2015 Vol. 30, No. 11
Display Method:
2015, 30(11): 1027-1031.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.11.001
Abstract:
Nonstructural protein 1(NS1)from the avian Tembusu virus were amplified and expressed in E.colito establish ELISA procedures for the detection of antibodies in the virus.Biological activity of the expressed protein was analyzed by using SDS-PAGE and western blot.The results indicated that the recombinant NS1 with a molecular weight of 60 kD was expressed in high level with good biological activity.It was subsequently used to establish an indirect ELISA for the detection of antibodies in the virus.The optimized procedures included the uses of 2.5μg·mL-1 recombination protein,1∶100serum dilution,and the goat anti-duck IgG conjugate(1∶3000).Although the NS1-ELISA showed desirable specificity and repeatability,it failed to effectively differentiate the inactivated Tembusu vaccine serumfrom the naturally infected serum.Thus,this method could not be applied as a diagnosis tool for Tembusu virus.
Nonstructural protein 1(NS1)from the avian Tembusu virus were amplified and expressed in E.colito establish ELISA procedures for the detection of antibodies in the virus.Biological activity of the expressed protein was analyzed by using SDS-PAGE and western blot.The results indicated that the recombinant NS1 with a molecular weight of 60 kD was expressed in high level with good biological activity.It was subsequently used to establish an indirect ELISA for the detection of antibodies in the virus.The optimized procedures included the uses of 2.5μg·mL-1 recombination protein,1∶100serum dilution,and the goat anti-duck IgG conjugate(1∶3000).Although the NS1-ELISA showed desirable specificity and repeatability,it failed to effectively differentiate the inactivated Tembusu vaccine serumfrom the naturally infected serum.Thus,this method could not be applied as a diagnosis tool for Tembusu virus.
2015, 30(11): 1032-1040.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.11.002
Abstract:
This study aimed to find the genetic markers that control the milk-producing traits of Hu sheep for breeding purpose.Molecular genetic polymorphism of the prolactin gene in the sheep populations was studied.More than 41 parturition ewes were used by separating the ewes from the lambs 20 hours on the 4th day after giving birth,and manually lactated to collect milk from them.On the following day,the milk collection took place at 7am,1∶30pm,and 7pm every day for 8weeks.Each milk sample was analyzed for its chemical composition.After the entire gene sequence was obtained for organizing and analyzing by SPSS 13.0to locate and identify the SNP loci by MEGA6,followed by the linkage and haplotype analysis.Finally,using the least squares method,the correlation between the polymorphisms and the milk-producing traits was established.The results showed that the average milk content of Hu sheep during 56 days was(0.52±0.07)kg·d-1,and the fat,protein,sugar,and total solids contents in the milk were(3.83±0.90)%,(5.52±0.63)%,(5.50±0.73)%,and(15.13±1.61)%,respectively.Based on the genetic and the linkage disequilibrium analyses,4 milk-producing traits were found to significantly correlate with the SNP sites in Hu sheep.At the PRL4244 site,the milk producing amount of the GG type in the 8th week of lactation was significantly higher than the TT genotype(P<0.05);at the PR1039 site,the fat content in the milk during mid-term of the AC-type was significantly higher than AA and CC types;at the PRL1228 site,the fat content of the AC-type was significantly higher than AA and CC types in the early stage(P<0.05),while that of the AC type during mid-term was significantly higher than AA and CC types(P<0.01);the total solids of AC in mid-term were significantly higher than those of the CC genotype(P<0.05),and the total solids of AC type in the mid-term was significantly higher than the CC type(P<0.05);at PR2351 sites,the fat contents of the AG type in the early stage and mid-term were significantly higher than AA and GG genotype(P<0.05),while the protein ratio of the AA type in mid-term was significantly higher than the AG and the GG genotype(P<0.01),and the total solids of the AG type in mid-term were significantly higher than those of the AA or the GG genotype(P <0.01);and,at PR4591 sites,the milk fat content of the CC type in the early stage was significantly higher than the TT genotype(P<0.01),while the protein ratio of the CC type in mid-term was significantly higher than those of the TT and TC types(P<0.01),and the total solids was significantly higher than the TT type in the early stage.There were a total of 25 haplotypes detected,the frequency of 7haplotypes were more than 0.02,and the protein content of CCATT haplotype was significantly higher than that of AAATT haloytpe.No significant diffience were existed in the milk ingredient and milk content among other haplotypes.
