2014 Vol. 29, No. 11
Display Method:
2014, 29(11): 1051-1057.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.11.001
Abstract:
Breeding management for large population of 1500 pigs in large-scale piggery of microbial fermentation bed was studied on pig day age as the core, observing the weight, daily gain, feed, daily feed intake, F/G ratio (feed conversion ratio) and so on.Swine growth dynamic models were established, including (1) the model of pig weight (y) with age (x) :y = 0.7589 x-19.883 (R2= 0.9937) , (2) the power exponent relation model of pig weight increase (y) with age (x) :y = 1.0395 x0.5051 (R2= 0.8854) , (3) the model of pig average daily feed intake (y) with age (x) :y = 0.0235 x-0.3343 (R2=0.9917) , (4) the model of pig feed conversion ratio (y) with age (x) :y = 0.022 + 0.4278 x (R2=0.9885) , etc.The results were discriminated from the models as the theoretical value for pig growth under specific days of age.When the actual values of pig weight, pig gain, average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio etc.were lower than the theoretical value, it must be found the reason to strengthen the management of swine.On observation of 1500-pigs group in large-scale piggery of microbial fermentation bed, it could be seen in the 60-65 days age that the pig average daily feed intake was lower than the theoretical value, showing that the pig had adaptive process to the microbial fermentation bed in early farming.By the 70-75 days of age the pig average daily feed intake was higher than the theoretical value, displaying that pig breeding had adapt to the microbial fermentation bed, especially in the 75 days of age the pig average daily feed intake increaced by 21%to reveal that the microbal fermentation bed was more conducive to the growth of pigs.The main diseases of pigs in microbial fermentation bed were dermatitis- pox macula, diarrhea and gastrointestinal diseases, cough-respiratory diseases, frozen pig-malnutrition, eye disease-conjunctivitis, trauma-turn feet, deadly infectious diseases was not found.The overall incidence of pig disease was low with less than 10%.The treatment for the disease was not difficult to strengthen the management of bedding, such as paying attention to feeding, ensuring water quality clean, many diseases could heal itself.
Breeding management for large population of 1500 pigs in large-scale piggery of microbial fermentation bed was studied on pig day age as the core, observing the weight, daily gain, feed, daily feed intake, F/G ratio (feed conversion ratio) and so on.Swine growth dynamic models were established, including (1) the model of pig weight (y) with age (x) :y = 0.7589 x-19.883 (R2= 0.9937) , (2) the power exponent relation model of pig weight increase (y) with age (x) :y = 1.0395 x0.5051 (R2= 0.8854) , (3) the model of pig average daily feed intake (y) with age (x) :y = 0.0235 x-0.3343 (R2=0.9917) , (4) the model of pig feed conversion ratio (y) with age (x) :y = 0.022 + 0.4278 x (R2=0.9885) , etc.The results were discriminated from the models as the theoretical value for pig growth under specific days of age.When the actual values of pig weight, pig gain, average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio etc.were lower than the theoretical value, it must be found the reason to strengthen the management of swine.On observation of 1500-pigs group in large-scale piggery of microbial fermentation bed, it could be seen in the 60-65 days age that the pig average daily feed intake was lower than the theoretical value, showing that the pig had adaptive process to the microbial fermentation bed in early farming.By the 70-75 days of age the pig average daily feed intake was higher than the theoretical value, displaying that pig breeding had adapt to the microbial fermentation bed, especially in the 75 days of age the pig average daily feed intake increaced by 21%to reveal that the microbal fermentation bed was more conducive to the growth of pigs.The main diseases of pigs in microbial fermentation bed were dermatitis- pox macula, diarrhea and gastrointestinal diseases, cough-respiratory diseases, frozen pig-malnutrition, eye disease-conjunctivitis, trauma-turn feet, deadly infectious diseases was not found.The overall incidence of pig disease was low with less than 10%.The treatment for the disease was not difficult to strengthen the management of bedding, such as paying attention to feeding, ensuring water quality clean, many diseases could heal itself.
2014, 29(11): 1058-1061.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.11.002
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to develop a bivalent inactivated vaccine against duck infectious serositis.Riemerella anatipestifer strain RAf63 (serotype 1) and RAf34 (serotype 2) were used as the vaccine strains.The strains were cultured and inactivated and concentrated respectively, and then mixed.The bivalent inactivated vaccine was made from the mixture.A double dose of inoculation to 6-day old ducklings were used to determine the safety of the vaccine.To determine the immunogenicity of the vaccine, 6-day old ducklings were vaccinated with the vaccine and challenged with the vaccine strains on the 5th, 10 th, 14th, 21 th, 35th, 49 th, 63th, and 70 thd postinoculation, respectively.The results showed that the vaccine was safe and the protection rate was 90% on the 14 th day postinoculation and the vaccine immunity duration was 60 days.The vaccine can be used to prevent duck infectious serositis caused by Riemerella anatipestifer serotype 1and 2.
