in cultivars identification and genetic diversity research of Lpomoea aquatica.
2015, 30(4): 332-338.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.04.005
Abstract:
Heterosis of no-heading Chinese cabbage were compared for triple and doube hybrid with single hybrid.The results showed that the heterosis in single plant weight were different between triple,double and single hybrid of no-heading Chinese cabbage.Based on average,the leaf-stalk weight and single plant weight of triple hybrid were higher than which of single hybrid,while other indices in yield traits were similar for both.The performances of plant height,leaf-stalk length,leaf-stalk weight,and single plant weight were better in single than in double cross hybrid.The growth regularity was the best in single hybrid but the worst in double hybrid.The heat-tolerance of plant was the best in triple hybrid,and that of the double hybrid and single hybrid was similar;The capacity in disease resistance of three hybrid was ranked in order as double cross hybrid,triple hybrid,and then single cross hybrid,while the spread of disease was quicker in double cross hybrid and triple hybrid than in single hybrid.
Heterosis of no-heading Chinese cabbage were compared for triple and doube hybrid with single hybrid.The results showed that the heterosis in single plant weight were different between triple,double and single hybrid of no-heading Chinese cabbage.Based on average,the leaf-stalk weight and single plant weight of triple hybrid were higher than which of single hybrid,while other indices in yield traits were similar for both.The performances of plant height,leaf-stalk length,leaf-stalk weight,and single plant weight were better in single than in double cross hybrid.The growth regularity was the best in single hybrid but the worst in double hybrid.The heat-tolerance of plant was the best in triple hybrid,and that of the double hybrid and single hybrid was similar;The capacity in disease resistance of three hybrid was ranked in order as double cross hybrid,triple hybrid,and then single cross hybrid,while the spread of disease was quicker in double cross hybrid and triple hybrid than in single hybrid.
2015, 30(4): 339-343.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.04.006
Abstract:
Cultivation characteristic of seven Pleurotus geesteranus strains were comparatively studied,their genetic diversity were analyzed by identifying molecular marker of ISSR.The results showed that strains P817 and P618were excellent in comprehensive agronomic traits and the genetic similarity coefficient for tested strains ranged from0.29 to 0.73.Seven strains were divided into 4groups when genetic distance was at 0.59.The strains P817 and P618were grouped differently by genetic distance.The results provide theoretical reference in genetic assessment for Pleurotus geesteranus.
Cultivation characteristic of seven Pleurotus geesteranus strains were comparatively studied,their genetic diversity were analyzed by identifying molecular marker of ISSR.The results showed that strains P817 and P618were excellent in comprehensive agronomic traits and the genetic similarity coefficient for tested strains ranged from0.29 to 0.73.Seven strains were divided into 4groups when genetic distance was at 0.59.The strains P817 and P618were grouped differently by genetic distance.The results provide theoretical reference in genetic assessment for Pleurotus geesteranus.
2015, 30(4): 344-350.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.04.007
Abstract:
In order to solve the quality and safety issues in tea industry,the GAP critical control points and bar code management for the production process were designed based on good agricultural practice(GAP)technology.Using Visual C#.NET object-oriented programming technology and SQL Server 2005 relational database technology,tea quality safety traceability system for client and tea traceability inquiry system based on QR code were developed by DR code identification.Application results showed that the traceability system could help tea enterprises promote standard and safe production according to good agriculture practice.The system provided an effective way for tracking of tea to guarantee product safety and quality for the tea industry,and supplied traceability reference for government supervision.
In order to solve the quality and safety issues in tea industry,the GAP critical control points and bar code management for the production process were designed based on good agricultural practice(GAP)technology.Using Visual C#.NET object-oriented programming technology and SQL Server 2005 relational database technology,tea quality safety traceability system for client and tea traceability inquiry system based on QR code were developed by DR code identification.Application results showed that the traceability system could help tea enterprises promote standard and safe production according to good agriculture practice.The system provided an effective way for tracking of tea to guarantee product safety and quality for the tea industry,and supplied traceability reference for government supervision.