This study aimed to find the genetic markers that control the milk-producing traits of Hu sheep for breeding purpose.Molecular genetic polymorphism of the prolactin gene in the sheep populations was studied.More than 41 parturition ewes were used by separating the ewes from the lambs 20 hours on the 4th day after giving birth,and manually lactated to collect milk from them.On the following day,the milk collection took place at 7am,1∶30pm,and 7pm every day for 8weeks.Each milk sample was analyzed for its chemical composition.After the entire gene sequence was obtained for organizing and analyzing by SPSS 13.0to locate and identify the SNP loci by MEGA6,followed by the linkage and haplotype analysis.Finally,using the least squares method,the correlation between the polymorphisms and the milk-producing traits was established.The results showed that the average milk content of Hu sheep during 56 days was(0.52±0.07)kg·d-1,and the fat,protein,sugar,and total solids contents in the milk were(3.83±0.90)%,(5.52±0.63)%,(5.50±0.73)%,and(15.13±1.61)%,respectively.Based on the genetic and the linkage disequilibrium analyses,4 milk-producing traits were found to significantly correlate with the SNP sites in Hu sheep.At the PRL4244 site,the milk producing amount of the GG type in the 8th week of lactation was significantly higher than the TT genotype(P<0.05);at the PR1039 site,the fat content in the milk during mid-term of the AC-type was significantly higher than AA and CC types;at the PRL1228 site,the fat content of the AC-type was significantly higher than AA and CC types in the early stage(P<0.05),while that of the AC type during mid-term was significantly higher than AA and CC types(P<0.01);the total solids of AC in mid-term were significantly higher than those of the CC genotype(P<0.05),and the total solids of AC type in the mid-term was significantly higher than the CC type(P<0.05);at PR2351 sites,the fat contents of the AG type in the early stage and mid-term were significantly higher than AA and GG genotype(P<0.05),while the protein ratio of the AA type in mid-term was significantly higher than the AG and the GG genotype(P<0.01),and the total solids of the AG type in mid-term were significantly higher than those of the AA or the GG genotype(P <0.01);and,at PR4591 sites,the milk fat content of the CC type in the early stage was significantly higher than the TT genotype(P<0.01),while the protein ratio of the CC type in mid-term was significantly higher than those of the TT and TC types(P<0.01),and the total solids was significantly higher than the TT type in the early stage.There were a total of 25 haplotypes detected,the frequency of 7haplotypes were more than 0.02,and the protein content of CCATT haplotype was significantly higher than that of AAATT haloytpe.No significant diffience were existed in the milk ingredient and milk content among other haplotypes.
2015, 30(11): 1041-1045.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.11.003
Abstract:
Effect of a custom-made Chinese herbal formulation(CHF)and tilmicosin on the immunity of weaned piglets were investigated.CHF consisting of Astragalus membranaceus,Codonopsis pilosula,Epimedium sagittatum,massa medicata fermentata,Atractylodes macrocephala,malt,Glycyrrhiza uralensis,Angelica sinensis and Crataegus pinnatifida was crushed and passed through a 500-mesh sieve for the experiment.The weaned 3-line crossbred piglets(age 25±2days)were randomly assigned to 8groups of 30 each.CHF was added to the basal diet for Group I,II,and III at levels of 4kg·t-1,7kg·t-1,and 10kg·t-1,respectively.Group IV,V,and VI were fed with CHF and 20%tilmicosin in the feed,i.e.4kg·t-1 CHF+1kg·t-1,7kg·t-1 CHF+1kg·t-1,and 10kg·t-1 CHF+1kg·t-1,respectively.Group VII was fed with a diet added 1kg·t-120%tilmicosin.As control,Group VIII was fed with the basal diet alone.One day before,and 28 ds after the PRRSV vaccination,blood samples from the piglets from each group were drawn to test for PRRSV Ab level,albumin,total protein,Ig M,Ig G,and complement C3 concentration.The results showed that 28 ds after the vaccination the average serum antibody levels in piglets of Group IV,V,and VI were higher than the control,especially Group IV,were the highest among all,with significant difference(P<0.05)and low data spreading.The concentrations of total protein,albumin,IgG,and complement C3 in all groups were greater than those of control,especially Group IV(P<0.05),were the highest(P<0.05).It appeared that the administration of CHF and tilmicosin enhanced the immunity and PRRSV Ab in the piglets,the best effects conld be received in treatment with both CHF and tilimicosin.