The purpose of this study was to develop a bivalent inactivated vaccine against duck infectious serositis.Riemerella anatipestifer strain RAf63 (serotype 1) and RAf34 (serotype 2) were used as the vaccine strains.The strains were cultured and inactivated and concentrated respectively, and then mixed.The bivalent inactivated vaccine was made from the mixture.A double dose of inoculation to 6-day old ducklings were used to determine the safety of the vaccine.To determine the immunogenicity of the vaccine, 6-day old ducklings were vaccinated with the vaccine and challenged with the vaccine strains on the 5th, 10 th, 14th, 21 th, 35th, 49 th, 63th, and 70 thd postinoculation, respectively.The results showed that the vaccine was safe and the protection rate was 90% on the 14 th day postinoculation and the vaccine immunity duration was 60 days.The vaccine can be used to prevent duck infectious serositis caused by Riemerella anatipestifer serotype 1and 2.
2014, 29(11): 1062-1065.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.11.003
Abstract:
In this study, Sheldrake was used as the animal model, and we tested the proliferation of its T lymphocyte after infected by duck Tembusu virus.The result showed that after duck Tembusu virus infection, stimulation index of peripheral blood lymphocyte of test group increased first and then decreased, and recovered again.Lymphocyte stimulation index of test group was significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of control group at3dpi (day post-infected) , and then decreased to the level of control group at 5dpi, and was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of control group at 7dpi and 15 dpi, and then recovered to the level of control group at 21 dpi.The result indicated that duck Tembusu virus infection could cause the duck T lymphocyte immune suppression during 7dpi to 21 dpi.
In this study, Sheldrake was used as the animal model, and we tested the proliferation of its T lymphocyte after infected by duck Tembusu virus.The result showed that after duck Tembusu virus infection, stimulation index of peripheral blood lymphocyte of test group increased first and then decreased, and recovered again.Lymphocyte stimulation index of test group was significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of control group at3dpi (day post-infected) , and then decreased to the level of control group at 5dpi, and was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of control group at 7dpi and 15 dpi, and then recovered to the level of control group at 21 dpi.The result indicated that duck Tembusu virus infection could cause the duck T lymphocyte immune suppression during 7dpi to 21 dpi.
2014, 29(11): 1066-1069.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.11.004
Abstract:
A virus strain, named HeN1403, was isolated from the liver of dead Cherry Valley Breeding ducks.The virus killed 10 days Muscovy duck embryo within 79 hours and showed 33.3% of mortality rate to eight-day-old Muscovy ducklings.HeN1403 was characterized by specific RT-PCR primers which target to duck hepatitis virus A type 1, and it turned out to be a 200 bp fragment.A 714-bp fragment gene was obtained by using a set of primers aimed at VP1 ORF gene.Genetic analysis showed that the isolated virus was one of pancreatitis-type duck hepatitis virus A type 1.
A virus strain, named HeN1403, was isolated from the liver of dead Cherry Valley Breeding ducks.The virus killed 10 days Muscovy duck embryo within 79 hours and showed 33.3% of mortality rate to eight-day-old Muscovy ducklings.HeN1403 was characterized by specific RT-PCR primers which target to duck hepatitis virus A type 1, and it turned out to be a 200 bp fragment.A 714-bp fragment gene was obtained by using a set of primers aimed at VP1 ORF gene.Genetic analysis showed that the isolated virus was one of pancreatitis-type duck hepatitis virus A type 1.
2014, 29(11): 1070-1073.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.11.005
Abstract:
Effects of cutting, matrix and root promoting agent on rooting of Syzygium Samarangense cuttings were studied under the rapid propagation system of germchit intelligent monitor and control.The results showed that the survival rate of the lignified or half-lignified cuttings with leaves was higher and its root traits were better than that of cutting without leaves.And the amount of roots developed on the cuttings was significantly higher when the cuttings were cultivated in peaty soil than in sand.In addition, longer roots were consistently found on cuttings in peaty soil rather than that in sand or in perlite substrate.Among the treatments of root promoting agent IBA, NAA and IAA, the addition of IBA rendered the best result on rooting.Furthermore, the treatment of IBA 500×10-6significantly increased the survival rate of roots as well as the overall growth of the cuutings.
