2015 Vol. 30, No. 3
Display Method:
2015, 30(3): 209-215.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.03.001
Abstract:
This study established detection of duck RIG-I,MDA5,IFN-αand IFN-γ mRNA relative expression levels synchronous of SYBR GreenⅠreal-time quantitative PCR for the first time.GAPDH was used as an internal reference.Cloning plasmids of objective genes were used as the standards for establishing standard curves for analysis of the melting curve,repeatability and stability.The linear range of Ct values of the method was 12.0to32.0.The amplification efficiencies of target genes(RIG-I,MDA5,IFN-α,IFN-γ)and the reference gene(GAPDH)were from 95% to 105%,and the correlation coefficients were above 0.99.The melting curve of amplification product only appeared a specific single peak,and there was no primer dimer or other non-specific product formation.Tm values of RIG-I,MDA5,IFN-α,IFN-γand GAPDH were(81.9±0.33),(81.9±0.32),(93.6±0.23),(81.8±0.28)and(87.8±0.24)℃,respectively.The sensitivity reached 100copies·μL-1,and repeatability and stability were good.This method would lay the foundation for further study of correlation between duck RIG-I like receptor,interferonand immune function from the mRNA levels.
This study established detection of duck RIG-I,MDA5,IFN-αand IFN-γ mRNA relative expression levels synchronous of SYBR GreenⅠreal-time quantitative PCR for the first time.GAPDH was used as an internal reference.Cloning plasmids of objective genes were used as the standards for establishing standard curves for analysis of the melting curve,repeatability and stability.The linear range of Ct values of the method was 12.0to32.0.The amplification efficiencies of target genes(RIG-I,MDA5,IFN-α,IFN-γ)and the reference gene(GAPDH)were from 95% to 105%,and the correlation coefficients were above 0.99.The melting curve of amplification product only appeared a specific single peak,and there was no primer dimer or other non-specific product formation.Tm values of RIG-I,MDA5,IFN-α,IFN-γand GAPDH were(81.9±0.33),(81.9±0.32),(93.6±0.23),(81.8±0.28)and(87.8±0.24)℃,respectively.The sensitivity reached 100copies·μL-1,and repeatability and stability were good.This method would lay the foundation for further study of correlation between duck RIG-I like receptor,interferonand immune function from the mRNA levels.
2015, 30(3): 216-221.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.03.002
Abstract:
The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of four dietary digestible lysine levels on the growth performance and serum indices of replacement gilts from 40 to 70kilograms based on corn-soybean meal with isoenergy and the same ideal amino acid pattern.A total of one hundred and twenty two-line crossbred gilts(Landrace×Large White),with 40 kg of average body weigh and similar body conditions were allocated to four groups with three replicates per group and ten per replicate.The gilts were fed with four diets with different digestible lysine(DLys)levels of 0.68%(trial group 1),0.73%(trial group 2),0.78%(trial group 3)and 0.83%(trial group4).The results showed that average daily gain(ADG)(787.43g)were highest and F/G(2.55)were lowest in trial group 3(P<0.05),the concentration of BUN was significantly lower than that in other trial groups(P<0.05),and the concentration of IGF-Ⅰ was no significant difference among the trial groups(P >0.05).In conclusion,the optimum level of DLys in replacement gilt weighting 40 to 70kg based on this experiment were0.78%,or 0.57g·MJ-1 as expressed with digestive energy(DE).
The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of four dietary digestible lysine levels on the growth performance and serum indices of replacement gilts from 40 to 70kilograms based on corn-soybean meal with isoenergy and the same ideal amino acid pattern.A total of one hundred and twenty two-line crossbred gilts(Landrace×Large White),with 40 kg of average body weigh and similar body conditions were allocated to four groups with three replicates per group and ten per replicate.The gilts were fed with four diets with different digestible lysine(DLys)levels of 0.68%(trial group 1),0.73%(trial group 2),0.78%(trial group 3)and 0.83%(trial group4).The results showed that average daily gain(ADG)(787.43g)were highest and F/G(2.55)were lowest in trial group 3(P<0.05),the concentration of BUN was significantly lower than that in other trial groups(P<0.05),and the concentration of IGF-Ⅰ was no significant difference among the trial groups(P >0.05).In conclusion,the optimum level of DLys in replacement gilt weighting 40 to 70kg based on this experiment were0.78%,or 0.57g·MJ-1 as expressed with digestive energy(DE).
