2014 Vol. 29, No. 10
Display Method:
2014, 29(10): 935-938.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.10.001
Abstract:
The entire E gene from the duck Tembusu virus (strain WR) was amplified by RT-PCR, and cloned into the pEASY-T3 vector.The recombinant plasmids carrying the target fragment were digested with Bam HI and Xho I, and cloned into the pET-32 avector to construct recombinant plasmid to be named pET-E.pET-E was subsequently transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) .The fusion protein was expressed by IPTG induction, and presented mainly as inclusion bodies.The positive western blotting result suggested a strong reactinogenicity of the protein.
The entire E gene from the duck Tembusu virus (strain WR) was amplified by RT-PCR, and cloned into the pEASY-T3 vector.The recombinant plasmids carrying the target fragment were digested with Bam HI and Xho I, and cloned into the pET-32 avector to construct recombinant plasmid to be named pET-E.pET-E was subsequently transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) .The fusion protein was expressed by IPTG induction, and presented mainly as inclusion bodies.The positive western blotting result suggested a strong reactinogenicity of the protein.
2014, 29(10): 939-941.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.10.002
Abstract:
In an attempt to improve the egg-laying of the local Liboyaoshan chickens, PCR analysis was used to detect and identify the possible association of the 24-bp Indel (-377to-354bp) in PRL 5′-region with the egglaying of the chicken.The results showed that the site was a deletion type (83%) and no homozytes of insertion was found.There was no significant differences on the egg-laying performance of the chickens with PRL+/+, +/- or-/- genotypes (P>0.05) .
In an attempt to improve the egg-laying of the local Liboyaoshan chickens, PCR analysis was used to detect and identify the possible association of the 24-bp Indel (-377to-354bp) in PRL 5′-region with the egglaying of the chicken.The results showed that the site was a deletion type (83%) and no homozytes of insertion was found.There was no significant differences on the egg-laying performance of the chickens with PRL+/+, +/- or-/- genotypes (P>0.05) .
2014, 29(10): 942-948.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.10.003
Abstract:
Hengda A was a CMS Line rice bred by multiple-crossing the maintainer lines selected between Longtepu B and the filial generation F2 of the hybrid of D62 Band IR58025Bwith Zhenshan 97 Athrough successive backcrossing for years.It was registered and released for commercial applications in Fujian in 2014.Its outstanding characteristics included a complete sterility, high outcrossing rate, large panicle with numerous grains, strong tillering ability and desirable combining capacity.The breeding process, botanical characteristics and performance of the hybrid rice varieties of Hengda A are presented.
Hengda A was a CMS Line rice bred by multiple-crossing the maintainer lines selected between Longtepu B and the filial generation F2 of the hybrid of D62 Band IR58025Bwith Zhenshan 97 Athrough successive backcrossing for years.It was registered and released for commercial applications in Fujian in 2014.Its outstanding characteristics included a complete sterility, high outcrossing rate, large panicle with numerous grains, strong tillering ability and desirable combining capacity.The breeding process, botanical characteristics and performance of the hybrid rice varieties of Hengda A are presented.
2014, 29(10): 949-954.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.10.004
Abstract:
Jingfu 8You 77, a cross between Jingfu 8Aand Minghui 77, was an early-maturing indian hybrid rice developed by the Rice Research Institute at Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences in collaboration with Fujian Asia Feng Seed Industry Co., Ltd.The new variety exhibited the desirable characteristics with respect of plant morphology, panicle, grains per panicle, color change at mycelium ripening, yield, rice blast resistance, maturity and adaptability.It was certified by Fujian Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in June, 2014.The breeding procedures, yield and characteristics of this new rice variet are presented.
Jingfu 8You 77, a cross between Jingfu 8Aand Minghui 77, was an early-maturing indian hybrid rice developed by the Rice Research Institute at Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences in collaboration with Fujian Asia Feng Seed Industry Co., Ltd.The new variety exhibited the desirable characteristics with respect of plant morphology, panicle, grains per panicle, color change at mycelium ripening, yield, rice blast resistance, maturity and adaptability.It was certified by Fujian Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in June, 2014.The breeding procedures, yield and characteristics of this new rice variet are presented.