Effects of cutting, matrix and root promoting agent on rooting of Syzygium Samarangense cuttings were studied under the rapid propagation system of germchit intelligent monitor and control.The results showed that the survival rate of the lignified or half-lignified cuttings with leaves was higher and its root traits were better than that of cutting without leaves.And the amount of roots developed on the cuttings was significantly higher when the cuttings were cultivated in peaty soil than in sand.In addition, longer roots were consistently found on cuttings in peaty soil rather than that in sand or in perlite substrate.Among the treatments of root promoting agent IBA, NAA and IAA, the addition of IBA rendered the best result on rooting.Furthermore, the treatment of IBA 500×10-6significantly increased the survival rate of roots as well as the overall growth of the cuutings.
2014, 29(11): 1074-1078.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.11.006
Abstract:
Effect of fertilization and water treatment on cracking, yield and quality of Duweiwendan pomelo fruits was studied.The results showed that by annual application of 25 kg rotten poultry manure, 7kg plant ash, 4kg nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 1kg urea, 0.75 kg calcium nitrate, 0.1kg magnesium sulfate and 0.1kg zinc sulfate to each plant, and at the same time, controlling the water supply at 65% to 75% of the normal usage level during the fruiting period, the fruit cracking rate was reduced by 42.5% to 52.5%.In fact, appropriate fertilization and water management would, at the same time, benefit the soil physical and chemical properties while improving the quality of Duweiwendan pomelo.
Effect of fertilization and water treatment on cracking, yield and quality of Duweiwendan pomelo fruits was studied.The results showed that by annual application of 25 kg rotten poultry manure, 7kg plant ash, 4kg nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 1kg urea, 0.75 kg calcium nitrate, 0.1kg magnesium sulfate and 0.1kg zinc sulfate to each plant, and at the same time, controlling the water supply at 65% to 75% of the normal usage level during the fruiting period, the fruit cracking rate was reduced by 42.5% to 52.5%.In fact, appropriate fertilization and water management would, at the same time, benefit the soil physical and chemical properties while improving the quality of Duweiwendan pomelo.
2014, 29(11): 1079-1082.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.11.007
Abstract:
Based on the ISSR molecular markers, agenetic comparison among 29 Oncidium germplasms was established.The 10 ISSR primers produced 144 DNA bands, averaging 14.4DNA bands per primer, and of which124 (86.11%) were polymorphic.The genetic similarity coefficients of the germplasms ranged from 0.34 to 0.91.At the similarity coefficient of 0.56, the 29 germplasm accessions were classified into 3groups.The clustering results were basically consistent with the traditional classification, which is closely correlated to the flower phenotype of germplasm resources.The result obtained from this study seemed to preliminarily validate the application of ISSR molecular markers for genetic analysis on Oncidium.
Based on the ISSR molecular markers, agenetic comparison among 29 Oncidium germplasms was established.The 10 ISSR primers produced 144 DNA bands, averaging 14.4DNA bands per primer, and of which124 (86.11%) were polymorphic.The genetic similarity coefficients of the germplasms ranged from 0.34 to 0.91.At the similarity coefficient of 0.56, the 29 germplasm accessions were classified into 3groups.The clustering results were basically consistent with the traditional classification, which is closely correlated to the flower phenotype of germplasm resources.The result obtained from this study seemed to preliminarily validate the application of ISSR molecular markers for genetic analysis on Oncidium.
2014, 29(11): 1083-1087.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.11.008
Abstract:
With colchicine was used as the mutagenic agent, combined with tissue culture techniques, the mutagenesis experiments for bud clump and PLB of Oncidium and the molecular marker technology to detect mutagenesis progeny were studied.Resultsshowed that method of mixed medium supplemented with colchicine was the best way to mutage the Oncidium, and the best condition was 10 dinduction with 500 mg·L-1of colchicine.Plant mutation rate was as high as 26.7%, and there were different mutation forms, such as hairchested, polyphyllous, dwarfed plantlets and widened, thickened leaves, and linear, patterned leaves.Mutant strain went through 56successive transfer culture, and part of them remained properties well.Among them, the variation with golden margin leaves and variation with green margin golden leaves had apparent variation compared with the original species on DNA level by RAPD markers.It suggested a new breeding methods and ideas for Oncidium.
With colchicine was used as the mutagenic agent, combined with tissue culture techniques, the mutagenesis experiments for bud clump and PLB of Oncidium and the molecular marker technology to detect mutagenesis progeny were studied.Resultsshowed that method of mixed medium supplemented with colchicine was the best way to mutage the Oncidium, and the best condition was 10 dinduction with 500 mg·L-1of colchicine.Plant mutation rate was as high as 26.7%, and there were different mutation forms, such as hairchested, polyphyllous, dwarfed plantlets and widened, thickened leaves, and linear, patterned leaves.Mutant strain went through 56successive transfer culture, and part of them remained properties well.Among them, the variation with golden margin leaves and variation with green margin golden leaves had apparent variation compared with the original species on DNA level by RAPD markers.It suggested a new breeding methods and ideas for Oncidium.