2015, 30(3): 222-227.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.03.003
Abstract:
The effects of Bacillus Subtilis on muscle nutrition of Philippine eel,Anguill marmorata were investigated.Analysis of the amino acid composition and fatty acid composition of Anguill marmorata fed with Bacillus Subtilis showed no significant differences in moisture content,protein content and fat content among 4groups(P>0.05).Anguill marmorata is a high-quality protein source according to FAO/WHO model,which contains Glu with the maximum content,and followed by Asp,Arg and Lys,while Bacillus Subtilis showed no significant effect on amino acid composition of muscle of Anguill marmorata(P>0.05).All these amino acids are helpful for recovery,and also make up for lack of Lys in grain.,Muscle of Anguill marmorata contains more than11 kinds of fatty acid,including 3kinds of saturated fatty acid,4kinds of monounsaturated fatty acid and 3kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acid.Meanwhile,Anguill marmorata is rich in unsaturated fatty acid(63.2%,65.2%).When the Bacillus Subtilis supplemental level was between 1% to 3%,the MUFA and PUFA content were enhanced significantly(P<0.05).
The effects of Bacillus Subtilis on muscle nutrition of Philippine eel,Anguill marmorata were investigated.Analysis of the amino acid composition and fatty acid composition of Anguill marmorata fed with Bacillus Subtilis showed no significant differences in moisture content,protein content and fat content among 4groups(P>0.05).Anguill marmorata is a high-quality protein source according to FAO/WHO model,which contains Glu with the maximum content,and followed by Asp,Arg and Lys,while Bacillus Subtilis showed no significant effect on amino acid composition of muscle of Anguill marmorata(P>0.05).All these amino acids are helpful for recovery,and also make up for lack of Lys in grain.,Muscle of Anguill marmorata contains more than11 kinds of fatty acid,including 3kinds of saturated fatty acid,4kinds of monounsaturated fatty acid and 3kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acid.Meanwhile,Anguill marmorata is rich in unsaturated fatty acid(63.2%,65.2%).When the Bacillus Subtilis supplemental level was between 1% to 3%,the MUFA and PUFA content were enhanced significantly(P<0.05).
2015, 30(3): 228-234.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.03.004
Abstract:
The nutritional components from foot muscle of RITAI Haliotisdiversicolor(Japan population and Taiwan population)and their reciprocal hybrids(‘Dongyou 1')were comparatively analyzed according to the national standard method.The protein content in‘Dongyou 1'was significantly lower than that of Japan population but higher than that of Taiwan population,while the lipid content in‘Dongyou 1'was higher than its parents.Total amino acids(TAA),essential amino acids(EAA)and delicious amino acids(DAA)in ‘Dongyou 1'and Japan population are higher than Taiwan population(P<0.05).SRCAA of all the 3groups are higher than 80%,and E/T and E/N of them are consistent with the FAO/WHO proteinaceous model.Contents of saturated fatty acid(SFA)and essential fatty acid(EFA)in ‘Dongyou 1'were lower than its parents;Content of unsaturated fatty acid(UFA)in ‘Dongyou 1'was between that of Taiwan population and Japan population.ΣPUFA(n-6)/ΣPUFA(n-3)of ‘Dongyou 1'was lower than its parents,andΣPUFA/ΣSFA of ‘Dongyou 1'was higher than its parents.All the 3kinds of foot muscles contained complete and equilibratory amino acids and fatty acids,and have been proved to be nutritive protein sources,furthermore,Dongyou No.1 may be preferable than its parents for healthy diet.
The nutritional components from foot muscle of RITAI Haliotisdiversicolor(Japan population and Taiwan population)and their reciprocal hybrids(‘Dongyou 1')were comparatively analyzed according to the national standard method.The protein content in‘Dongyou 1'was significantly lower than that of Japan population but higher than that of Taiwan population,while the lipid content in‘Dongyou 1'was higher than its parents.Total amino acids(TAA),essential amino acids(EAA)and delicious amino acids(DAA)in ‘Dongyou 1'and Japan population are higher than Taiwan population(P<0.05).SRCAA of all the 3groups are higher than 80%,and E/T and E/N of them are consistent with the FAO/WHO proteinaceous model.Contents of saturated fatty acid(SFA)and essential fatty acid(EFA)in ‘Dongyou 1'were lower than its parents;Content of unsaturated fatty acid(UFA)in ‘Dongyou 1'was between that of Taiwan population and Japan population.ΣPUFA(n-6)/ΣPUFA(n-3)of ‘Dongyou 1'was lower than its parents,andΣPUFA/ΣSFA of ‘Dongyou 1'was higher than its parents.All the 3kinds of foot muscles contained complete and equilibratory amino acids and fatty acids,and have been proved to be nutritive protein sources,furthermore,Dongyou No.1 may be preferable than its parents for healthy diet.