2014, 29(10): 955-959.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.10.005
Abstract:
The new Guyou 627 rice exhibited a strong resistance to rice blast and high and stable yield as well as wide adaptability during a two-year regional trial.The correlation and path analysis showed that the desirable panicles per unit area and grains per panicle contributed to its high yield.Information on the cultivation and production of this new rice variety is presented.
The new Guyou 627 rice exhibited a strong resistance to rice blast and high and stable yield as well as wide adaptability during a two-year regional trial.The correlation and path analysis showed that the desirable panicles per unit area and grains per panicle contributed to its high yield.Information on the cultivation and production of this new rice variety is presented.
2014, 29(10): 960-965.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.10.006
Abstract:
A genetic linkage map for loquat was established based on 56F1 population derived from the cross between Zao Zhong No.6and Gui Fei loquats using JoinMap 4.0software.The map consisted of 19 linkage groups including94 genetic markers (i.e., 23 SSR markers, 28 ISSR markers, 42 SRAP markers and 1flesh color GRYS trait) .The map covered 849.0cM of the genome.The average length of the genetic linkage group was 44.7cM, and the average distance between the adjacent loci was 9.1cM.Each group contained 2to 16 loci, and 4.9 markers per group.The marker linked to the flesh color of the fruits was located in between S33-250 and UCB842-1 000 in Group 5.
A genetic linkage map for loquat was established based on 56F1 population derived from the cross between Zao Zhong No.6and Gui Fei loquats using JoinMap 4.0software.The map consisted of 19 linkage groups including94 genetic markers (i.e., 23 SSR markers, 28 ISSR markers, 42 SRAP markers and 1flesh color GRYS trait) .The map covered 849.0cM of the genome.The average length of the genetic linkage group was 44.7cM, and the average distance between the adjacent loci was 9.1cM.Each group contained 2to 16 loci, and 4.9 markers per group.The marker linked to the flesh color of the fruits was located in between S33-250 and UCB842-1 000 in Group 5.
2014, 29(10): 966-969.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.10.007
Abstract:
Three-year-old Xiahei grape plants were used to study the effect of the early-maturing cultivation facility at Sanming city on the phenology, quality and yield of the grapes, during 2012 and 2013.The cultivation shortened the fruit maturity time by more than 17 days which provided the grapes for early marketing with an increased profit margin.Meanwhile, the total sugar, acidity and vitamin C contents of the fruits were not found significantly different from those of the conventionally cultivated grapes.
Three-year-old Xiahei grape plants were used to study the effect of the early-maturing cultivation facility at Sanming city on the phenology, quality and yield of the grapes, during 2012 and 2013.The cultivation shortened the fruit maturity time by more than 17 days which provided the grapes for early marketing with an increased profit margin.Meanwhile, the total sugar, acidity and vitamin C contents of the fruits were not found significantly different from those of the conventionally cultivated grapes.
2014, 29(10): 970-975.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.10.008
Abstract:
Identification and preservation of tea cultivars plays a crucial role in the production and development of the tea industry in China.This paper presents the genetic variances and molecular fingerprints of 10 tea cultivars selected and cultivated by our research team and 5control cultivars in Fujian by using SSR molecular markers.It aimed to further clarify the genetic differences of these cultivars providing a basis for identification of newly improved tea cultivars and protection of intellectual property rights.In the course, 6core primer pairs with high polymorphism were selected from the 105 published pairs.The genetic similarity coefficient of the 15 tested cultivars varied greatly, ranging from 0.35 to 0.91.It generally reached above average (≥0.65) with high at 0.80-0.91 for the 8tea cultivars and 4control cultivars from South and North Fujian among the tested varieties.Consequently, there was little or no genetic differences among the cultivars.Applying the cluster analysis, all tested materials could be divided into 8groups at the similarity coefficient of 0.77, and 6groups in the similarity coefficient of 0.66.The molecular fingerprints of the tested cultivars were established using the primer pairs combination of W08, D07 and L11.The characteristic stripes obtained were between 210-630 bp, which could conceivably suffice successful identifications of individual cultivars.