2014, 29(11): 1088-1091.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.11.009
Abstract:
Seedlings of the first (Treatment A) , second (Treatment B) and third (Treatment C) generations derived from detoxified chewing cane Badila'were used as materials to evaluate their production traits.The seedlings without detoxification used as control (CK) .The results showed that the agronomic traits and quality of seedlings were better in detoxification than in control (CK) .The yield and surge content of second (Treatment B) and third (Treatment C) generations were significantly higher than that of CK for 27% and 0.5%, respectively.The productive characteristics indicated that the detoxified seedling in second and third generations were good for using in commercial sugarcane production, while the detoxified seedling in first (Treatment A) generation was suited for propagation.Detoxified seedlings were sensitive to mosaic virus and infective rate to the virus was increasing concomitant with seedling generation development.Therefore, it is important in protective control for detoxified seedlings against the spread of mosaic virus.
Seedlings of the first (Treatment A) , second (Treatment B) and third (Treatment C) generations derived from detoxified chewing cane Badila'were used as materials to evaluate their production traits.The seedlings without detoxification used as control (CK) .The results showed that the agronomic traits and quality of seedlings were better in detoxification than in control (CK) .The yield and surge content of second (Treatment B) and third (Treatment C) generations were significantly higher than that of CK for 27% and 0.5%, respectively.The productive characteristics indicated that the detoxified seedling in second and third generations were good for using in commercial sugarcane production, while the detoxified seedling in first (Treatment A) generation was suited for propagation.Detoxified seedlings were sensitive to mosaic virus and infective rate to the virus was increasing concomitant with seedling generation development.Therefore, it is important in protective control for detoxified seedlings against the spread of mosaic virus.
2014, 29(11): 1092-1097.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.11.010
Abstract:
A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to study the effect of the varied nitrogen (N) inputs, i.e., 0mg·kg-1 (N0) , 100mg·kg-1 (N1) , 200mg·kg-1 (N2) and 400mg·kg-1 (N3) , on the organic carbon mineralization (OCM) in the yellow and red soils at tea plantations.The results indicated that under N0 the cumulative OCM of the yellow soil was 586.58mg·kg-1, which was significantly higher than that of the red soil (298.84mg·kg-1) .But, the rate and constant kof mineralization were significantly lower for the yellow soil than those for the red soil.Increasing exogenous N resulted in the increase of the cumulative OCM in the yellow and red soils by 20.90%-91.88% and 48.52%-113.88%, respectively.The first-order kinetics equation appeared to adequately describe the dynamics of OCM in the soils.N fertilization made the easily mineralizable organic carbon (C1) in soil increased significantly with an exponentially increased k, raised the initial potential mineralization rate (Cok) , and lowered the half-life.The results suggested that a short term N treatment could promote the OCM turnover, which was conducive to the carbon/N transformation and fertility improvement of the soil.
A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to study the effect of the varied nitrogen (N) inputs, i.e., 0mg·kg-1 (N0) , 100mg·kg-1 (N1) , 200mg·kg-1 (N2) and 400mg·kg-1 (N3) , on the organic carbon mineralization (OCM) in the yellow and red soils at tea plantations.The results indicated that under N0 the cumulative OCM of the yellow soil was 586.58mg·kg-1, which was significantly higher than that of the red soil (298.84mg·kg-1) .But, the rate and constant kof mineralization were significantly lower for the yellow soil than those for the red soil.Increasing exogenous N resulted in the increase of the cumulative OCM in the yellow and red soils by 20.90%-91.88% and 48.52%-113.88%, respectively.The first-order kinetics equation appeared to adequately describe the dynamics of OCM in the soils.N fertilization made the easily mineralizable organic carbon (C1) in soil increased significantly with an exponentially increased k, raised the initial potential mineralization rate (Cok) , and lowered the half-life.The results suggested that a short term N treatment could promote the OCM turnover, which was conducive to the carbon/N transformation and fertility improvement of the soil.
