2013 Vol. 28, No. 8
Display Method:
2013, 28(8): 727-730.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.08.001
Abstract:
Digestive tube index and the activity distribution of pepsin and trypsin In NEW GIFT Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were studied.It was found that Oreochromis niloticus had intestinal length (IL) /total length (TL) of 4.921 ± 0.187, intestinal weight (IW) /body weight (BW) of 0.018 ± 0.002, and hepatopancreas weight (HW) /BW of 0.014±0.003, splanchnic weight (SW) /BW of 0.039±0.007.The result showed that Oreochromis niloticus was a kind of heterophagous fish with partial phytophagy food habit.After starvation and refeeding, Pepsin activity increased to a maximum of 167.872Uat 12h.However, it reduced from12hto 96h;especially 12hto 24h, the decrease rate was significant.Trypsin activities of hepatopancreas, foregut, midgut and hindgut were tested.The specific activity of trypsin in four organs was in the order of hepatopancreas<midgut<foregut<hindgut.The Trypsin activities in four parts increased up to a maximum during the first stage, then decreased smoothly.trypsin activity of each tissues was significant difference (P<0.05) 。
Digestive tube index and the activity distribution of pepsin and trypsin In NEW GIFT Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were studied.It was found that Oreochromis niloticus had intestinal length (IL) /total length (TL) of 4.921 ± 0.187, intestinal weight (IW) /body weight (BW) of 0.018 ± 0.002, and hepatopancreas weight (HW) /BW of 0.014±0.003, splanchnic weight (SW) /BW of 0.039±0.007.The result showed that Oreochromis niloticus was a kind of heterophagous fish with partial phytophagy food habit.After starvation and refeeding, Pepsin activity increased to a maximum of 167.872Uat 12h.However, it reduced from12hto 96h;especially 12hto 24h, the decrease rate was significant.Trypsin activities of hepatopancreas, foregut, midgut and hindgut were tested.The specific activity of trypsin in four organs was in the order of hepatopancreas<midgut<foregut<hindgut.The Trypsin activities in four parts increased up to a maximum during the first stage, then decreased smoothly.trypsin activity of each tissues was significant difference (P<0.05) 。
2013, 28(8): 731-735.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.08.002
Abstract:
This article has firstly reported the life cycle of Cyathocotyle caecumalis sp.nov and confirmed that Parafossarulus striatulus and Misgurnus auguillicaudatus served as the first and second intermediate host of C.caecumalis sp.nov, respectively.At room temperature of 20-28℃, miracidiia hatched from eggs after 21days of incubation and developed into sporocyst in the snail host, It was found that cercaria emerged from the snail host after 62days.Metacercariae may encysted on the surface or within the muscle of loach 10days later.Ducks infected with metacerariae orally ovulated the mature eggs in the feces 3days later.The total life cycle of C.caecumalis sp.nov lasted 96days.
This article has firstly reported the life cycle of Cyathocotyle caecumalis sp.nov and confirmed that Parafossarulus striatulus and Misgurnus auguillicaudatus served as the first and second intermediate host of C.caecumalis sp.nov, respectively.At room temperature of 20-28℃, miracidiia hatched from eggs after 21days of incubation and developed into sporocyst in the snail host, It was found that cercaria emerged from the snail host after 62days.Metacercariae may encysted on the surface or within the muscle of loach 10days later.Ducks infected with metacerariae orally ovulated the mature eggs in the feces 3days later.The total life cycle of C.caecumalis sp.nov lasted 96days.
2013, 28(8): 736-741.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.08.003
Abstract:
In this study, the growth performance and egg quality of different generations of six duck populations from National Waterfowl Species Gene Bank (Fujian) were compared and analyzed.The results indicated that weight of different age, 300-day-old body size, laying performance and egg quality had no significant difference among different generations of the six duck populations (P>0.05) , and all the results met the national standard and the descriptions of Animal Genetic Resources.The conclusion showed that genetic diversity of waterfowl germplasm resources coubl effectively be preserved by the“family equimultiple random select cross method”in small closed population, which benefitted for enrichment and improvement of the theory and technology of waterfowl conservation.
In this study, the growth performance and egg quality of different generations of six duck populations from National Waterfowl Species Gene Bank (Fujian) were compared and analyzed.The results indicated that weight of different age, 300-day-old body size, laying performance and egg quality had no significant difference among different generations of the six duck populations (P>0.05) , and all the results met the national standard and the descriptions of Animal Genetic Resources.The conclusion showed that genetic diversity of waterfowl germplasm resources coubl effectively be preserved by the“family equimultiple random select cross method”in small closed population, which benefitted for enrichment and improvement of the theory and technology of waterfowl conservation.