Identification and preservation of tea cultivars plays a crucial role in the production and development of the tea industry in China.This paper presents the genetic variances and molecular fingerprints of 10 tea cultivars selected and cultivated by our research team and 5control cultivars in Fujian by using SSR molecular markers.It aimed to further clarify the genetic differences of these cultivars providing a basis for identification of newly improved tea cultivars and protection of intellectual property rights.In the course, 6core primer pairs with high polymorphism were selected from the 105 published pairs.The genetic similarity coefficient of the 15 tested cultivars varied greatly, ranging from 0.35 to 0.91.It generally reached above average (≥0.65) with high at 0.80-0.91 for the 8tea cultivars and 4control cultivars from South and North Fujian among the tested varieties.Consequently, there was little or no genetic differences among the cultivars.Applying the cluster analysis, all tested materials could be divided into 8groups at the similarity coefficient of 0.77, and 6groups in the similarity coefficient of 0.66.The molecular fingerprints of the tested cultivars were established using the primer pairs combination of W08, D07 and L11.The characteristic stripes obtained were between 210-630 bp, which could conceivably suffice successful identifications of individual cultivars.
2014, 29(10): 976-981.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.10.009
Abstract:
In vitro conservation by growth retardation of Phalaenopsis amabilis shoots and genetic stability of the regenerated plantlets were studied.The results showed that, at (24±3) ℃ with a 12 hphotoperiod of 2 000-2 500 lx in the initial 3 months followed by 500-1 000 lx for another 3 months, 96.3% of the shoots could be satisfactorily preserved in vitro for 18 months on the medium containing Hyponex No.1 3.0g·L-1+AC 0.5g·L-1 supplemented with 10g·L-1 sucrose.When the medium, Hyponex No.1 3.0g·L-1+AC 0.5g·L-1+sucrose 20g·L-1 supplemented with 15g·L-1 mannitol or 6.0mg L-1 PP333, was applied, the survival rate was80.0%for 18 months, but a high proliferation rate of 4.1 was obtained.After the treatments, all plantlets recovered normal growth with no significant morphological deviations from the control.The RAPD analysis also exhibited no different bands from the control, indicating agenetic stability of P.amabilis toward the treatments.
In vitro conservation by growth retardation of Phalaenopsis amabilis shoots and genetic stability of the regenerated plantlets were studied.The results showed that, at (24±3) ℃ with a 12 hphotoperiod of 2 000-2 500 lx in the initial 3 months followed by 500-1 000 lx for another 3 months, 96.3% of the shoots could be satisfactorily preserved in vitro for 18 months on the medium containing Hyponex No.1 3.0g·L-1+AC 0.5g·L-1 supplemented with 10g·L-1 sucrose.When the medium, Hyponex No.1 3.0g·L-1+AC 0.5g·L-1+sucrose 20g·L-1 supplemented with 15g·L-1 mannitol or 6.0mg L-1 PP333, was applied, the survival rate was80.0%for 18 months, but a high proliferation rate of 4.1 was obtained.After the treatments, all plantlets recovered normal growth with no significant morphological deviations from the control.The RAPD analysis also exhibited no different bands from the control, indicating agenetic stability of P.amabilis toward the treatments.
2014, 29(10): 982-986.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.10.010
Abstract:
Nutrient constituents of the litter of feeding pigs in the microbial fermentation bed were determined and effects on the mycelial growth of five edible fungi in different formulas added with litter of different proportions were studied.The results showed the content of nitrogen was 1.63% in litter providing good nitrogen source for the mycelial growth of edible fungi, mycelium of five edible fungi could grow in different formulas, suitable proportion of litter in the substrate can promote mycelial growth, the highest mycelial growth rate of Pleurotus ostreatus was9.50 mm d-1 when the formula contained 35% litter, the highest mycelial growth rate of Auricularia polytricha was 4.50 mm·d-1 when the formula contained 40% litter, the highest mycelial growth rate of Flammulina velutipes was 4.35mm·d-1 when the formula contained 35%litter, the highest mycelial growth rate of Pholiota nameko was 4.52mm·d-1 when the formula contained 20%litter, the highest mycelial growth rate of Hypsizigus marmoreus was 2.60mm·d-1 when the formula contained 45%litter, they were very significantly higher than the control (P<0.01) .