2014, 29(11): 1098-1103.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.11.011
Abstract:
Farmland ecosystem is an important carbon source and carbon pool.Estimating the carbon emission and absorption of a farmland ecosystem is significantly important in making strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emission.Based on the statistical data of crop yield, cropland areas and agricultural inputs in the period from 1991to2010, the amounts of carbon absorption and emission of farmland ecosystems in Fujian were calculated, and the spatial-temporal variations and impact factors of carbon absorption and emission were also analyzed.The results indicated that, the total amount of carbon absorption has a decreasing tendency, which reduced from 1 161.14×104t in 1991 to 672.13×104 t in 2010.The total amount of carbon emission has an increasing tendency, which increased from 114.05×104t in 1991 to 195.10×104t in 2010.The amount of carbon sequestration has a decreasing tendency, which reduced from 1 047.09×104 t in 1991 to 477.03×104 t in 2010.The carbon absorption per unit area of arable land also showed a descending trend, however the carbon emission per unit area of arable land remained almost no changes.In 2010, the amounts of carbon absorption and carbon sequestration were both maximum in Nanping, and the amount of carbon emission was maximum in Zhangzhou.However, the minimum in the amounts of carbon absorption, carbon emission and carbon sequestration were all in Xiamen.The results in correlation analysis showed that, carbon absorption was significantly positive correlated with the yields of rice, wheat and sugarcane.Carbon emission was significantly positive correlated with the potassic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, pesticide, power and fuels consumption.The results will serve as a strong support for the development of low carbon agriculture of Fujian Province.
Farmland ecosystem is an important carbon source and carbon pool.Estimating the carbon emission and absorption of a farmland ecosystem is significantly important in making strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emission.Based on the statistical data of crop yield, cropland areas and agricultural inputs in the period from 1991to2010, the amounts of carbon absorption and emission of farmland ecosystems in Fujian were calculated, and the spatial-temporal variations and impact factors of carbon absorption and emission were also analyzed.The results indicated that, the total amount of carbon absorption has a decreasing tendency, which reduced from 1 161.14×104t in 1991 to 672.13×104 t in 2010.The total amount of carbon emission has an increasing tendency, which increased from 114.05×104t in 1991 to 195.10×104t in 2010.The amount of carbon sequestration has a decreasing tendency, which reduced from 1 047.09×104 t in 1991 to 477.03×104 t in 2010.The carbon absorption per unit area of arable land also showed a descending trend, however the carbon emission per unit area of arable land remained almost no changes.In 2010, the amounts of carbon absorption and carbon sequestration were both maximum in Nanping, and the amount of carbon emission was maximum in Zhangzhou.However, the minimum in the amounts of carbon absorption, carbon emission and carbon sequestration were all in Xiamen.The results in correlation analysis showed that, carbon absorption was significantly positive correlated with the yields of rice, wheat and sugarcane.Carbon emission was significantly positive correlated with the potassic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, pesticide, power and fuels consumption.The results will serve as a strong support for the development of low carbon agriculture of Fujian Province.
2014, 29(11): 1104-1108.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.11.012
Abstract:
4005paddy soils in Minqing county was used to assay the fertility, and which was compared with the second general soil survey, then the effect of NPK fertilization on middle-season rice was character by 3414 experiments from 2007 to 2012.The results showed that organic matter and available phosphorus accounte for88.44% and 75.21%, respectively.Available nitrogen and potassium accounted for 86.04% and 83.50%.Available calcium, sulfur and zinc were above middle, but the available magnesium and boron were scared.Compared with the results of second general soil survey, the proportion of acid soil increased and the organic matter and available nutrient content increased.The effect of NPK on middle-season rice were 20.5%、3.6% and 6.5%respectively, but it is different from results in the 1980s (N>P>K) .Our results suggest that lime will be used to adjust pH, organic fertilizer、nitrogen and potassium will be used to increased fertilizer, and phosphorus and medium trace element also will be used in middle-season rice in Minqing County.
4005paddy soils in Minqing county was used to assay the fertility, and which was compared with the second general soil survey, then the effect of NPK fertilization on middle-season rice was character by 3414 experiments from 2007 to 2012.The results showed that organic matter and available phosphorus accounte for88.44% and 75.21%, respectively.Available nitrogen and potassium accounted for 86.04% and 83.50%.Available calcium, sulfur and zinc were above middle, but the available magnesium and boron were scared.Compared with the results of second general soil survey, the proportion of acid soil increased and the organic matter and available nutrient content increased.The effect of NPK on middle-season rice were 20.5%、3.6% and 6.5%respectively, but it is different from results in the 1980s (N>P>K) .Our results suggest that lime will be used to adjust pH, organic fertilizer、nitrogen and potassium will be used to increased fertilizer, and phosphorus and medium trace element also will be used in middle-season rice in Minqing County.