2013, 28(8): 742-746.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.08.004
Abstract:
The combining ability and heritability of hybrid rice parents, were estimated to provide an important theoretic foundation for breeding of hybrid rice parents and combinations.Five indica sterile lines were crossed with five indica restoring lines by incomplete dialle cross design.The six main agronomic traits of their F1 were analyzed to estimate their combining ability and heritability of hybrid rice parents.The results showed that plant height, effective panicle, grain number per panicle, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight and yield per plant were affected by the additive effect mainly.There was no significant corresponding relationship between general combining ability and specific combining ability of different characters of hybrid rice parents.The effect of the male parent on effective panicle, grain number per panicle, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight and yield per plant was higher than that of the female parent, while the effect of the female parent on plant height was higher than that of the male parent.Narrow heritability of the six main agronomic traits was 1000-grain weight>plant height>seed setting rate>grain number per panicle>effective panicle> yield per plant.
The combining ability and heritability of hybrid rice parents, were estimated to provide an important theoretic foundation for breeding of hybrid rice parents and combinations.Five indica sterile lines were crossed with five indica restoring lines by incomplete dialle cross design.The six main agronomic traits of their F1 were analyzed to estimate their combining ability and heritability of hybrid rice parents.The results showed that plant height, effective panicle, grain number per panicle, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight and yield per plant were affected by the additive effect mainly.There was no significant corresponding relationship between general combining ability and specific combining ability of different characters of hybrid rice parents.The effect of the male parent on effective panicle, grain number per panicle, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight and yield per plant was higher than that of the female parent, while the effect of the female parent on plant height was higher than that of the male parent.Narrow heritability of the six main agronomic traits was 1000-grain weight>plant height>seed setting rate>grain number per panicle>effective panicle> yield per plant.
2013, 28(8): 747-751.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.08.005
Abstract:
The rice qualities of the combination Yiyou673harvested in late-season from 12different planting areas were analyzed and the influence of temperature factors including average temperature, extreme maximum temperature, extreme minimum temperature, and daily range of temperature and so on to physico-chemical properties was explored.The results showed that chalkiness score was the most significantly different, chalky rice rate was the second significantly different, transparence and head milled rice rate were the third significantly different, alkali spreading value and del consistency and amylose content were less significantly different, brown rice rate and polished rice rate were the least significantly different for the variety Yiyou673harvested from different areas.The results also indicated that the correlationship between extreme maximum temperature and chalky rice rate, chalkiness rate was positive, and the same as extreme minimum temperature during grouting period.But the correlation between extreme minimum temperature and chalky rice rate, chalkiness rate was negative.Chalky rice rate and chalkiness rate were increased gradually with the ascended of daily range and extreme maximum temperature, and the reduced of extreme minimum temperature.The quality indexes of Yiyou 673harvested from Fuzhou, Putian and Zhaoan achieved high quality standard.But one or two quality indexes of Yiyou 673harvested from the other sites did not achieve high quality standard.The best qualities and commercial qualities of the variety Youyi673 sowed in the South-East coastal areas of Fujian in late-season could be achieved.
The rice qualities of the combination Yiyou673harvested in late-season from 12different planting areas were analyzed and the influence of temperature factors including average temperature, extreme maximum temperature, extreme minimum temperature, and daily range of temperature and so on to physico-chemical properties was explored.The results showed that chalkiness score was the most significantly different, chalky rice rate was the second significantly different, transparence and head milled rice rate were the third significantly different, alkali spreading value and del consistency and amylose content were less significantly different, brown rice rate and polished rice rate were the least significantly different for the variety Yiyou673harvested from different areas.The results also indicated that the correlationship between extreme maximum temperature and chalky rice rate, chalkiness rate was positive, and the same as extreme minimum temperature during grouting period.But the correlation between extreme minimum temperature and chalky rice rate, chalkiness rate was negative.Chalky rice rate and chalkiness rate were increased gradually with the ascended of daily range and extreme maximum temperature, and the reduced of extreme minimum temperature.The quality indexes of Yiyou 673harvested from Fuzhou, Putian and Zhaoan achieved high quality standard.But one or two quality indexes of Yiyou 673harvested from the other sites did not achieve high quality standard.The best qualities and commercial qualities of the variety Youyi673 sowed in the South-East coastal areas of Fujian in late-season could be achieved.
2013, 28(8): 752-757.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.08.006
Abstract:
At varied nitrogen levels, apot experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen on the contents of chlorophyll, invertase, soluble sugar, reducing sugar and starch, as well as the quality of the tobacco leaves for flue-curing.The results showed that the invertase and amylase activities at the mid-and late-tobacco growth stages increased with appropriate application of potassium, which also benefited the transition of nitrogen to carbon metabolism at the right time period.After 30and 55ds of transplantation, the contents of total soluble sugar, reducing sugar and starch in the tobacco leaves decreased with increasing potassium fertilization at the early stage of tobacco.They increased with the increased application of potassium at the mid-and late-stages after 75ds of the transplanting, suggesting the application of potassium would be better for carbon accumulation at the late, not the early stage of tobacco growth.When nitrogen supply was insufficient, the growth of tobacco was slow, the photosynthetic pigments low, and the leaf color yellowish.When excess nitrogen was present, the tobacco grew vigorously and delayed the normal leaf-falling.Under the experimental conditions, the optimal levels of nitrogen for the paddy field soil (available nitrogen 184.31mg·kg-1) , the yellow mud field soil (available nitrogen 127.27mg·kg-1) , and the tidal field soil (available nitrogen 105.45mg·kg-1) were 0.90g·pot-1, 1.35-1.90g·pot-1, and 1.90g·pot-1, respectively, which resulted in the highest yield and the most balanced and desirable quality for the tobacco.