Nutrient constituents of the litter of feeding pigs in the microbial fermentation bed were determined and effects on the mycelial growth of five edible fungi in different formulas added with litter of different proportions were studied.The results showed the content of nitrogen was 1.63% in litter providing good nitrogen source for the mycelial growth of edible fungi, mycelium of five edible fungi could grow in different formulas, suitable proportion of litter in the substrate can promote mycelial growth, the highest mycelial growth rate of Pleurotus ostreatus was9.50 mm d-1 when the formula contained 35% litter, the highest mycelial growth rate of Auricularia polytricha was 4.50 mm·d-1 when the formula contained 40% litter, the highest mycelial growth rate of Flammulina velutipes was 4.35mm·d-1 when the formula contained 35%litter, the highest mycelial growth rate of Pholiota nameko was 4.52mm·d-1 when the formula contained 20%litter, the highest mycelial growth rate of Hypsizigus marmoreus was 2.60mm·d-1 when the formula contained 45%litter, they were very significantly higher than the control (P<0.01) .
2014, 29(10): 987-994.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.10.011
Abstract:
Using HPLC, an analytical method was developed to simultaneously determine the contents of gallic acid (GA) , 8catechins (i.e., GC, EGC, C, EGCG, EC, GCG, ECG and CG) and 3alkaloids (i.e., theobromine, theophylline and caffeine) in tea.Separation of the 12 chemicals on two chromatographic columns (Zorbax SB-C18 and TSKgel ODS-100Z) were investigated. The chromatographic conditions applied were the result from optimizations of the elution mode, pH of the mobile phase, column temperature and flow rate.They included:maintaining TSKgel ODS-100 Z column at 40℃, using 2‰ formic acid-water solution (mobile phase A) and methanol (mobile phase B) with the gradient elution mode of 83% A (0min) →75% A (5min) →73% A (7min) →58% A (16min) →83% A (18min) at the flow rate of 1.0mL·min-1, and detecting at the wavelength of 280 nm.Methodological evaluation and application on 6tea samples were subsequently conducted for verification.The correlation coefficients of the resulting linear equations for all of the components were greater than 0.9990, RSDs%of accuracy of the retention time and peak area lower than 0.105% and 4.076%, respectively, and the recovery rates from 97.767% to 104.766%.It appeared that the newly developed analytical method could yield linear relationships on data, as well as desirable precision, recovery and separability on the measurements for accurate and simultaneous determinations of gallic acid, catechins and alkaloids in tea.
Using HPLC, an analytical method was developed to simultaneously determine the contents of gallic acid (GA) , 8catechins (i.e., GC, EGC, C, EGCG, EC, GCG, ECG and CG) and 3alkaloids (i.e., theobromine, theophylline and caffeine) in tea.Separation of the 12 chemicals on two chromatographic columns (Zorbax SB-C18 and TSKgel ODS-100Z) were investigated. The chromatographic conditions applied were the result from optimizations of the elution mode, pH of the mobile phase, column temperature and flow rate.They included:maintaining TSKgel ODS-100 Z column at 40℃, using 2‰ formic acid-water solution (mobile phase A) and methanol (mobile phase B) with the gradient elution mode of 83% A (0min) →75% A (5min) →73% A (7min) →58% A (16min) →83% A (18min) at the flow rate of 1.0mL·min-1, and detecting at the wavelength of 280 nm.Methodological evaluation and application on 6tea samples were subsequently conducted for verification.The correlation coefficients of the resulting linear equations for all of the components were greater than 0.9990, RSDs%of accuracy of the retention time and peak area lower than 0.105% and 4.076%, respectively, and the recovery rates from 97.767% to 104.766%.It appeared that the newly developed analytical method could yield linear relationships on data, as well as desirable precision, recovery and separability on the measurements for accurate and simultaneous determinations of gallic acid, catechins and alkaloids in tea.
2014, 29(10): 995-999.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.10.012
Abstract:
A suspected pathogen that caused the stalk rot on Anoectochilus roxburghii was isolated by means of tissue separation.It was subsequently subjected to the pathogenicity tests, morphological observation and molecular biology analysis for positive identification.The massive amount of aerial mycelia of the pathogen were gossypine, separate, branched, and capable of generating apurple pigment.Its macroconidium appeared in the shape of a spindle, and the microconidium in the shape of an egg.By inoculating the isolated strain to A.roxburghii, a pathogenicity to the plant was observed.Based on a blast test of rDNA-ITS sequence, the blight pathogen was identified to be Fusarium oxysporum Schl.