2014, 29(11): 1109-1113.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.11.013
Abstract:
In order to investigate the technological advantages of new composting method by shedding gutter static fermentation, traditional gutter fermentation were compared with new shedding gutter fermentation for investigation in composting shape, temperature, moisture content, pH, contents of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium and organic carbon in compost.The production cost and benefit was analyzed.Comparing traditional method, results showed that the new shedding gutter static fermentation was more convenient in ventilation for control of temperature.Fermentation temperature increased faster and retained high temperature better, which could kill insects' eggs effectively and no insect pupa flies existed during fermentation process.Moreover, the moisture of compost was removed quickly and the nutrient contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium increased significantly, the production cost reduced evidently.Resultsindicated that shedding gutter static composting for organic fertilizer reduced fermented time, favored for deodorization and corrupting of compost, saved energy for natural drying with solar and biological fermentation heat effectively.The techniques economically benefited with low in investment and running/maintenance cost, was possible to be applied commercially for organic fertilizer production and farm waste disposal.
In order to investigate the technological advantages of new composting method by shedding gutter static fermentation, traditional gutter fermentation were compared with new shedding gutter fermentation for investigation in composting shape, temperature, moisture content, pH, contents of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium and organic carbon in compost.The production cost and benefit was analyzed.Comparing traditional method, results showed that the new shedding gutter static fermentation was more convenient in ventilation for control of temperature.Fermentation temperature increased faster and retained high temperature better, which could kill insects' eggs effectively and no insect pupa flies existed during fermentation process.Moreover, the moisture of compost was removed quickly and the nutrient contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium increased significantly, the production cost reduced evidently.Resultsindicated that shedding gutter static composting for organic fertilizer reduced fermented time, favored for deodorization and corrupting of compost, saved energy for natural drying with solar and biological fermentation heat effectively.The techniques economically benefited with low in investment and running/maintenance cost, was possible to be applied commercially for organic fertilizer production and farm waste disposal.
2014, 29(11): 1114-1117.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.11.014
Abstract:
A duplex PCR protocol for the detection of two main viruses in sweet potato was developed based on the coat protein (CP) gene of Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) and the (Hsp70) gene of Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) .They were able to amplify unique DNA fragments of 461 bp and 304 bp in a single PCR reaction.The sequence analysis suggst that the two viruses shared at least 93 percent homology with other related viruses.
A duplex PCR protocol for the detection of two main viruses in sweet potato was developed based on the coat protein (CP) gene of Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) and the (Hsp70) gene of Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) .They were able to amplify unique DNA fragments of 461 bp and 304 bp in a single PCR reaction.The sequence analysis suggst that the two viruses shared at least 93 percent homology with other related viruses.
2014, 29(11): 1118-1121.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.11.015
Abstract:
To evaluated the dynamics of sporangium diffusion in Tomato Botrytis cinerea and its correlation with disease incidence in greenhouse, observation the dynamic time and space of airborne spores of Tomato Gray Mold by trapped the conidium was assayed.The results showed that the diffusion of Botrytis cinerea on the time and space are randomly Sporangium diffusion occurred mainly during daytime and 88.4% of Botrytis cinerea were trapped during 8:00to 20:00.The trapped quantity of Botrytis cinerea increased after10:00and reducedafter 16:00quickly, and the maximum quantity of conidium Trapped occurred between 12:00to 14:00.Our results suggest that the trapped quantity of Botrytis cinereacorrelated with the Disease index of Gray Mold in the greenhouse during mid to late March to late Aprill (R=0.8850, P<0.01) significantly, and it will be benefit for the predict tomato gray mold and select suitable date for control
To evaluated the dynamics of sporangium diffusion in Tomato Botrytis cinerea and its correlation with disease incidence in greenhouse, observation the dynamic time and space of airborne spores of Tomato Gray Mold by trapped the conidium was assayed.The results showed that the diffusion of Botrytis cinerea on the time and space are randomly Sporangium diffusion occurred mainly during daytime and 88.4% of Botrytis cinerea were trapped during 8:00to 20:00.The trapped quantity of Botrytis cinerea increased after10:00and reducedafter 16:00quickly, and the maximum quantity of conidium Trapped occurred between 12:00to 14:00.Our results suggest that the trapped quantity of Botrytis cinereacorrelated with the Disease index of Gray Mold in the greenhouse during mid to late March to late Aprill (R=0.8850, P<0.01) significantly, and it will be benefit for the predict tomato gray mold and select suitable date for control
2014, 29(11): 1122-1126.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.11.016
Abstract:
Symptoms, occurrence regularity and influencing factors of the spot disease in pear leaf were investigated and analyzed through field tracking and fixed observation.The results showed that the pear spots disease performed with small spot and large quantity in field.The spots could appear in leaf surface, vein and petiole, and made the leaves become yellow-green at the middle-late stage.The disease level would be higher during years with more rainy days or heavier rain, and be more gentle on the contrary.The disease degree varied among different pear species, which was lighter on Mixue, Mingfu, Huanghua and Qingxiang.Meanwhile, the disease degree was negatively correlated to the altitude with significant or very significant difference, and decreased as the height increasing.Within a flat ground orchard, pear leaves of the side rows showed more resistant to the spot disease.And among gardens, higher management level with the robust tree could greatly reduce the incidence and control the spreading tendency of the spot disease.