Effect of a custom-made Chinese herbal formulation(CHF)and tilmicosin on the immunity of weaned piglets were investigated.CHF consisting of Astragalus membranaceus,Codonopsis pilosula,Epimedium sagittatum,massa medicata fermentata,Atractylodes macrocephala,malt,Glycyrrhiza uralensis,Angelica sinensis and Crataegus pinnatifida was crushed and passed through a 500-mesh sieve for the experiment.The weaned 3-line crossbred piglets(age 25±2days)were randomly assigned to 8groups of 30 each.CHF was added to the basal diet for Group I,II,and III at levels of 4kg·t-1,7kg·t-1,and 10kg·t-1,respectively.Group IV,V,and VI were fed with CHF and 20%tilmicosin in the feed,i.e.4kg·t-1 CHF+1kg·t-1,7kg·t-1 CHF+1kg·t-1,and 10kg·t-1 CHF+1kg·t-1,respectively.Group VII was fed with a diet added 1kg·t-120%tilmicosin.As control,Group VIII was fed with the basal diet alone.One day before,and 28 ds after the PRRSV vaccination,blood samples from the piglets from each group were drawn to test for PRRSV Ab level,albumin,total protein,Ig M,Ig G,and complement C3 concentration.The results showed that 28 ds after the vaccination the average serum antibody levels in piglets of Group IV,V,and VI were higher than the control,especially Group IV,were the highest among all,with significant difference(P<0.05)and low data spreading.The concentrations of total protein,albumin,IgG,and complement C3 in all groups were greater than those of control,especially Group IV(P<0.05),were the highest(P<0.05).It appeared that the administration of CHF and tilmicosin enhanced the immunity and PRRSV Ab in the piglets,the best effects conld be received in treatment with both CHF and tilimicosin.
2015, 30(11): 1046-1050.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.11.004
Abstract:
A new method to rapidly estimate the body weight of the crossbred juvenile abalones was established for determination of the amount of microencapsulated feed for the aquaculture.Ten batches of the abalones was collected for observation.A total of 1 670 data sets on body weight(W)and shell length(L)of the abalones were gathered to arrive at a regression equation:W =0.133 L2.985(R2=0.987).By using a newly developed IPP image analysis,500 sets of Ws and Ls on the randomly selected abalones were measured to compare with the estimated data to examine the reliability and accuracy of the prediction equation.From the equation,the feeding rate per10 000 crossbred juvenile abalones at different water temperatures could be obtained.
A new method to rapidly estimate the body weight of the crossbred juvenile abalones was established for determination of the amount of microencapsulated feed for the aquaculture.Ten batches of the abalones was collected for observation.A total of 1 670 data sets on body weight(W)and shell length(L)of the abalones were gathered to arrive at a regression equation:W =0.133 L2.985(R2=0.987).By using a newly developed IPP image analysis,500 sets of Ws and Ls on the randomly selected abalones were measured to compare with the estimated data to examine the reliability and accuracy of the prediction equation.From the equation,the feeding rate per10 000 crossbred juvenile abalones at different water temperatures could be obtained.
2015, 30(11): 1051-1055.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.11.005
Abstract:
Effects of drip,sprinkler,and flooding irrigation methods on the temperature,humidity,and sunlight exposure on the fields of autumn sweet corn were studied in southern Fujian.The results showed:(1)At booting and flowering stages of the plants,the peak temperatures in the field with the drip and the sprinkler irrigation were2.4oC and 2.5o C,respectively,lower than the flooding method.The slight differentiations did not alter the photosynthesis and biosynthesis of the sweet corn.The peak RHs with the drip and the sprinkler irrigation were 0.5and 2.4percentage points,respectively,higher than the flooding method,while the average daily RHs were 1.9and2.6percentage points,respectively,higher than the flooding method.The greater RH provided by the two former methods supplied extra moisture and offered drought prevention for the plants.The peak sunlight exposure with the drip and the sprinkler irrigation were 2.9and 1.8percentage points,respectively,while the average daily sunlight exposure was 2.6and 1.8percentage points,respectively,more than the flooding method.Thus,the drip and the sprinkler irrigation increased the sunlight utilization of the plants.(2)In the entire growing stage of the plants,the average surrounding air temperatures with the drip,sprinkler,and flooding irrigation were 24.1℃,23.8℃,and24.4℃,respectively.The temperature range resulted from the drip and the sprinkler irrigation was more conducive to the pollination grouting and dry matter assimilation of the sweet corns.The average RHs with the drip,sprinkler,and flooding irrigation were 48.3%,49.4%,and 46.4%,respectively.The higher RH induced by the drip or sprinkler irrigation benefited the development,water metabolism,and growth of the corn plants.The average sunlight exposure rates with the drip,sprinkler,and flooding irrigation were 39.6%,40.2%,and 36.2%,respectively.Hence,the two former methods of irrigation provided a greater photosynthesis for the plants.And,(3)The yield of the sweet corns grown under the drip or sprinkler irrigation was significantly higher than that of the flooding method.There were significant effects observed of the drip irrigation on the plant height,ear length,ear weight,and root weight of the plants,and those of the sprinkler irrigation on the spike rate,bald tip length,and green leaf count of the sweet corn.