2015, 30(3): 235-238.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.03.005
Abstract:
The variety of hybrid rice,Tianyou 2075 was developed between crossing the high quality 3-line male sterile Tianfeng A and the restorer line,Fuhui 2075.The hybrid rice variety,Tianyou 2075 exhibited some good characteristics including uniformity population,good color exchange during mycelium ripening,high-yield,stable yiled,ecological adaptabilities and high seed yield.The variety was certified by National Crop Variety Evaluation Committe in 2013.The restore line,Fuhui 2075 was bred by crossing Zhi 8as the female parent with Hang 1in Sanya,Hainan in the Spring,2003.The F1 derived from the combination was crossed with the male parent,Shuhui527 in the Fall,2003.Then its progenies were repeatedly cultivated in the rice-blast-infected filed to ensure cultivar stability.The bred procedures and some characteristics of the variety Tianyou 2075 were described in the paper.
The variety of hybrid rice,Tianyou 2075 was developed between crossing the high quality 3-line male sterile Tianfeng A and the restorer line,Fuhui 2075.The hybrid rice variety,Tianyou 2075 exhibited some good characteristics including uniformity population,good color exchange during mycelium ripening,high-yield,stable yiled,ecological adaptabilities and high seed yield.The variety was certified by National Crop Variety Evaluation Committe in 2013.The restore line,Fuhui 2075 was bred by crossing Zhi 8as the female parent with Hang 1in Sanya,Hainan in the Spring,2003.The F1 derived from the combination was crossed with the male parent,Shuhui527 in the Fall,2003.Then its progenies were repeatedly cultivated in the rice-blast-infected filed to ensure cultivar stability.The bred procedures and some characteristics of the variety Tianyou 2075 were described in the paper.
Fertilizer Response and Optimum Application Rate of NPK for‘Guangliangyou 676'as Post-vegetable Rice
2015, 30(3): 239-242.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.03.006
Abstract:
We carried out the research on the NPK fertilizer response of the super high-yielding rice variety‘Guangliangyou 676'grown on vegetable field with ‘3414'the optimum regression design.The results indicated that N application could significantly increase the yield of rice in the lower alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,but rich available phosphorus and potassium in the vegetable field.P,K application could improve it to some degree.According to the imitative results of regression equation,the economic application rates of N,P2O5 and K2O were103kg·hm-2,41kg·hm-2and 103kg·hm-2,respectively.The proper ratio of N∶P2O5∶K2O was 1∶0.4∶1in the vegetable field.
We carried out the research on the NPK fertilizer response of the super high-yielding rice variety‘Guangliangyou 676'grown on vegetable field with ‘3414'the optimum regression design.The results indicated that N application could significantly increase the yield of rice in the lower alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,but rich available phosphorus and potassium in the vegetable field.P,K application could improve it to some degree.According to the imitative results of regression equation,the economic application rates of N,P2O5 and K2O were103kg·hm-2,41kg·hm-2and 103kg·hm-2,respectively.The proper ratio of N∶P2O5∶K2O was 1∶0.4∶1in the vegetable field.
2015, 30(3): 243-248.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.03.007
Abstract:
Shortage of effective potassium and toxicity of Fe2+are important limited factors to rice yield in coldwaterlogged paddy field.Based on the field experiment,the effects of rice growth physiology,plant potassium iron nutrient accumulation and rice yield components were studied in cold-waterlogged paddy field under different potassium utilized in the paper.The results indicated that the content of chlorophyll a+b and photosynthetic ratio could respectively improve 10.53% ~22.67%、27.71% ~48.62% in booting stage under potassium fertilizer increasement,10.53%~22.67%、27.71%~48.62% for root activity improved respectively in booting stage and mature stage.Meanwhile,rice yield could improve 4.93%~14.77%.Potassium fertilizer increased could not only promote the absorption and transportation of potassium,inhibit the iron accumulation of rice root,but only could reduce respectively 0.04~0.73、0.33~0.95 and 0.62~0.82 percentage point for the content of iron in tillering stage,booting stage and mature stage,indicating that it was a significantly negative correlation between rice root potash content and iron content in tillering stage.Potassium fertilizer increasement could improve the root activity,strengthen the photosynthesis,promote the synthetic and transportation of carbohydrates,inhibit the toxicity of Fe2+.So potassium fertilizer increasement could play the production potential for cold-waterlogged paddy field.