2015, 30(4): 351-356.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.04.008
Abstract:
The bacterial blight is one of the major diseases in rice.One effective control measure for bacterial blight is to breed resistance cultivars through molecular marker closely linked to the resistance genes.The rice bacterial blight resistance gene Xa23,carried by the donor parent IRBB23,was introduced into the restorer line Dongnanhui 012'by regular and back crossing and molecular(marker assisted selection.This research was carried out in low generation without resistance using molecular marker assisted selection with marker C189 closely linked to Xa23 gene,and in high and stable strains using seedling population identification technology.A series of precocious restore lines with homozygous target genes Xa23 and stable good agronomic characters were obtained through testing the flanking marker C189.The eight lines were subject to bacterial blight disease inoculation at the booting stages,and results showed that seven lines were resistant to the most destructive Xoostrain PXO 99(P6).Meanwhile,we also analyzed the main agronomic traits of the seven homozygous lines.These results clearly suggested that the marker C189 linked to Xa23 could be conveniently and effectively used in the bacterial blight resistance breeding programs of rice.
The bacterial blight is one of the major diseases in rice.One effective control measure for bacterial blight is to breed resistance cultivars through molecular marker closely linked to the resistance genes.The rice bacterial blight resistance gene Xa23,carried by the donor parent IRBB23,was introduced into the restorer line Dongnanhui 012'by regular and back crossing and molecular(marker assisted selection.This research was carried out in low generation without resistance using molecular marker assisted selection with marker C189 closely linked to Xa23 gene,and in high and stable strains using seedling population identification technology.A series of precocious restore lines with homozygous target genes Xa23 and stable good agronomic characters were obtained through testing the flanking marker C189.The eight lines were subject to bacterial blight disease inoculation at the booting stages,and results showed that seven lines were resistant to the most destructive Xoostrain PXO 99(P6).Meanwhile,we also analyzed the main agronomic traits of the seven homozygous lines.These results clearly suggested that the marker C189 linked to Xa23 could be conveniently and effectively used in the bacterial blight resistance breeding programs of rice.
2015, 30(4): 357-361.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.04.009
Abstract:
The synergistic toxicity of spirotetramat mixed with thiamethoxam to Bemisia tabaci were measured by insecticide-impregnated filter method,and the results showed that the co-toxicity coefficient(CTC)ranged from122.97 to 167.43,showing the synergistic effect.Based on the result above,40% mixtures of spirotetramat and thiamethoxam SC were made,and its toxicity and control efficacy on B.tabaci and its safety to ornamental chrysanthemum cultivars were studied.The results showed when the active ingredient was 90 g a.i.·hm-2,which was the recommended dose,double dose 180 g a.i.·hm-2,and quadruple dose 360 g a.i.·hm-2,respectively.The mixtures of spirotetramat and thiamethoxam had no significant impact on the growth of three ornamental chrysanthemum cultivars,Calendula officinalis and Callistephus chinensis and Tagetes erecta.So the compound was safe to ornamental chrysanthemum cultivars. After spraying,the control effects of 40% mixtures of spirotetramat and thiamethoxam SC with under 60-90 g a.i.·hm-2 treatment could reach 75.60%-90.67%,which was higher than that of mixtures of 22.4% spirotetramate SC and 25% thiamethoxam WG treatments.Therefore the mixtures were proved to have available and persistent control effect against Bemisia tabaci.
The synergistic toxicity of spirotetramat mixed with thiamethoxam to Bemisia tabaci were measured by insecticide-impregnated filter method,and the results showed that the co-toxicity coefficient(CTC)ranged from122.97 to 167.43,showing the synergistic effect.Based on the result above,40% mixtures of spirotetramat and thiamethoxam SC were made,and its toxicity and control efficacy on B.tabaci and its safety to ornamental chrysanthemum cultivars were studied.The results showed when the active ingredient was 90 g a.i.·hm-2,which was the recommended dose,double dose 180 g a.i.·hm-2,and quadruple dose 360 g a.i.·hm-2,respectively.The mixtures of spirotetramat and thiamethoxam had no significant impact on the growth of three ornamental chrysanthemum cultivars,Calendula officinalis and Callistephus chinensis and Tagetes erecta.So the compound was safe to ornamental chrysanthemum cultivars. After spraying,the control effects of 40% mixtures of spirotetramat and thiamethoxam SC with under 60-90 g a.i.·hm-2 treatment could reach 75.60%-90.67%,which was higher than that of mixtures of 22.4% spirotetramate SC and 25% thiamethoxam WG treatments.Therefore the mixtures were proved to have available and persistent control effect against Bemisia tabaci.