A suspected pathogen that caused the stalk rot on Anoectochilus roxburghii was isolated by means of tissue separation.It was subsequently subjected to the pathogenicity tests, morphological observation and molecular biology analysis for positive identification.The massive amount of aerial mycelia of the pathogen were gossypine, separate, branched, and capable of generating apurple pigment.Its macroconidium appeared in the shape of a spindle, and the microconidium in the shape of an egg.By inoculating the isolated strain to A.roxburghii, a pathogenicity to the plant was observed.Based on a blast test of rDNA-ITS sequence, the blight pathogen was identified to be Fusarium oxysporum Schl.
2014, 29(10): 1000-1002.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.10.013
Abstract:
A 55% propisochlor-atrazine-2, 4-D butylate suspoemulson, the commonly used herbicide for corn crops, was diluted with water into solutions with herbicide concentrations of 0.55%, 0.27%and 0.18%and sprayed on 10 medicinal plants including Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce var., Oreorchis patens (Lindl.) Lindl., Mukdenia rossii (Oliv.) Koidz., Clematis chinensis Osbeck, Acanthopanax senticosus, Lysimachia christinac Hance, Liliumdauricum, Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.Syringa reticulate., Dioscorea nipponica Makino.Possible phytotoxicity on the plants were examined.It appeared that P.odoratum and O.patens were not significantly affected by the sprays, and therefore, could be safely co-planted with the corns on the fields treated with the herbicide for weed control.
A 55% propisochlor-atrazine-2, 4-D butylate suspoemulson, the commonly used herbicide for corn crops, was diluted with water into solutions with herbicide concentrations of 0.55%, 0.27%and 0.18%and sprayed on 10 medicinal plants including Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce var., Oreorchis patens (Lindl.) Lindl., Mukdenia rossii (Oliv.) Koidz., Clematis chinensis Osbeck, Acanthopanax senticosus, Lysimachia christinac Hance, Liliumdauricum, Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.Syringa reticulate., Dioscorea nipponica Makino.Possible phytotoxicity on the plants were examined.It appeared that P.odoratum and O.patens were not significantly affected by the sprays, and therefore, could be safely co-planted with the corns on the fields treated with the herbicide for weed control.
2014, 29(10): 1003-1009.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.10.014
Abstract:
Plot experiments were carried out in the field to determine the variation in the contents of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) , microbial biomass carbon (MBC) , readily oxidizable carbon (ROC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) in the rhizosphere soils on which different varieties of rice were planted.The results showed that the DOC, MBC, ROC and POC contents in the soil when the regular indica rice was planted ranged 68.36-97.85mg·kg-1, 292.00-434.24mg·kg-1, 4.32-6.72g·kg-1 and 21.55-32.28g·kg-1, respectively;and, when the hybrid indica rice was planted, they were 80.06-98.28mg·kg-1, 362.62-521.64mg·kg-1, 4.71-6.82g·kg-1 and 25.59-34.81g·kg-1, respectively.It appeared that, aside from the possible environmental factors, variety of the rice planted on the soil played a critical role on those differences.The underlying mechanism, which might relate to the carbon input/output as well as the carbon distribution and bio-carbon utilization of the soil-crop system, would be, therefore, of great interest to be studied.
Plot experiments were carried out in the field to determine the variation in the contents of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) , microbial biomass carbon (MBC) , readily oxidizable carbon (ROC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) in the rhizosphere soils on which different varieties of rice were planted.The results showed that the DOC, MBC, ROC and POC contents in the soil when the regular indica rice was planted ranged 68.36-97.85mg·kg-1, 292.00-434.24mg·kg-1, 4.32-6.72g·kg-1 and 21.55-32.28g·kg-1, respectively;and, when the hybrid indica rice was planted, they were 80.06-98.28mg·kg-1, 362.62-521.64mg·kg-1, 4.71-6.82g·kg-1 and 25.59-34.81g·kg-1, respectively.It appeared that, aside from the possible environmental factors, variety of the rice planted on the soil played a critical role on those differences.The underlying mechanism, which might relate to the carbon input/output as well as the carbon distribution and bio-carbon utilization of the soil-crop system, would be, therefore, of great interest to be studied.