Shortage of effective potassium and toxicity of Fe2+are important limited factors to rice yield in coldwaterlogged paddy field.Based on the field experiment,the effects of rice growth physiology,plant potassium iron nutrient accumulation and rice yield components were studied in cold-waterlogged paddy field under different potassium utilized in the paper.The results indicated that the content of chlorophyll a+b and photosynthetic ratio could respectively improve 10.53% ~22.67%、27.71% ~48.62% in booting stage under potassium fertilizer increasement,10.53%~22.67%、27.71%~48.62% for root activity improved respectively in booting stage and mature stage.Meanwhile,rice yield could improve 4.93%~14.77%.Potassium fertilizer increased could not only promote the absorption and transportation of potassium,inhibit the iron accumulation of rice root,but only could reduce respectively 0.04~0.73、0.33~0.95 and 0.62~0.82 percentage point for the content of iron in tillering stage,booting stage and mature stage,indicating that it was a significantly negative correlation between rice root potash content and iron content in tillering stage.Potassium fertilizer increasement could improve the root activity,strengthen the photosynthesis,promote the synthetic and transportation of carbohydrates,inhibit the toxicity of Fe2+.So potassium fertilizer increasement could play the production potential for cold-waterlogged paddy field.
2015, 30(3): 249-252.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.03.008
Abstract:
Twelve faba bean varieties,6domestic autumn-sowing and 6introduced from foreign countries,were studied in genetic diversity for their agronomic and quality traits.The results showed that,among 9traits,the coefficient of variance in total bean number and growth period was the largest one and the smallest one for 79.66%and 3.58%,respectively.The correlation coefficient was significantly positive between protein content and hundred bean weight,the total bean number with total pod number or branch number,the total pod number with branch number,but was significantly negative between amylopectin content and protein content.The 12 varieties were clustered into 3groups by mean of Euclidean distance in D2 as 5,and the quantity of varieties inⅠ,ⅡandⅢ groups was 5,2and 5varieties,respectively.The varieties in geographic distance close did not gather together.It meant that the geographic origin of the varieties might not be relative to their genetic relationship.
Twelve faba bean varieties,6domestic autumn-sowing and 6introduced from foreign countries,were studied in genetic diversity for their agronomic and quality traits.The results showed that,among 9traits,the coefficient of variance in total bean number and growth period was the largest one and the smallest one for 79.66%and 3.58%,respectively.The correlation coefficient was significantly positive between protein content and hundred bean weight,the total bean number with total pod number or branch number,the total pod number with branch number,but was significantly negative between amylopectin content and protein content.The 12 varieties were clustered into 3groups by mean of Euclidean distance in D2 as 5,and the quantity of varieties inⅠ,ⅡandⅢ groups was 5,2and 5varieties,respectively.The varieties in geographic distance close did not gather together.It meant that the geographic origin of the varieties might not be relative to their genetic relationship.
2015, 30(3): 253-257.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.03.009
Abstract:
The stem segment of Siraitia grosvenorii was used as the material for establishing of tissue culture system with micropropogation.The results showed that the medium of MS + 6-BA 1.0mg·L-1+ NAA 0.10mg·L-1+sucrose 30g·L-1+agar 6.0g·L-1 was suitable for inducing axillary bud with induction rate of 40.0%.Single nodes cutting and accelerating for axillary buds growth were applied in subculture and optimal medium was 2/3in modified MS + IBA 0.5 mg·L-1+ GA3 0.3 mg·L-1+ sucrose 40g·L-1+ agar 6.0 g·L-1,with proliferation coefficient 4.0.The optimal rooting medium was 1/2in modified MS +IBA 0.5mg·L-1+ sucrose2.0% + AC 0.1% + agar 6.0g·L-1,with rooting rate of 94%.The suitable transplanting medium was peat soil+ pearlite in the ratio of 10∶2,with survival rate for 97.8%.