Symptoms, occurrence regularity and influencing factors of the spot disease in pear leaf were investigated and analyzed through field tracking and fixed observation.The results showed that the pear spots disease performed with small spot and large quantity in field.The spots could appear in leaf surface, vein and petiole, and made the leaves become yellow-green at the middle-late stage.The disease level would be higher during years with more rainy days or heavier rain, and be more gentle on the contrary.The disease degree varied among different pear species, which was lighter on Mixue, Mingfu, Huanghua and Qingxiang.Meanwhile, the disease degree was negatively correlated to the altitude with significant or very significant difference, and decreased as the height increasing.Within a flat ground orchard, pear leaves of the side rows showed more resistant to the spot disease.And among gardens, higher management level with the robust tree could greatly reduce the incidence and control the spreading tendency of the spot disease.
2014, 29(11): 1127-1131.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.11.017
Abstract:
Systematic monitoring results of rat situation in Yunxiao County (Fujian Province) from 2002 to 2011showed that Rattus rattoides is a dominant specie in residential areas, accounting for 84.5%.There is obvious seasonal fluctuation, monthly average catch rate (5.4%-9.2%) , two peak of catch rate in a year, though the population dynamics is stable relatively.Normally, the sex ratio (♀/♂) of Rattus rattoides was 1.5:1and the Pregnant rats was found in a year.Meantime, the monthly pregnant rate, reproductive index were 45.9%, 160.6%, suggesting that Rattus rattoides has a greater reproductive capacity.Our results will put forward to the sustainable control strategy of farmland rodent and provides the reference for scientific deratization.
Systematic monitoring results of rat situation in Yunxiao County (Fujian Province) from 2002 to 2011showed that Rattus rattoides is a dominant specie in residential areas, accounting for 84.5%.There is obvious seasonal fluctuation, monthly average catch rate (5.4%-9.2%) , two peak of catch rate in a year, though the population dynamics is stable relatively.Normally, the sex ratio (♀/♂) of Rattus rattoides was 1.5:1and the Pregnant rats was found in a year.Meantime, the monthly pregnant rate, reproductive index were 45.9%, 160.6%, suggesting that Rattus rattoides has a greater reproductive capacity.Our results will put forward to the sustainable control strategy of farmland rodent and provides the reference for scientific deratization.
2014, 29(11): 1132-1137.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.11.018
Abstract:
Based on analyzing the introduced ways, biological characteristics, and potential hazards of Pennisetum sp, as well as the ecological environment and management status, an index system for risk assessment of Pennisetum sp.was established, consisting of 3different layers, ie.objective, criteria, and index layers, which include 20 index parameters, by following the principle of essentiality, systematicness, practicality and portability, and used to evaluate the risk rank of Pennisetum sp.in Fujian Province.The results showed that there was no risk to plant Pennisetumsp.in Fujian Province, which can be introduced or need not to take any preventive measures.Our work provides a theoretical basis for the safety of introduction, and large-scale cultivation and production of Pennisetum sp.in Fujian Province, beside that it will be of great importance in improving the economic benefit and protecting the biodiversity in our country.
Based on analyzing the introduced ways, biological characteristics, and potential hazards of Pennisetum sp, as well as the ecological environment and management status, an index system for risk assessment of Pennisetum sp.was established, consisting of 3different layers, ie.objective, criteria, and index layers, which include 20 index parameters, by following the principle of essentiality, systematicness, practicality and portability, and used to evaluate the risk rank of Pennisetum sp.in Fujian Province.The results showed that there was no risk to plant Pennisetumsp.in Fujian Province, which can be introduced or need not to take any preventive measures.Our work provides a theoretical basis for the safety of introduction, and large-scale cultivation and production of Pennisetum sp.in Fujian Province, beside that it will be of great importance in improving the economic benefit and protecting the biodiversity in our country.