2014, 29(10): 1010-1014.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.10.015
Abstract:
With a 30-year-old drainage ditch system in a field of cold-waterlogged soil, the ecological stoichiometry characteristics of C, N, P and enzyme activity of the soil was studied.The results showed that the total C, N (except for the 5msite) and P in the soils from the 5, 15 and 25msites (which were 5, 15 and 25m, respectively, away from the ditch) were significantly lower than those of the control (i.e., a typical cold-waterlogged soil site, which was 75 maway from the ditch) .The C/N ratio of the soil at 5, 15 and 25msites, reduced significantly by2.56, 1.03 and 0.91 units, respectively.Similarly, the enzyme activities of catalase and invertase declined by 0.3%-10.0% and 36.6%-62.5%, respectively.On the other hand, the activities of urease, phosphatase and nitrate increased 117.6%, 393.2% and 796.3%, respectively, at the 5msite.There was a significant correlation among C, N and P, as well as between the C/N ratio and the urease, phosphatase and nitrate activities.It appeared that the C/N ratio could be used as an index in evaluating the transforming effect of cold-waterlogged soils.
With a 30-year-old drainage ditch system in a field of cold-waterlogged soil, the ecological stoichiometry characteristics of C, N, P and enzyme activity of the soil was studied.The results showed that the total C, N (except for the 5msite) and P in the soils from the 5, 15 and 25msites (which were 5, 15 and 25m, respectively, away from the ditch) were significantly lower than those of the control (i.e., a typical cold-waterlogged soil site, which was 75 maway from the ditch) .The C/N ratio of the soil at 5, 15 and 25msites, reduced significantly by2.56, 1.03 and 0.91 units, respectively.Similarly, the enzyme activities of catalase and invertase declined by 0.3%-10.0% and 36.6%-62.5%, respectively.On the other hand, the activities of urease, phosphatase and nitrate increased 117.6%, 393.2% and 796.3%, respectively, at the 5msite.There was a significant correlation among C, N and P, as well as between the C/N ratio and the urease, phosphatase and nitrate activities.It appeared that the C/N ratio could be used as an index in evaluating the transforming effect of cold-waterlogged soils.
2014, 29(10): 1015-1020.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.10.016
Abstract:
To modify the physical and chemical properties of the soil and to improve the yield and quality of the tea, a field trial on two soil conditioners (i.e., humic acid and weathered coal) was conducted.The conditioners were added to the soil at a tea plantation with a balanced use of nitrogenous, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer for the previous 3years.The results showed that the weight/volume of the soil was reduced by 7.22%-15.44%;the porosity, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium of the soil increased by 8.24%-18.62%, 2.97%-18.61%, 8.86%-27.22%, 9.80%-45.10%, 6.12%-40.82%, 4.52%-40.16%, 8.81%-45.75%, 0.62%-67.55% and5.56%-36.09%, respectively;and, the yield and polyphenol content of the tea increased by 3.19%-14.24%and5.21%-10.73%, respectively.Specifically, the application of the " chemical fertilizer+humic acid+weathered coal" showed the most significant effect on increasing the yield and polyphenols of the tea and the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content in the soil.The application of the " chemical fertilizer+humic acid" appeared to be most significant in bringing about the decrease on the volume-weight and increases on the porosity, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus and potassium of the soil.And, the treatment with the "chemical fertilizer+weathered coal" was most effective in raising the pH of the soil.
To modify the physical and chemical properties of the soil and to improve the yield and quality of the tea, a field trial on two soil conditioners (i.e., humic acid and weathered coal) was conducted.The conditioners were added to the soil at a tea plantation with a balanced use of nitrogenous, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer for the previous 3years.The results showed that the weight/volume of the soil was reduced by 7.22%-15.44%;the porosity, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium of the soil increased by 8.24%-18.62%, 2.97%-18.61%, 8.86%-27.22%, 9.80%-45.10%, 6.12%-40.82%, 4.52%-40.16%, 8.81%-45.75%, 0.62%-67.55% and5.56%-36.09%, respectively;and, the yield and polyphenol content of the tea increased by 3.19%-14.24%and5.21%-10.73%, respectively.Specifically, the application of the " chemical fertilizer+humic acid+weathered coal" showed the most significant effect on increasing the yield and polyphenols of the tea and the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content in the soil.The application of the " chemical fertilizer+humic acid" appeared to be most significant in bringing about the decrease on the volume-weight and increases on the porosity, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus and potassium of the soil.And, the treatment with the "chemical fertilizer+weathered coal" was most effective in raising the pH of the soil.