The stem segment of Siraitia grosvenorii was used as the material for establishing of tissue culture system with micropropogation.The results showed that the medium of MS + 6-BA 1.0mg·L-1+ NAA 0.10mg·L-1+sucrose 30g·L-1+agar 6.0g·L-1 was suitable for inducing axillary bud with induction rate of 40.0%.Single nodes cutting and accelerating for axillary buds growth were applied in subculture and optimal medium was 2/3in modified MS + IBA 0.5 mg·L-1+ GA3 0.3 mg·L-1+ sucrose 40g·L-1+ agar 6.0 g·L-1,with proliferation coefficient 4.0.The optimal rooting medium was 1/2in modified MS +IBA 0.5mg·L-1+ sucrose2.0% + AC 0.1% + agar 6.0g·L-1,with rooting rate of 94%.The suitable transplanting medium was peat soil+ pearlite in the ratio of 10∶2,with survival rate for 97.8%.
2015, 30(3): 258-263.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.03.010
Abstract:
To analyze the pollen vitality and hybrid pod setting ability of Oncidium,20 varieties were used as materials,2,3,5-Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride(TTC)was applied to determine the pollen vitality,and mating combinations were prepared for hybridization pollination experiments.The results showed that the highest pollen vitality of Oncidium was occurred when the day flowers blooming.Pollen vitality performed differently between the varieties and 16 varieties showed pollen vitality with range from 2.00% to 72.33%.The varieties with pollen dynamic were used as male parent,27 hybrid combinations were prepared,the 14 of them were mature in fruit with pod setting rate from 8.33%to 94.83%.The rate of pod setting was higher in interspecific hybridization(70.00%)than in intergeneric hybridization(41.18%).
To analyze the pollen vitality and hybrid pod setting ability of Oncidium,20 varieties were used as materials,2,3,5-Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride(TTC)was applied to determine the pollen vitality,and mating combinations were prepared for hybridization pollination experiments.The results showed that the highest pollen vitality of Oncidium was occurred when the day flowers blooming.Pollen vitality performed differently between the varieties and 16 varieties showed pollen vitality with range from 2.00% to 72.33%.The varieties with pollen dynamic were used as male parent,27 hybrid combinations were prepared,the 14 of them were mature in fruit with pod setting rate from 8.33%to 94.83%.The rate of pod setting was higher in interspecific hybridization(70.00%)than in intergeneric hybridization(41.18%).
2015, 30(3): 264-268.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.03.011
Abstract:
Self-reproducing bulblet of lily ‘Siberia'were used as materials to study variation effect of different treatment factors on bulb vigor index.The results showed that:low temperature at-2℃ and 2℃induced bolting,accelerated vigor expression of bulblet;treatment duration in 135-165 dwas the best for vigor expression;5-8g large size bulblet performed overall strong vigor;and culture bulblet for more than 5.5months could obtain bulblet in high vigor.With two quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination analysis,heat treatment at 37℃for 3h was optimal on bulblet vigor index.Heat-treatment stored up energy in bulblet for its vernalization at low temperature.
Self-reproducing bulblet of lily ‘Siberia'were used as materials to study variation effect of different treatment factors on bulb vigor index.The results showed that:low temperature at-2℃ and 2℃induced bolting,accelerated vigor expression of bulblet;treatment duration in 135-165 dwas the best for vigor expression;5-8g large size bulblet performed overall strong vigor;and culture bulblet for more than 5.5months could obtain bulblet in high vigor.With two quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination analysis,heat treatment at 37℃for 3h was optimal on bulblet vigor index.Heat-treatment stored up energy in bulblet for its vernalization at low temperature.
2015, 30(3): 269-272.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.03.012
Abstract:
Four formulated culture media for the commercialized cultivation of Flammulina velutipe with high biological efficiency and economic benefit were selected.They were compared and subjected to financial analysis.The results showed that,among the 4formulations,Formula No.1produced the fastest and strongest mycelial growth with desirable agronomic traits on the fruiting body,yield(379 g·bag-1)and biological efficiency(84.2percent),as well as the highest economic return on the mushroom cultivation.It was followed by Formula No.3.Consequently,either Formula No.1or 3could be promoted for the mushroom cultivation.
Four formulated culture media for the commercialized cultivation of Flammulina velutipe with high biological efficiency and economic benefit were selected.They were compared and subjected to financial analysis.The results showed that,among the 4formulations,Formula No.1produced the fastest and strongest mycelial growth with desirable agronomic traits on the fruiting body,yield(379 g·bag-1)and biological efficiency(84.2percent),as well as the highest economic return on the mushroom cultivation.It was followed by Formula No.3.Consequently,either Formula No.1or 3could be promoted for the mushroom cultivation.
2015, 30(3): 273-277.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.03.013
Abstract:
All potentially hazardous occurrences in the production of mushroom spawn using breathable bags were analyzed to establish the critical control points for an HACCP program.For each CCP,precautionary measures designed to minimize the potential hazards are included to assure the product safety and quality.