2015, 30(4): 362-366.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.04.010
Abstract:
In this study,the characteristics of growth and sporulation were observed in 9strains of Trichoderma,and the antagonistic effects of them on the soil-borne Phellinus noxius in Hevea brasiliensis were studied with confrontation culture in vitro.The results showed that HCS,DJ1 and ACCC31757strain grew faster,the average growth rate of which were over 4.5cm per day;ACCC30536strain grew the most slowly,the growth rate was only1.5cm per day.Nine strains demonstrated significant difference in their capacity of inhibiting the growth of Phellinus noxius,and three strains of which could effectively inhibit the growth of Phellinus noxius in Hevea brasiliensis.In the eighth day,the inhibition rate of ACCC31642 and HCS for brown root disease pathogen reached100%,and ACCC31639 reached 93.33%.
In this study,the characteristics of growth and sporulation were observed in 9strains of Trichoderma,and the antagonistic effects of them on the soil-borne Phellinus noxius in Hevea brasiliensis were studied with confrontation culture in vitro.The results showed that HCS,DJ1 and ACCC31757strain grew faster,the average growth rate of which were over 4.5cm per day;ACCC30536strain grew the most slowly,the growth rate was only1.5cm per day.Nine strains demonstrated significant difference in their capacity of inhibiting the growth of Phellinus noxius,and three strains of which could effectively inhibit the growth of Phellinus noxius in Hevea brasiliensis.In the eighth day,the inhibition rate of ACCC31642 and HCS for brown root disease pathogen reached100%,and ACCC31639 reached 93.33%.
2015, 30(4): 367-372.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.04.011
Abstract:
In order to make photosynthetic bacteria reached the maximum number of viable cells in the shortest possible time,,the culture inoculation and liquid volume of agents for the mixed culture of natto and photosynthetic bacteria were studied.with orthogonal test.The results showed that 20% of photosynthetic bacteria inoculation,natto inoculum 2%,agent liquid volume 60%in 250 mL flask culture was the best.The effects of mixture culture of photosynthetic bacteria and natto bacteria on the degradation of nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in aquaculture water were also studied.The results showed that the best effect was received when two kinds of bacteria was mixed at 1∶1(v∶v),and the amount of mixed bacterial agents was positive correlation with the degradation of nitrite.Because natto bacteria could transfer organic nitrogen of medium into ammonia,so the increasing of the added amount of mixed inoculant weakened the degradation effects of ammonia nitrogen in aquaculture water.
In order to make photosynthetic bacteria reached the maximum number of viable cells in the shortest possible time,,the culture inoculation and liquid volume of agents for the mixed culture of natto and photosynthetic bacteria were studied.with orthogonal test.The results showed that 20% of photosynthetic bacteria inoculation,natto inoculum 2%,agent liquid volume 60%in 250 mL flask culture was the best.The effects of mixture culture of photosynthetic bacteria and natto bacteria on the degradation of nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in aquaculture water were also studied.The results showed that the best effect was received when two kinds of bacteria was mixed at 1∶1(v∶v),and the amount of mixed bacterial agents was positive correlation with the degradation of nitrite.Because natto bacteria could transfer organic nitrogen of medium into ammonia,so the increasing of the added amount of mixed inoculant weakened the degradation effects of ammonia nitrogen in aquaculture water.
2015, 30(4): 373-379.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.04.012
Abstract:
Characteristics of soil CO2 efflux under different fertilizer treatments were investigated by the method of CO2 absorption into alkaline solution in a vegetable plot of Fuzhou suburb,and the relationship between soil temperature and CO2 emission was also studied.The results showed that soil CO2 flux was higher during the night than the day at the seedling stage and early development stage of amaranth;but was opposite at the late development stage,and decreased as time.Soil CO2 flux for seven fertilizer treatments was the highest at seedling stage,which were respectively 2 379.08,2 482.93,2 129.94,1 299.02,1 890.04,2 293.61,3 029.99mg·m-2·d-1 for CK and all treatments.The lowest CO2 flux was observed at late development stage of amaranth.Among different fertilizing treatments,the lowest CO2flux(209.96 mg·m-2·d-1)was recorded in chemial fertilizer and longacting fertilizer basal application treatment,and the highest CO2flux(3 029.99 mg·m-2·d-1)in 1/2organic fertilizer(basal application)+1/2chemical fertilizer(N and P fertilizer dressing application,and K fertilizer bascal application)+long-acting fertilizer(dressing application)treatment,indicating that chemial fertilizer and longacting fertilizer basal application fertilizer treatment was suitable for vegetable field management in Fuzhou.Meanwhile,by exponential regression analysis,the significantly positive correlation was found between soil CO2 efflux and soil temperature at 15 cm depth under seven fertilizer treatments.