2014, 29(10): 1021-1027.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.10.017
Abstract:
Toxic effect and threshold of lead (Pb) on three tobacco cultivars (i.e., Cuibi-1, K-326 and Yunyan-87) were studied using apot experiment with varying Pb additions.In general, the toxicity induced reductions on the height, leaf size and root length of the tobacco plants.However, the tobacco's sensitivity to Pb varied from cultivars to cultivars.In addition, the plants were most sensitive to the toxicity during the middle growth period, on the stems and the lower leaves.For instance, the EC10 (i.e., the available soil Pb content causing 10% reduction in tobacco mass) of different parts of Cuibi-1decreased in the order of:lower leaves<root<stem<middle leaves<upper leaves.For K-326, the order was:root<upper leaves<stem<lower leaves< middle leaves;and, for Yunyan-87, it was:upper leaves<lower leaves<stem<middle leaves.Since Cuibi-1was most sensitive to Pb of the three varieties, the EC10 for the middle leaves of Cuibi-1, 66.88 mg·kg-1, was suggested to be set as the Pb toxicity threshold for the three varieties, and for the tobacco-producing soils in Fujian in general as well.
Toxic effect and threshold of lead (Pb) on three tobacco cultivars (i.e., Cuibi-1, K-326 and Yunyan-87) were studied using apot experiment with varying Pb additions.In general, the toxicity induced reductions on the height, leaf size and root length of the tobacco plants.However, the tobacco's sensitivity to Pb varied from cultivars to cultivars.In addition, the plants were most sensitive to the toxicity during the middle growth period, on the stems and the lower leaves.For instance, the EC10 (i.e., the available soil Pb content causing 10% reduction in tobacco mass) of different parts of Cuibi-1decreased in the order of:lower leaves<root<stem<middle leaves<upper leaves.For K-326, the order was:root<upper leaves<stem<lower leaves< middle leaves;and, for Yunyan-87, it was:upper leaves<lower leaves<stem<middle leaves.Since Cuibi-1was most sensitive to Pb of the three varieties, the EC10 for the middle leaves of Cuibi-1, 66.88 mg·kg-1, was suggested to be set as the Pb toxicity threshold for the three varieties, and for the tobacco-producing soils in Fujian in general as well.
2014, 29(10): 1028-1032.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.10.018
Abstract:
In a large-scale piggery with microbial fermentation bed, 1500 pigs could be raised at the same time, which was so large that the management was very difficult.The pig population varies at body size, health condition, disease resistance, competition ability, and it is difficult to observe the pig behaviors of feeding, drinking, moving, sleeping, fighting, etc, which results in lack of pig population management for weak and ill ones.Barrier structure design for large-scale piggery with microbial fermentation bed was used for pig population management, and the pigs were gradually fed separately.The microorganism fermentation bed swine piggery was divided into eight big bar areas, 4barriers located in both sides of the microorganism fermentation bed were for the sick, weak, small and inferior pigs.The body field was divided into 4parts to gradually isolate different sizes of finishing pigs.With the design, the management ways for pigs at different growth stage varied by the barriers, which classified the healthy pigs from the sick ones, and made them fed separately.When the finishing pigs reached 75 kg, and kept healthy stably, all bar doors could be open for pigs to move freely in a larger area.The barrier design was proved to have advantages in treatment of sick pigs, rehabilitation of weak pigs and management of the pigs at the same period in the large-scale piggery of microbial fermentation bed.
In a large-scale piggery with microbial fermentation bed, 1500 pigs could be raised at the same time, which was so large that the management was very difficult.The pig population varies at body size, health condition, disease resistance, competition ability, and it is difficult to observe the pig behaviors of feeding, drinking, moving, sleeping, fighting, etc, which results in lack of pig population management for weak and ill ones.Barrier structure design for large-scale piggery with microbial fermentation bed was used for pig population management, and the pigs were gradually fed separately.The microorganism fermentation bed swine piggery was divided into eight big bar areas, 4barriers located in both sides of the microorganism fermentation bed were for the sick, weak, small and inferior pigs.The body field was divided into 4parts to gradually isolate different sizes of finishing pigs.With the design, the management ways for pigs at different growth stage varied by the barriers, which classified the healthy pigs from the sick ones, and made them fed separately.When the finishing pigs reached 75 kg, and kept healthy stably, all bar doors could be open for pigs to move freely in a larger area.The barrier design was proved to have advantages in treatment of sick pigs, rehabilitation of weak pigs and management of the pigs at the same period in the large-scale piggery of microbial fermentation bed.