Effects of drip,sprinkler,and flooding irrigation methods on the temperature,humidity,and sunlight exposure on the fields of autumn sweet corn were studied in southern Fujian.The results showed:(1)At booting and flowering stages of the plants,the peak temperatures in the field with the drip and the sprinkler irrigation were2.4oC and 2.5o C,respectively,lower than the flooding method.The slight differentiations did not alter the photosynthesis and biosynthesis of the sweet corn.The peak RHs with the drip and the sprinkler irrigation were 0.5and 2.4percentage points,respectively,higher than the flooding method,while the average daily RHs were 1.9and2.6percentage points,respectively,higher than the flooding method.The greater RH provided by the two former methods supplied extra moisture and offered drought prevention for the plants.The peak sunlight exposure with the drip and the sprinkler irrigation were 2.9and 1.8percentage points,respectively,while the average daily sunlight exposure was 2.6and 1.8percentage points,respectively,more than the flooding method.Thus,the drip and the sprinkler irrigation increased the sunlight utilization of the plants.(2)In the entire growing stage of the plants,the average surrounding air temperatures with the drip,sprinkler,and flooding irrigation were 24.1℃,23.8℃,and24.4℃,respectively.The temperature range resulted from the drip and the sprinkler irrigation was more conducive to the pollination grouting and dry matter assimilation of the sweet corns.The average RHs with the drip,sprinkler,and flooding irrigation were 48.3%,49.4%,and 46.4%,respectively.The higher RH induced by the drip or sprinkler irrigation benefited the development,water metabolism,and growth of the corn plants.The average sunlight exposure rates with the drip,sprinkler,and flooding irrigation were 39.6%,40.2%,and 36.2%,respectively.Hence,the two former methods of irrigation provided a greater photosynthesis for the plants.And,(3)The yield of the sweet corns grown under the drip or sprinkler irrigation was significantly higher than that of the flooding method.There were significant effects observed of the drip irrigation on the plant height,ear length,ear weight,and root weight of the plants,and those of the sprinkler irrigation on the spike rate,bald tip length,and green leaf count of the sweet corn.
2015, 30(11): 1056-1059.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.11.006
Abstract:
Seeds of siratro were irradiated with 0-1 200 gy of 60 CO-γrays to study the effects on the seed germination and seedling development.It was found that the irradiation retarded both.As the dose increased from 0to 800 gy,the inhibition effect increased.Beyond that,the effects on the seeds treated with 1 000 or 1 200 gy did not differ significantly(P>0.05).The seedling survival rate as observed on a seedling disk appeared to be a parabolic function with a peak at the doses of 200 gy and 1 000 gy,and the lowest at 800 gy.
Seeds of siratro were irradiated with 0-1 200 gy of 60 CO-γrays to study the effects on the seed germination and seedling development.It was found that the irradiation retarded both.As the dose increased from 0to 800 gy,the inhibition effect increased.Beyond that,the effects on the seeds treated with 1 000 or 1 200 gy did not differ significantly(P>0.05).The seedling survival rate as observed on a seedling disk appeared to be a parabolic function with a peak at the doses of 200 gy and 1 000 gy,and the lowest at 800 gy.
2015, 30(11): 1060-1063.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.11.007
Abstract:
This study aimed to determine the optimal time to seed forage grass in Changting and nearby areas,as well as the effects of climatic changes on yield of Chamaecrista rotundifolia and Paspalum notatum,as well as on soil/water conservation.Seeding on March 5,April 12,May 5,and June 11 in 2014 were carried out for the experimentation.Seedling time,emerging rate,coverage area(from August to November),plant height,and yield of the grasses were monitored.The results showed that,as the seeding was delayed,the seedling time of C.rotundifolia and P.notatum shortened,and the emerging rate increased.Nonetheless,both grasses adequately grew through the summer.The grasscoverage was slightly slow initially,but increased and maintained a stable expansion later on.The changes on the plant heights of the two grasses were similar,reaching a maximum when sowed in May,with no significant difference among the treatment groups.The fresh grass yield of C.rotundifoliasowed in May was significantly higher than that sowed in March or April,while that of P.notatumsowed in May was significantly higher than all other times.Thus,it was concluded that May was ideal for seeding the grasses so that their seed germination rate,seedling growth,plant height,grass-coverage,and yield could achieve the optimal levels.