2014, 29(11): 1138-1142.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.11.019
Abstract:
In this paper, HACCP quality control for producing half-dry instant Pleurotus eryngii was discussed based on the hazards while processing with Pleurotus eryngii by-products.To maintain the quality of products, the critical control points were identified for precaution and delimitation on checking of raw material, cooking, vacuum packaging, hot air drying and sterilization by pulsed UV irradiation.It was proved that HACCP system practiced effectively on providing safety and quality control for industry production of instant Pleurotus eryngii.
In this paper, HACCP quality control for producing half-dry instant Pleurotus eryngii was discussed based on the hazards while processing with Pleurotus eryngii by-products.To maintain the quality of products, the critical control points were identified for precaution and delimitation on checking of raw material, cooking, vacuum packaging, hot air drying and sterilization by pulsed UV irradiation.It was proved that HACCP system practiced effectively on providing safety and quality control for industry production of instant Pleurotus eryngii.
2014, 29(11): 1143-1145.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.11.020
Abstract:
The main problem of the rural logistics in China is that the farmers are kept out of the logistics system, which makes the revenue of farmers reduced significantly.Thus, the new rural logistics system should be constructed to ensure the farmers' host position and practical benefits according to current agricultural production ways and rural social management system.
The main problem of the rural logistics in China is that the farmers are kept out of the logistics system, which makes the revenue of farmers reduced significantly.Thus, the new rural logistics system should be constructed to ensure the farmers' host position and practical benefits according to current agricultural production ways and rural social management system.
2014, 29(11): 1146-1149.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.11.021
Abstract:
Integrated Cooperatives (IC) played an important role in agricultural development and rural social stability in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan of China.In Mainland China, the agricultural technology extension services faced many challenges in the areas including funding, operations, and balancing supply/demand.This article describes how IC impacted the operational efficiency.Research showed that IC could save transaction cost by diversification;alleviate divided departmental interests through mutual cooperation;minimize market risks with proper operational mechanisms and management;gain farmers' cooperation by providing varieties of services;and foster a consolidated community by " sharing the risks and profits" with the members.Hence, an efficient agricultural technology extension program could be realized with appropriate mechanisms and efforts in place.
Integrated Cooperatives (IC) played an important role in agricultural development and rural social stability in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan of China.In Mainland China, the agricultural technology extension services faced many challenges in the areas including funding, operations, and balancing supply/demand.This article describes how IC impacted the operational efficiency.Research showed that IC could save transaction cost by diversification;alleviate divided departmental interests through mutual cooperation;minimize market risks with proper operational mechanisms and management;gain farmers' cooperation by providing varieties of services;and foster a consolidated community by " sharing the risks and profits" with the members.Hence, an efficient agricultural technology extension program could be realized with appropriate mechanisms and efforts in place.
2014, 29(11): 1150-1154.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.11.022
Abstract:
In recent years, various types of agricultural science and technology Exposition Parks are developing rapidly in China.In this paper, principal contents, developing pattern and existed problems for agricultural science and technology Exposition Park were analyzed based on its function, history and evolution in China.
In recent years, various types of agricultural science and technology Exposition Parks are developing rapidly in China.In this paper, principal contents, developing pattern and existed problems for agricultural science and technology Exposition Park were analyzed based on its function, history and evolution in China.
2014, 29(11): 1155-1157.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.11.023
Abstract:
With no tissue culture chewing cane seedling was used as control, 4kinds of endogenous hormones of the somaclone offspring were tested, and the mechanism of tillering of chewing cane and control technology was studied by exogenous hormone treatment.Resultsshowed that IAA and CTK content of somaclone offspring were higher than control, which suggested that they might play a role in the process of tillering, but ABA and GA3 content was not significantly different from control.The result of exogenous hormone treatment showed that 6-BA treatment could significantly improve tillering rate of chewing cane, and NAA had the certain effect on the inhibition of chewing cane tillering.Comprehensive the result above, we speculated that the effect factors of chewing cane somaclone tillering might be the 6-BA which was remained in the process of tissue culture.
With no tissue culture chewing cane seedling was used as control, 4kinds of endogenous hormones of the somaclone offspring were tested, and the mechanism of tillering of chewing cane and control technology was studied by exogenous hormone treatment.Resultsshowed that IAA and CTK content of somaclone offspring were higher than control, which suggested that they might play a role in the process of tillering, but ABA and GA3 content was not significantly different from control.The result of exogenous hormone treatment showed that 6-BA treatment could significantly improve tillering rate of chewing cane, and NAA had the certain effect on the inhibition of chewing cane tillering.Comprehensive the result above, we speculated that the effect factors of chewing cane somaclone tillering might be the 6-BA which was remained in the process of tissue culture.