2014, 29(10): 1033-1036.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.10.019
Abstract:
Wind and solar energy should be utilized in farming system to save the energy.This study applied Profili and AutoCAD to design a wind-powered water pumping system for the upland tea garden.The system, which consisted an air compressor and an atmospheric pressure pump, was evaluated.The result showed that with 4.0m·s-1 wind a 2.1-m-diameter wind-powered water pumping system could pump water 30-m-high at a rate of 1.90kg·m-1.The power generated from 3 wind-powered water pump system was calculated to be 111 kWh, which could adequately supply the irrigation need of a 100-mu tea plantation.
Wind and solar energy should be utilized in farming system to save the energy.This study applied Profili and AutoCAD to design a wind-powered water pumping system for the upland tea garden.The system, which consisted an air compressor and an atmospheric pressure pump, was evaluated.The result showed that with 4.0m·s-1 wind a 2.1-m-diameter wind-powered water pumping system could pump water 30-m-high at a rate of 1.90kg·m-1.The power generated from 3 wind-powered water pump system was calculated to be 111 kWh, which could adequately supply the irrigation need of a 100-mu tea plantation.
2014, 29(10): 1037-1044.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.10.020
Abstract:
In order to promote the development of organic agriculture in Fujian province, development pattern and management system of organic agriculture in Fujian and Taiwan were comparatively analyzed, we proposed suggestions on the strategic development orientation, development platform innovation, management entity cultivation for organic agriculture, and put forward how to innovate the organic agriculture combination of Fujian and Taiwan.
In order to promote the development of organic agriculture in Fujian province, development pattern and management system of organic agriculture in Fujian and Taiwan were comparatively analyzed, we proposed suggestions on the strategic development orientation, development platform innovation, management entity cultivation for organic agriculture, and put forward how to innovate the organic agriculture combination of Fujian and Taiwan.
2014, 29(10): 1045-1050.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.10.021
Abstract:
Nitrogen is one of the essential nutrients for tea growth?and?development.Its supply directly affects tea yield and quality.This article reviews and analyzes the current status of the nitrogen in soil at tea plantations in China, the effects of the amount, forms and ratio in NPK fertilizers of nitrogen on tea plants, as well as the N2 O emission mechanism and associated factors.Chemical nitrogen fertilizer has a significant effect on the total nitrogen content in the soil at tea plantations.Appropriate application of nitrogen could remarkably improve tea yield and nutrition quality.But, excessive applications, either too high or too low a nitrogen level, could stunt the growth.Nitrogen fertilizers, such as ammonium and ammonium-nitrogen, normally benefit the tea quality.It is generally considered adequate for tea fertilization at the rate of N 200.0-350kg·hm-2, and a N∶P∶K ratio of 2∶1∶1.Since nitrogen fertilization can significantly increase N2 O emission, its application directly affects the air quality.Consequently, in order to maximize nitrogen fertilization efficiency while minimize air pollution to the environment, appropriate managerial strategies must be implemented.
Nitrogen is one of the essential nutrients for tea growth?and?development.Its supply directly affects tea yield and quality.This article reviews and analyzes the current status of the nitrogen in soil at tea plantations in China, the effects of the amount, forms and ratio in NPK fertilizers of nitrogen on tea plants, as well as the N2 O emission mechanism and associated factors.Chemical nitrogen fertilizer has a significant effect on the total nitrogen content in the soil at tea plantations.Appropriate application of nitrogen could remarkably improve tea yield and nutrition quality.But, excessive applications, either too high or too low a nitrogen level, could stunt the growth.Nitrogen fertilizers, such as ammonium and ammonium-nitrogen, normally benefit the tea quality.It is generally considered adequate for tea fertilization at the rate of N 200.0-350kg·hm-2, and a N∶P∶K ratio of 2∶1∶1.Since nitrogen fertilization can significantly increase N2 O emission, its application directly affects the air quality.Consequently, in order to maximize nitrogen fertilization efficiency while minimize air pollution to the environment, appropriate managerial strategies must be implemented.