This study aimed to determine the optimal time to seed forage grass in Changting and nearby areas,as well as the effects of climatic changes on yield of Chamaecrista rotundifolia and Paspalum notatum,as well as on soil/water conservation.Seeding on March 5,April 12,May 5,and June 11 in 2014 were carried out for the experimentation.Seedling time,emerging rate,coverage area(from August to November),plant height,and yield of the grasses were monitored.The results showed that,as the seeding was delayed,the seedling time of C.rotundifolia and P.notatum shortened,and the emerging rate increased.Nonetheless,both grasses adequately grew through the summer.The grasscoverage was slightly slow initially,but increased and maintained a stable expansion later on.The changes on the plant heights of the two grasses were similar,reaching a maximum when sowed in May,with no significant difference among the treatment groups.The fresh grass yield of C.rotundifoliasowed in May was significantly higher than that sowed in March or April,while that of P.notatumsowed in May was significantly higher than all other times.Thus,it was concluded that May was ideal for seeding the grasses so that their seed germination rate,seedling growth,plant height,grass-coverage,and yield could achieve the optimal levels.
2015, 30(11): 1064-1070.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.11.008
Abstract:
Bioinformatic characteristics and protein subcellular localization of AmaDOPA5-GT gene in Amaranth tricolor were studied.The chromosome walking technique was applied to clone the gene promoter.The protein was found to be located in the cytomembrane.Eight light-responsive elements were identified in the promoter,suggesting that light might be associated with the regulation of the gene expression.The amaranthin content and quantitative real time PCR showed that darkness suppressed both betalain biosynthesis and AmaDOPA5-GT gene expression;red light also suppressed betalain biosynthesis,but significantly enhanced the gene expression;yellow and green light showed no effect on the gene expression,but suppressed the betalain biosynthesis;and,blue light induced both betalain biosynthesis and the gene expression.The results obtained provided a basis for further exploring the function of AmaDOPA5-GT in betalain biosynthesis,as well as a guideline for breeding betalain-rich amarnath.
Bioinformatic characteristics and protein subcellular localization of AmaDOPA5-GT gene in Amaranth tricolor were studied.The chromosome walking technique was applied to clone the gene promoter.The protein was found to be located in the cytomembrane.Eight light-responsive elements were identified in the promoter,suggesting that light might be associated with the regulation of the gene expression.The amaranthin content and quantitative real time PCR showed that darkness suppressed both betalain biosynthesis and AmaDOPA5-GT gene expression;red light also suppressed betalain biosynthesis,but significantly enhanced the gene expression;yellow and green light showed no effect on the gene expression,but suppressed the betalain biosynthesis;and,blue light induced both betalain biosynthesis and the gene expression.The results obtained provided a basis for further exploring the function of AmaDOPA5-GT in betalain biosynthesis,as well as a guideline for breeding betalain-rich amarnath.
2015, 30(11): 1071-1074.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.11.009
Abstract:
Carotenoid contents of the strawberries,Fu Mei No.1,Frandy,Nyoho,Red Pearl,and Hong Shi Mei,at various maturing stages and in different parts of the fruits were determined using UPLC.The results showed that the dominant carotenoids in the 5varieties of strawberries were lutein andβ-carotene.The total carotenoid contents were higher in Fu Mei No.1,Frandy,and Nyoho,and lower in Red Pearl and Hong Shi Mei.They were significantly higher in the outer parts than the core of the fruits.And,as Fu Mei No.1and Frandy strawberries were maturing,their carotenoid contents decreased,and the declines were most significant from the green to the white stage,as well as,from the pink to the red stage.
Carotenoid contents of the strawberries,Fu Mei No.1,Frandy,Nyoho,Red Pearl,and Hong Shi Mei,at various maturing stages and in different parts of the fruits were determined using UPLC.The results showed that the dominant carotenoids in the 5varieties of strawberries were lutein andβ-carotene.The total carotenoid contents were higher in Fu Mei No.1,Frandy,and Nyoho,and lower in Red Pearl and Hong Shi Mei.They were significantly higher in the outer parts than the core of the fruits.And,as Fu Mei No.1and Frandy strawberries were maturing,their carotenoid contents decreased,and the declines were most significant from the green to the white stage,as well as,from the pink to the red stage.