All potentially hazardous occurrences in the production of mushroom spawn using breathable bags were analyzed to establish the critical control points for an HACCP program.For each CCP,precautionary measures designed to minimize the potential hazards are included to assure the product safety and quality.
2015, 30(3): 278-281.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.03.014
Abstract:
In this paper,the dynamics of Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)on four host plants(e.g.cauliflower,cabbage,cucumber and tomato)were investigated.Our results showed that the number of eggs and nymphae of B.tabaci increased with the growth of host plants continually and peaked at 1th October,then it decreased gradually.However,the dynamics were different among the hosts and leaf sections.The number of eggs and nymphae of B.tabaci on the four hosts was tomato>cucumber>cauliflower>cabbage.In addition,eggs of B.tabaci were mainly on the upper and middle leaves,but the number on the upper was more and the difference between on the upper and bottom was significant.In the contrast,the nymphae were mainly on the middle and bottom leaves,but there was not significant on the upper and bottom.In the end,the adult densities were positively correlated with the daily mean temperature,but negatively correlated with the daily rainfall.
In this paper,the dynamics of Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)on four host plants(e.g.cauliflower,cabbage,cucumber and tomato)were investigated.Our results showed that the number of eggs and nymphae of B.tabaci increased with the growth of host plants continually and peaked at 1th October,then it decreased gradually.However,the dynamics were different among the hosts and leaf sections.The number of eggs and nymphae of B.tabaci on the four hosts was tomato>cucumber>cauliflower>cabbage.In addition,eggs of B.tabaci were mainly on the upper and middle leaves,but the number on the upper was more and the difference between on the upper and bottom was significant.In the contrast,the nymphae were mainly on the middle and bottom leaves,but there was not significant on the upper and bottom.In the end,the adult densities were positively correlated with the daily mean temperature,but negatively correlated with the daily rainfall.
2015, 30(3): 282-285.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.03.015
Abstract:
The consumption of flea beetle,A.hygrophila,was examined in different CO2concentration(750μL·L-1and 370μL·L-1)in closed-dynamic CO2 chamber.And the nutrient compositions and digestive enzymes activities of flea beetle were both measured and analyzed.The results showed that significantly higher consumption of A.hygrophilalarva was observed in elevated CO2 relative to 370μL·L-1.The protein increased in the 3th star larva of A.hygrophilain750μL·L-1 compared with 370μL·L-1 significantly,and there was no significant difference in total amino acid between the two treatments.However,the activities of amylase and pepsin activities were both declined in elevated CO2 compared with370μL·L-1.Elevated CO2 can affect the consumption,nutrient compositions and digestive enzymes activities of A.hygrophilalarva,and also on the growth and development of A.hygrophila.
The consumption of flea beetle,A.hygrophila,was examined in different CO2concentration(750μL·L-1and 370μL·L-1)in closed-dynamic CO2 chamber.And the nutrient compositions and digestive enzymes activities of flea beetle were both measured and analyzed.The results showed that significantly higher consumption of A.hygrophilalarva was observed in elevated CO2 relative to 370μL·L-1.The protein increased in the 3th star larva of A.hygrophilain750μL·L-1 compared with 370μL·L-1 significantly,and there was no significant difference in total amino acid between the two treatments.However,the activities of amylase and pepsin activities were both declined in elevated CO2 compared with370μL·L-1.Elevated CO2 can affect the consumption,nutrient compositions and digestive enzymes activities of A.hygrophilalarva,and also on the growth and development of A.hygrophila.
Effect of Trace Elements on Monacolin K and Lovastatin Production in Liquid Fermentation of Monascus
2015, 30(3): 286-292.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.03.016
Abstract:
Effect of the trace elements,including the growth factors,precursors and cations,on the production of Monacolin K and Lovastatin in the liquid fermentation of Monascus was studied.The secondary metabolites of the acidic form of Monacolin K and the lactone-form of Lovastatin were measured by using HPLC.The results showed that the addition of vitamin B3 as a growth factor,sodium acetate as a precursor and Zn2+as a cation significantly increased the total yield of Lovastatin and raised the proportion of Monacolin K produced in the liquid fermentation of Monascus.Based on the orthogonal test,the optimized additions of these trace elements were found to be 0.15%ZnSO4,0.01% vitamin B3 and 0.15% sodium acetate.The resulting total Lovastatin production was 57.138mg·L-1,the acidic form of Monacolin K was 44.958mg·L-1,and the proportion of the acidic form of Monacolin K increased to 79% of the total Lovastatin collected.