Characteristics of soil CO2 efflux under different fertilizer treatments were investigated by the method of CO2 absorption into alkaline solution in a vegetable plot of Fuzhou suburb,and the relationship between soil temperature and CO2 emission was also studied.The results showed that soil CO2 flux was higher during the night than the day at the seedling stage and early development stage of amaranth;but was opposite at the late development stage,and decreased as time.Soil CO2 flux for seven fertilizer treatments was the highest at seedling stage,which were respectively 2 379.08,2 482.93,2 129.94,1 299.02,1 890.04,2 293.61,3 029.99mg·m-2·d-1 for CK and all treatments.The lowest CO2 flux was observed at late development stage of amaranth.Among different fertilizing treatments,the lowest CO2flux(209.96 mg·m-2·d-1)was recorded in chemial fertilizer and longacting fertilizer basal application treatment,and the highest CO2flux(3 029.99 mg·m-2·d-1)in 1/2organic fertilizer(basal application)+1/2chemical fertilizer(N and P fertilizer dressing application,and K fertilizer bascal application)+long-acting fertilizer(dressing application)treatment,indicating that chemial fertilizer and longacting fertilizer basal application fertilizer treatment was suitable for vegetable field management in Fuzhou.Meanwhile,by exponential regression analysis,the significantly positive correlation was found between soil CO2 efflux and soil temperature at 15 cm depth under seven fertilizer treatments.
2015, 30(4): 380-385.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.04.013
Abstract:
Cold-waterlogged paddy field with low-yield are very common in south China.During growing period of the single-crop rice in Minhou County of Fujian,the kinds,concentrations and dynamics of reductive organic acids were analyzed in the soil around the rice roots grown in the cold-waterlogged paddy fields comparing to that of the non-cold soak fields within the same micro-geomorphic units,and the relationship between reductive organic and rice growth were also detected.The results showed that the organic reducing acids in the cold soak fields were mainly consist of oxalic acids,accounting for more than 80% of the total organic acids.Amount of organic acids in cold soak fields developed in different terrains significantly were higher than those in non-cold soak fields.As the rice growing,the amounts of organic acids and sodium manganese were correspondingly increasing,while ferrous decreasing.Significantly negative correlation between organic reducing acids and rice biomass and grain yield was found.Regression equations indicated that organic reducing acids showed higher inhibitive effect on the grain yield,compared to ferrous and manganite.
Cold-waterlogged paddy field with low-yield are very common in south China.During growing period of the single-crop rice in Minhou County of Fujian,the kinds,concentrations and dynamics of reductive organic acids were analyzed in the soil around the rice roots grown in the cold-waterlogged paddy fields comparing to that of the non-cold soak fields within the same micro-geomorphic units,and the relationship between reductive organic and rice growth were also detected.The results showed that the organic reducing acids in the cold soak fields were mainly consist of oxalic acids,accounting for more than 80% of the total organic acids.Amount of organic acids in cold soak fields developed in different terrains significantly were higher than those in non-cold soak fields.As the rice growing,the amounts of organic acids and sodium manganese were correspondingly increasing,while ferrous decreasing.Significantly negative correlation between organic reducing acids and rice biomass and grain yield was found.Regression equations indicated that organic reducing acids showed higher inhibitive effect on the grain yield,compared to ferrous and manganite.
2015, 30(4): 386-393.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.04.014
Abstract:
Bacillus subtilis CS16 could effectively inhibit banana fusarium wilt pathogen.The formation conditions for CS 16 were optimized in this study.By single factor orthogonal experiment,the fermentation medium and culture conditions were selected to improve the antibacterial activity of CS 16.The results showed that the optimal culture conditions were fermentation medium consisting of corn flour 0.5%,soybean meal 1.5%,K2HPO40.1%,with culture pH 7.5,inoculation valum 4%,culture fluid volume 50mL/250 mL.In which,by culturing 24hat30℃,the biomass of CS 16 reached to 3.3 × 109 cfu· mL-1 that was 42 times higher than that of control.Meanwhile,the antibacterial activity of CS 16 increased by 7%.It was found that antimicrobial compounds of CS 16 could be grouped into two types:to kill the pathogenic cells or to inhibit the growth of pathogenic hyphae.