2015, 30(11): 1075-1081.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.11.010
Abstract:
The young,tender flower stalks of the Big Chili Phalaenopsis were used for this study on the tissue culture and rapid propagation of the orchid.Using an orthogonal design experiment,the effects of the basic culture medium as well as hormone application and concentration on the pedicelinduction,proliferation and differentiation of the adventitious buds and the seedling development and rooting of the plant were investigated.The results showed that(a)the best medium for inducing the adventitious buds was Hyponex No.1+NAA(0.3mg·L-1)+6-BA(5mg·L-1);(b)the best medium for the proliferation and differentiation of the adventitious buds was Hyponex No.1+NAA(0.2mg·L-1)+6-BA(6mg·L-1),which resulted in a multiplication factor up to 5.53times;(c)the best medium forseedling development and rooting was 1/2MS+NAA(0.2mg·L-1),which yielded a rooting rate of 96%,and coconut milk,apple juice,potato juice as parts of the composite additives were found to be advantageous for rooting;and(d)the survival rate of the transplanted tissue culture was greater than 91.5%.
The young,tender flower stalks of the Big Chili Phalaenopsis were used for this study on the tissue culture and rapid propagation of the orchid.Using an orthogonal design experiment,the effects of the basic culture medium as well as hormone application and concentration on the pedicelinduction,proliferation and differentiation of the adventitious buds and the seedling development and rooting of the plant were investigated.The results showed that(a)the best medium for inducing the adventitious buds was Hyponex No.1+NAA(0.3mg·L-1)+6-BA(5mg·L-1);(b)the best medium for the proliferation and differentiation of the adventitious buds was Hyponex No.1+NAA(0.2mg·L-1)+6-BA(6mg·L-1),which resulted in a multiplication factor up to 5.53times;(c)the best medium forseedling development and rooting was 1/2MS+NAA(0.2mg·L-1),which yielded a rooting rate of 96%,and coconut milk,apple juice,potato juice as parts of the composite additives were found to be advantageous for rooting;and(d)the survival rate of the transplanted tissue culture was greater than 91.5%.
2015, 30(11): 1082-1089.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.11.011
Abstract:
The goal of this study is to understand how nitrogen(N)influences the yield,physico-chemical properties and soil enzyme activities and metabolites in rice rhizosphere by keeping the total N supply constant and varying the ratio of early to late growth stage fertilizer application.The results showed that soil urease,soil sucrose,available nutrients and yield were significantly higher in NP(efficient nitrogen application)than in NT(traditional nitrogen application).However,pH value showed the opposite trend.Furthermore,metabolomics analysis by GC-MS identified 7kinds of differentiallyregulated metabolites in soils,including alcohols,phenolic acids,phenols,ethers,anhydride and ketones.In conclusion,efficient nitrogen application can improve soil enzymes,soil available nutrients and yield.
The goal of this study is to understand how nitrogen(N)influences the yield,physico-chemical properties and soil enzyme activities and metabolites in rice rhizosphere by keeping the total N supply constant and varying the ratio of early to late growth stage fertilizer application.The results showed that soil urease,soil sucrose,available nutrients and yield were significantly higher in NP(efficient nitrogen application)than in NT(traditional nitrogen application).However,pH value showed the opposite trend.Furthermore,metabolomics analysis by GC-MS identified 7kinds of differentiallyregulated metabolites in soils,including alcohols,phenolic acids,phenols,ethers,anhydride and ketones.In conclusion,efficient nitrogen application can improve soil enzymes,soil available nutrients and yield.
2015, 30(11): 1090-1096.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.11.012
Abstract:
Ultrasound was applied to rupture the cells of Brevibacilllus brevis FJAT-0809-GLX to facilitate extraction of the intracellular metabolites produced by the bacteria.Effect of ultrasonic power,treatment time,and cell/liquid ratio were studied in a single-factor experiment.Optimum conditions of the extraction were determined using a design-expert program and the response surface method.The single-factor experiment showed that,when the ultrasonic treatment time was 30 min,the greatest recovery rate on the intracellular metabolites,i.e.,11mg·g-1,could be obtained;when 100 W of ultrasound power was applied,the highest extraction rate of9.33mg·g-1 was achieved;and,when a cell/liquid ratio was 1∶25implemented,the highest yield of 12.22mg·g-1 could be reached.Then,the process was optimization by using the response surface method to show that the effects were cell/liquid ratio>ultrasonic application time>ultrasonic power,and the optimal conditions for the ultrasonic disruption were:an application of ultrasonic power at 318.68 W,a total treatment time of 10 min,and a cell/liquid ratio of 1∶25.As a result,ayield of the intracellular metabolites from the extraction at 12.987 8mg·g-1 was achieved.