Effect of the trace elements,including the growth factors,precursors and cations,on the production of Monacolin K and Lovastatin in the liquid fermentation of Monascus was studied.The secondary metabolites of the acidic form of Monacolin K and the lactone-form of Lovastatin were measured by using HPLC.The results showed that the addition of vitamin B3 as a growth factor,sodium acetate as a precursor and Zn2+as a cation significantly increased the total yield of Lovastatin and raised the proportion of Monacolin K produced in the liquid fermentation of Monascus.Based on the orthogonal test,the optimized additions of these trace elements were found to be 0.15%ZnSO4,0.01% vitamin B3 and 0.15% sodium acetate.The resulting total Lovastatin production was 57.138mg·L-1,the acidic form of Monacolin K was 44.958mg·L-1,and the proportion of the acidic form of Monacolin K increased to 79% of the total Lovastatin collected.
2015, 30(3): 293-297.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.03.017
Abstract:
The characterization ofβ-1,4-D-mannanase producd by MSJ-5,isolated from konjac soil, was investigated.Cultivating in shake-flask at 32℃for 32 h,the enzyme activity reached the highest value and then the mount ofβ-1,4-D-mannanase peaked.In addition,the optimum conditions for the enzymatic activity are pH7.0and50℃,and it is stabilized at pH 5.0-7.0.Furthermore,Konjac mannan was efficiently hydrolyzed by the MSJ-5mannanase and its viscosity was reduced significantly,and the product was mainly a mannooligsaccharide.Our results suggest that MSJ-5has the application potential to the feed enzyme preparation and oligosaccharide industry.
The characterization ofβ-1,4-D-mannanase producd by MSJ-5,isolated from konjac soil, was investigated.Cultivating in shake-flask at 32℃for 32 h,the enzyme activity reached the highest value and then the mount ofβ-1,4-D-mannanase peaked.In addition,the optimum conditions for the enzymatic activity are pH7.0and50℃,and it is stabilized at pH 5.0-7.0.Furthermore,Konjac mannan was efficiently hydrolyzed by the MSJ-5mannanase and its viscosity was reduced significantly,and the product was mainly a mannooligsaccharide.Our results suggest that MSJ-5has the application potential to the feed enzyme preparation and oligosaccharide industry.
2015, 30(3): 298-302.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.03.018
Abstract:
This study aimed to determine the relationship between allelopathy and soil microorganisms in order to find out the possible barriers that inhibit continuous cropping of soybeans.By altering two organic acids(i.e.,malic and tartaric acid)and three phenolic acids(i.e.,oleic acid methyl ester,2,4-dinitrophenol and vanillic acid)among the known soybean root exudates,the effect on the biomass and activity of the microbes in soil was determined.Using the soil sample collected from the continuous cropping field in Heilongjiang province,the in-lab frankia culture method was employed and the carbon/nitrogen ratio of the soil microbial biomass measured to preliminary identify the major components in the exudate.The results indicated that the addition of malic acid,tartaric acid and oleic acid methyl ester benefitted the microbial growth without allelopathy effect.On the other hand,the addition of2,4-dinitrophenol and vanillic acid at low concentrations increased the microbial biomass,while reduced it at high concentrations.The results suggested that 2,4-dinitrophenol and vanillic acid might play an important role in the soybean allelopathy.
This study aimed to determine the relationship between allelopathy and soil microorganisms in order to find out the possible barriers that inhibit continuous cropping of soybeans.By altering two organic acids(i.e.,malic and tartaric acid)and three phenolic acids(i.e.,oleic acid methyl ester,2,4-dinitrophenol and vanillic acid)among the known soybean root exudates,the effect on the biomass and activity of the microbes in soil was determined.Using the soil sample collected from the continuous cropping field in Heilongjiang province,the in-lab frankia culture method was employed and the carbon/nitrogen ratio of the soil microbial biomass measured to preliminary identify the major components in the exudate.The results indicated that the addition of malic acid,tartaric acid and oleic acid methyl ester benefitted the microbial growth without allelopathy effect.On the other hand,the addition of2,4-dinitrophenol and vanillic acid at low concentrations increased the microbial biomass,while reduced it at high concentrations.The results suggested that 2,4-dinitrophenol and vanillic acid might play an important role in the soybean allelopathy.