Bacillus subtilis CS16 could effectively inhibit banana fusarium wilt pathogen.The formation conditions for CS 16 were optimized in this study.By single factor orthogonal experiment,the fermentation medium and culture conditions were selected to improve the antibacterial activity of CS 16.The results showed that the optimal culture conditions were fermentation medium consisting of corn flour 0.5%,soybean meal 1.5%,K2HPO40.1%,with culture pH 7.5,inoculation valum 4%,culture fluid volume 50mL/250 mL.In which,by culturing 24hat30℃,the biomass of CS 16 reached to 3.3 × 109 cfu· mL-1 that was 42 times higher than that of control.Meanwhile,the antibacterial activity of CS 16 increased by 7%.It was found that antimicrobial compounds of CS 16 could be grouped into two types:to kill the pathogenic cells or to inhibit the growth of pathogenic hyphae.
2015, 30(4): 394-399.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.04.015
Abstract:
To improve strongly-acidified soil quality of tea garden,a laboratory simulation test of column-leach was carried out to investigate the effects of applying different nitrogen rates on the pH,ammonium nitrogen(NH+4-N)and nitrate nitrogen(NO-3-N)of soil leachate.With urea as nitrogen fertilizer,the different applications were respectively treated with N0(0kg·hm-2),N1(150kg·hm-2),N2(300kg·hm-2),N3(450kg·hm-2)and N4(600kg·km-2).The results showed that the pH values of soil leachate were be decreased by 0.08~0.32and0.35~0.81 with different N application rates,resulting in more soil acidification.The leaching amounts of NH+4-N and NO-3-N were increased by increasing rates of nitrogen fertilizer,and 47.66%~71.31%inorganic nitrogen was lost in leaching water.The regression equation between inorganic nitrogen loss(Y)and N application rates(X)was Y = 0.708 X +145.27(R2=0.98).The leaching of NH+4-N and NO-3-N majorly occurred at the first five times,and the leaching amounts of NO-3-N accounted for 73.50%~89.21% of the total leaching inorganic nitrogen.
To improve strongly-acidified soil quality of tea garden,a laboratory simulation test of column-leach was carried out to investigate the effects of applying different nitrogen rates on the pH,ammonium nitrogen(NH+4-N)and nitrate nitrogen(NO-3-N)of soil leachate.With urea as nitrogen fertilizer,the different applications were respectively treated with N0(0kg·hm-2),N1(150kg·hm-2),N2(300kg·hm-2),N3(450kg·hm-2)and N4(600kg·km-2).The results showed that the pH values of soil leachate were be decreased by 0.08~0.32and0.35~0.81 with different N application rates,resulting in more soil acidification.The leaching amounts of NH+4-N and NO-3-N were increased by increasing rates of nitrogen fertilizer,and 47.66%~71.31%inorganic nitrogen was lost in leaching water.The regression equation between inorganic nitrogen loss(Y)and N application rates(X)was Y = 0.708 X +145.27(R2=0.98).The leaching of NH+4-N and NO-3-N majorly occurred at the first five times,and the leaching amounts of NO-3-N accounted for 73.50%~89.21% of the total leaching inorganic nitrogen.
2015, 30(4): 400-405.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.04.016
Abstract:
In order to apply pulsed light techniques in sterilization for instant Pleurotus eryngii products,a series of experiments were taken firstly to confirm proper flash time and flash mode of the pulsed light,then to compare its effect on the color and texture of instant products and the sterilization,finally to study the application with pulse light in assisting to heating and biological bacteriostatic agent on instant Pleurotus eryngii products.The results showed that the best effect of pulsed light was flashing 20 son both sides of the products and was irradiated after packaging.There were no significant influence of 20 sflash of pulsed light sterilization on the sensorial quality(color,texture)of instant Pleurotus eryngii,and killing rate in surface stained Escherichia coli,Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus' was 98.34%,91.42%,98.73%,respectively.The products with radiating both sides for 20 s,then sterilizing 20 min in boiling water and adding Nisin 50mg·kg-1,their shelf life could be lasted for 60 days with qualified sensorial quality and the colony of the products met the quality requirements.The experiments provided theoretical basis in applying pulsed light techniques for processing of instant Pleurotus eryngii products.