Ultrasound was applied to rupture the cells of Brevibacilllus brevis FJAT-0809-GLX to facilitate extraction of the intracellular metabolites produced by the bacteria.Effect of ultrasonic power,treatment time,and cell/liquid ratio were studied in a single-factor experiment.Optimum conditions of the extraction were determined using a design-expert program and the response surface method.The single-factor experiment showed that,when the ultrasonic treatment time was 30 min,the greatest recovery rate on the intracellular metabolites,i.e.,11mg·g-1,could be obtained;when 100 W of ultrasound power was applied,the highest extraction rate of9.33mg·g-1 was achieved;and,when a cell/liquid ratio was 1∶25implemented,the highest yield of 12.22mg·g-1 could be reached.Then,the process was optimization by using the response surface method to show that the effects were cell/liquid ratio>ultrasonic application time>ultrasonic power,and the optimal conditions for the ultrasonic disruption were:an application of ultrasonic power at 318.68 W,a total treatment time of 10 min,and a cell/liquid ratio of 1∶25.As a result,ayield of the intracellular metabolites from the extraction at 12.987 8mg·g-1 was achieved.
2015, 30(11): 1097-1101.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.11.013
Abstract:
In order to further study the utilization of spent litters,the greenhouse gas emission during the composition of spent litters in deep-litter system were determined in this paper,and the effects of microbial agents were studied.The results showed that the spent litters in deep-litter system could compost successfully whether using microbial agents or not.But the microbial agents could shorten composting time.The CO2 and CH4emission of spent litters treated by microbial agents were higher than the control,whereas the N2 O emission of high temperature was obviously lower than the others.The total greenhouse gas emission could be reduced by 9.1%treated by FC-1microbial agents compared with the control.
In order to further study the utilization of spent litters,the greenhouse gas emission during the composition of spent litters in deep-litter system were determined in this paper,and the effects of microbial agents were studied.The results showed that the spent litters in deep-litter system could compost successfully whether using microbial agents or not.But the microbial agents could shorten composting time.The CO2 and CH4emission of spent litters treated by microbial agents were higher than the control,whereas the N2 O emission of high temperature was obviously lower than the others.The total greenhouse gas emission could be reduced by 9.1%treated by FC-1microbial agents compared with the control.
2015, 30(11): 1102-1105.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.11.014
Abstract:
For the development of low sugar preservatives,Furong plums were used in the study.A single factor experiment was conducted to select an appropriate water activity(Aw)reducing agent.A was established using the response surface methodology.The results showed that glycerin,propylene glycol,and sodium lactate were the appropriate agents.The Awreducing abilities of the 3agents were in the order of glycerol(X3)>sodium lactate(X2)> propylene glycol(X1).The regression equation for ling Aw of the preservatives with 25% sugar was:Y(1/Aw) =1.48830+0.02261 X1+0.02507 X2 +0.03069 X3-0.01065 X12-0.01206 X22-0.01294 X32.The formulation included 1.1% of propylene glycol,1.2% of sodium lactate,and 0.8% of glycerol.Under the optimum processing conditions,the Awof the resulted low sugar preservatives was 0.66.
For the development of low sugar preservatives,Furong plums were used in the study.A single factor experiment was conducted to select an appropriate water activity(Aw)reducing agent.A was established using the response surface methodology.The results showed that glycerin,propylene glycol,and sodium lactate were the appropriate agents.The Awreducing abilities of the 3agents were in the order of glycerol(X3)>sodium lactate(X2)> propylene glycol(X1).The regression equation for ling Aw of the preservatives with 25% sugar was:Y(1/Aw) =1.48830+0.02261 X1+0.02507 X2 +0.03069 X3-0.01065 X12-0.01206 X22-0.01294 X32.The formulation included 1.1% of propylene glycol,1.2% of sodium lactate,and 0.8% of glycerol.Under the optimum processing conditions,the Awof the resulted low sugar preservatives was 0.66.