2015, 30(3): 303-306.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.03.019
Abstract:
To optimize the mushroom cultivation and minimize heavy metal migration from the medium to the fruiting body,Agrocybe cylindracea was used in this study.The migration patterns of lead,cadmium,arsenic and mercury from the spiked media to the mushrooms were monitored.The results showed that the content of the heavy metals in the mushroom fruiting bodies significantly correlated with that in the medium.Grown in the control medium,the fruiting bodies of the mushrooms contained these heavy metals within the limits for "green foods" as specified by the national standards.The metal contents in mushroom increased as the amount of the heavy metals were increased in the spiked media.It was also found that the heavy metal retention rates of A.cylindracea differed according to the order:mercury>cadmium>arsenic>lead.When mercury was added at a rate of 0.1mg/kg to the medium,up to 241.9percent accumulation of the metal in the harvested mushroom fruiting bodies was found.
To optimize the mushroom cultivation and minimize heavy metal migration from the medium to the fruiting body,Agrocybe cylindracea was used in this study.The migration patterns of lead,cadmium,arsenic and mercury from the spiked media to the mushrooms were monitored.The results showed that the content of the heavy metals in the mushroom fruiting bodies significantly correlated with that in the medium.Grown in the control medium,the fruiting bodies of the mushrooms contained these heavy metals within the limits for "green foods" as specified by the national standards.The metal contents in mushroom increased as the amount of the heavy metals were increased in the spiked media.It was also found that the heavy metal retention rates of A.cylindracea differed according to the order:mercury>cadmium>arsenic>lead.When mercury was added at a rate of 0.1mg/kg to the medium,up to 241.9percent accumulation of the metal in the harvested mushroom fruiting bodies was found.
2015, 30(3): 307-311.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.03.020
Abstract:
Effect of the ecological floating rafts on the water quality of intensive aquaculture ponds was studied.Ammonium nitrogen(NH+4-N),nitrite nitrogen(NO-2-N),nitrate nitrogen(NO-3-N),orthophosphate phosphorus(PO3-4-P),total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP)and CODMn were the major indicators for the determination of water quality.The water purification mechanism was studied as well.In the experiments under otherwise same conditions,three treatments were tested against the control.The pollutant contents in the pond water decreased in the order of control>5% Treatment>10% Treatment>20% Treatment.And,the removal rates on the above listed pollutants resulted from the 20% Treatment,the highest among three,were 42.82%,39.47%,43.8%,64.1%,46.57%,58.75% and 7.4%,respectively.The total yield of the 6-harvest floating plants ranged from 586.86 kg to 1 434.06 kg in the 667 m2 pond.For the 5%,10% and 20% treatments,1 643.5,988.2and 4 015.3g per 667m2 of TN,respectively,and 240.7,437.6and 587.9g per 667m2 of TP,respectively,were removed from the water. Meanwhile,the survival rate of the tilapia raised in the tested aquaculture pond improved significantly with the treatments.It appeared that cultivating Ipom oea aquatica in a tilapia pond could purify the pond water through eutrophication reduction.Specifically,a 20% of the artificial floating raft on a tilapia aquaculture pond could be recommended for implementation.
Effect of the ecological floating rafts on the water quality of intensive aquaculture ponds was studied.Ammonium nitrogen(NH+4-N),nitrite nitrogen(NO-2-N),nitrate nitrogen(NO-3-N),orthophosphate phosphorus(PO3-4-P),total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP)and CODMn were the major indicators for the determination of water quality.The water purification mechanism was studied as well.In the experiments under otherwise same conditions,three treatments were tested against the control.The pollutant contents in the pond water decreased in the order of control>5% Treatment>10% Treatment>20% Treatment.And,the removal rates on the above listed pollutants resulted from the 20% Treatment,the highest among three,were 42.82%,39.47%,43.8%,64.1%,46.57%,58.75% and 7.4%,respectively.The total yield of the 6-harvest floating plants ranged from 586.86 kg to 1 434.06 kg in the 667 m2 pond.For the 5%,10% and 20% treatments,1 643.5,988.2and 4 015.3g per 667m2 of TN,respectively,and 240.7,437.6and 587.9g per 667m2 of TP,respectively,were removed from the water. Meanwhile,the survival rate of the tilapia raised in the tested aquaculture pond improved significantly with the treatments.It appeared that cultivating Ipom oea aquatica in a tilapia pond could purify the pond water through eutrophication reduction.Specifically,a 20% of the artificial floating raft on a tilapia aquaculture pond could be recommended for implementation.