In order to apply pulsed light techniques in sterilization for instant Pleurotus eryngii products,a series of experiments were taken firstly to confirm proper flash time and flash mode of the pulsed light,then to compare its effect on the color and texture of instant products and the sterilization,finally to study the application with pulse light in assisting to heating and biological bacteriostatic agent on instant Pleurotus eryngii products.The results showed that the best effect of pulsed light was flashing 20 son both sides of the products and was irradiated after packaging.There were no significant influence of 20 sflash of pulsed light sterilization on the sensorial quality(color,texture)of instant Pleurotus eryngii,and killing rate in surface stained Escherichia coli,Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus' was 98.34%,91.42%,98.73%,respectively.The products with radiating both sides for 20 s,then sterilizing 20 min in boiling water and adding Nisin 50mg·kg-1,their shelf life could be lasted for 60 days with qualified sensorial quality and the colony of the products met the quality requirements.The experiments provided theoretical basis in applying pulsed light techniques for processing of instant Pleurotus eryngii products.
2015, 30(4): 406-410.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.04.017
Abstract:
With ICP-AES method,heavy metals in tea infusion,including Cd,Cr,Cu,Fe,Ni,Pb,Ti,Co,Mn and Zn,were detected under different tea soaking conditions.The results showed that suitable conditions of soaking tea could effectively control heavy metal intake within minimum range.Leaching rates of heavy metals were compared between different tea kinds with same soaking conditions or among three soaking conditions for same tea.Resultsshowed that the leaching rates of heavy metals in tea were related to the source of heavy metals.Heavy metals in tea originated from the soil were difficult to leach,whereas heavy metals originated from atmospheric precipitation or introduced during the machining process were easier to leach.
With ICP-AES method,heavy metals in tea infusion,including Cd,Cr,Cu,Fe,Ni,Pb,Ti,Co,Mn and Zn,were detected under different tea soaking conditions.The results showed that suitable conditions of soaking tea could effectively control heavy metal intake within minimum range.Leaching rates of heavy metals were compared between different tea kinds with same soaking conditions or among three soaking conditions for same tea.Resultsshowed that the leaching rates of heavy metals in tea were related to the source of heavy metals.Heavy metals in tea originated from the soil were difficult to leach,whereas heavy metals originated from atmospheric precipitation or introduced during the machining process were easier to leach.
Effects of Plant New Varieties Protection on Breeding Research and the Corresponding Countermeasures
2015, 30(4): 411-416.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.04.018
Abstract:
Strengthening the plant new varieties protection is the core to promote the trade of agricultural products and enhance the international competition ability for all the nations in the world.In this paper,by referring to the systems and enterprise-oriented breeding researches in developed countries,the effects and achievements of the breeding research system in our country were investigated.The results showed that plant new varieties protection played an important role in the encouraging breeding research and promoting modern agriculture development.There were still problems existed like system deficiency and low ability on creation,etc.Thus the plant new varieties protection system was suggested to be enhanced from policy on administration,system choice,protection mode,resource protection,breeding enterprise,operation system,and so on,in order to innovate the breeding research.
Strengthening the plant new varieties protection is the core to promote the trade of agricultural products and enhance the international competition ability for all the nations in the world.In this paper,by referring to the systems and enterprise-oriented breeding researches in developed countries,the effects and achievements of the breeding research system in our country were investigated.The results showed that plant new varieties protection played an important role in the encouraging breeding research and promoting modern agriculture development.There were still problems existed like system deficiency and low ability on creation,etc.Thus the plant new varieties protection system was suggested to be enhanced from policy on administration,system choice,protection mode,resource protection,breeding enterprise,operation system,and so on,in order to innovate the breeding research.
2015, 30(4): 417-424.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.04.019
Abstract:
There is strong heterosis between indica and japonica subspecies of rice(Oryza sativa L.),but the utilization of the inter-subspecies heterosis is seriously restricted by sterility problem of hybrid F1 of indica and japonicarice.Application of rice wide-compatibility resources and genes is considered to be a key to overcome the hybrid sterility.In this paper,we summarized recent advances in genetics research of rice wide-compatibility,and the mapping,cloning and molecular mechanisms of the related genes in recent years,meanwhile the problems and solutions for the utilization of the inter-subspecies heterosis in rice breeding were also discussed.
There is strong heterosis between indica and japonica subspecies of rice(Oryza sativa L.),but the utilization of the inter-subspecies heterosis is seriously restricted by sterility problem of hybrid F1 of indica and japonicarice.Application of rice wide-compatibility resources and genes is considered to be a key to overcome the hybrid sterility.In this paper,we summarized recent advances in genetics research of rice wide-compatibility,and the mapping,cloning and molecular mechanisms of the related genes in recent years,meanwhile the problems and solutions for the utilization of the inter-subspecies heterosis in rice breeding were also discussed.