2015, 30(11): 1106-1112.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.11.015
Abstract:
With the basic efficiency analyzing theory and ways,multi-input,output and farmers' characteristics were investigated and analyzed from Fujian family farm samples,and the influencing factors for family farm marketing efficiency and the model were determined to establish the stochastic frontier analysis(SFA)model and function for empirical analysis.The results showed that generally the optimal scale efficiency could be obtained in small scale and super scale family farms;application of new technologies could greatly improve family farm efficiency;and the correlation degree between family farm efficiency and land area was obviously lower than those of capital costs and labor force,which indicated that the development of Fujian family farm was no longer depending on farm land extension as the traditional agriculture.
With the basic efficiency analyzing theory and ways,multi-input,output and farmers' characteristics were investigated and analyzed from Fujian family farm samples,and the influencing factors for family farm marketing efficiency and the model were determined to establish the stochastic frontier analysis(SFA)model and function for empirical analysis.The results showed that generally the optimal scale efficiency could be obtained in small scale and super scale family farms;application of new technologies could greatly improve family farm efficiency;and the correlation degree between family farm efficiency and land area was obviously lower than those of capital costs and labor force,which indicated that the development of Fujian family farm was no longer depending on farm land extension as the traditional agriculture.
2015, 30(11): 1113-1119.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.11.016
Abstract:
Based on DEA-Malmquist index and correlation coefficient method,the statistical data of rice production cost and profit from 2002 to 2013 were selected to comparatively analyze the rice production efficiency between Fujian province,the national average level and the other five main producing provinces.The results showed that the cost profit rate of Fujian province is much lower than the national average level.The total factor productivity(TFP)change of rice production in Fujian was mainly due to technical advances,and the TFP change of national rice production depended on both efficiency variation and technical advances.The TFP,synthesis technique efficiency and technical advances in Fujian were all lower than the national average level,and the TFP and technical advances in Fujian province showed larger fluctuation.
Based on DEA-Malmquist index and correlation coefficient method,the statistical data of rice production cost and profit from 2002 to 2013 were selected to comparatively analyze the rice production efficiency between Fujian province,the national average level and the other five main producing provinces.The results showed that the cost profit rate of Fujian province is much lower than the national average level.The total factor productivity(TFP)change of rice production in Fujian was mainly due to technical advances,and the TFP change of national rice production depended on both efficiency variation and technical advances.The TFP,synthesis technique efficiency and technical advances in Fujian were all lower than the national average level,and the TFP and technical advances in Fujian province showed larger fluctuation.
2015, 30(11): 1120-1126.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.11.017
Abstract:
Azollais a common aquatic plant co-existing between algae and ferns.It has high economic and ecological values in agriculture as manure or fodder and for waste water treatment.As an important biological material for restoring water ecology,it can eliminate nitrogen and phosphorus,as well as,absorb and transfer heavy metals in eutrophic lakes,pools and channels.This article summarizes the biological characteristics,utilization,application,and effect of Azolla in restoring the damaged environmental ecology.Potential advantages in the development,research,and utilization of Azolla are discussed.The information might help generate an increasing interest to broaden the applications of Azolla.
Azollais a common aquatic plant co-existing between algae and ferns.It has high economic and ecological values in agriculture as manure or fodder and for waste water treatment.As an important biological material for restoring water ecology,it can eliminate nitrogen and phosphorus,as well as,absorb and transfer heavy metals in eutrophic lakes,pools and channels.This article summarizes the biological characteristics,utilization,application,and effect of Azolla in restoring the damaged environmental ecology.Potential advantages in the development,research,and utilization of Azolla are discussed.The information might help generate an increasing interest to broaden the applications of Azolla.
2015, 30(11): 1127-1132.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.11.018
Abstract:
Diseases occurred to gobies are generally pathogenic or non-pathogenic in nature during breeding process.The pathogenic diseases often cause considerable economical losses to the farmers in a short time.The present paper summarizes the pathogens,e.g.viruses,bacteria,parasites,and others that have been isolated and identified from various gobies to provide a comprehensive reference for the diagnosis and prevention of the diseases.
Diseases occurred to gobies are generally pathogenic or non-pathogenic in nature during breeding process.The pathogenic diseases often cause considerable economical losses to the farmers in a short time.The present paper summarizes the pathogens,e.g.viruses,bacteria,parasites,and others that have been isolated and identified from various gobies to provide a comprehensive reference for the diagnosis and prevention of the diseases.