At varied nitrogen levels, apot experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen on the contents of chlorophyll, invertase, soluble sugar, reducing sugar and starch, as well as the quality of the tobacco leaves for flue-curing.The results showed that the invertase and amylase activities at the mid-and late-tobacco growth stages increased with appropriate application of potassium, which also benefited the transition of nitrogen to carbon metabolism at the right time period.After 30and 55ds of transplantation, the contents of total soluble sugar, reducing sugar and starch in the tobacco leaves decreased with increasing potassium fertilization at the early stage of tobacco.They increased with the increased application of potassium at the mid-and late-stages after 75ds of the transplanting, suggesting the application of potassium would be better for carbon accumulation at the late, not the early stage of tobacco growth.When nitrogen supply was insufficient, the growth of tobacco was slow, the photosynthetic pigments low, and the leaf color yellowish.When excess nitrogen was present, the tobacco grew vigorously and delayed the normal leaf-falling.Under the experimental conditions, the optimal levels of nitrogen for the paddy field soil (available nitrogen 184.31mg·kg-1) , the yellow mud field soil (available nitrogen 127.27mg·kg-1) , and the tidal field soil (available nitrogen 105.45mg·kg-1) were 0.90g·pot-1, 1.35-1.90g·pot-1, and 1.90g·pot-1, respectively, which resulted in the highest yield and the most balanced and desirable quality for the tobacco.
2013, 28(8): 758-762.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.08.007
Abstract:
The correlation of various amino acids with the contents of total amino acid and protein in soybean seeds were studied using two high-protein content varieties vs.two normal protein content varieties.The soybean yields of four varieties were similar and stable from different years.The results showed that the correlation between total amino acid content and protein content was positive.Among 17amino acids, 13of them were positively correlated with the content of total amino acids, only alanine showed negative, and aspartic acid, cysteine and histamine were not significantly associated with total amino acid content.However, the 12of 17amino acids were not correlated with protein content significantly.There was no significant relationship indicated between the contents of two sulfur-containing amino acids (cysteine and methionine) .In addition, the content of cysteine showed no correlation with any other amino acids and the content of methionine was correlative only to six amino acids positively.The results suggest that the content of amino acids and their composition may not be main impact factor been looking for to improve high sulfur-containing amino acids in soybean seeds through the breeding approaches.
The correlation of various amino acids with the contents of total amino acid and protein in soybean seeds were studied using two high-protein content varieties vs.two normal protein content varieties.The soybean yields of four varieties were similar and stable from different years.The results showed that the correlation between total amino acid content and protein content was positive.Among 17amino acids, 13of them were positively correlated with the content of total amino acids, only alanine showed negative, and aspartic acid, cysteine and histamine were not significantly associated with total amino acid content.However, the 12of 17amino acids were not correlated with protein content significantly.There was no significant relationship indicated between the contents of two sulfur-containing amino acids (cysteine and methionine) .In addition, the content of cysteine showed no correlation with any other amino acids and the content of methionine was correlative only to six amino acids positively.The results suggest that the content of amino acids and their composition may not be main impact factor been looking for to improve high sulfur-containing amino acids in soybean seeds through the breeding approaches.
2013, 28(8): 763-769.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.08.008
Abstract:
Culture medium and conditions for the fermentation of Agaricus bisporus strain W192 were optimized using the respond surface method.Determined by a single factor test, the optimal carbon source for the mycelial development was cornstarch;the nitrogen source, soymeal;and, the inorganic salts, K2HPO4and MgSO4·7H2O.The fermentation was best carried out in a liquid medium with an initial pH of 6.5in a flask held at 25℃and shaken constantly at 180r·min-1 for 7days.Using the Plackett-Burman design, the conditions for the A.bisporus mycelium biomass culture were evaluated.Cornstarch, soymeal and flask-shaking speed were found to be the most prominent factors that affected the fermentation.Through the respond surface analysis, a regression equation was obtained, and the fermentation conditions optimized as cornstarch at 43.67g·L-1, soymeal at 13.78g·L-1, K2HPO4at 3.0g·L-1, MgSO4·7H2O at 1.0g·L-1, incubation at 25℃, flask-shaking at 200r·min-1, medium initial pH at 6.5, and fermentation for 7days.The resultant A.bisporus mycelium biomass reached a concentration of 2.58g per 100mL, which was 2.35times higher than the orginal conditions.
Culture medium and conditions for the fermentation of Agaricus bisporus strain W192 were optimized using the respond surface method.Determined by a single factor test, the optimal carbon source for the mycelial development was cornstarch;the nitrogen source, soymeal;and, the inorganic salts, K2HPO4and MgSO4·7H2O.The fermentation was best carried out in a liquid medium with an initial pH of 6.5in a flask held at 25℃and shaken constantly at 180r·min-1 for 7days.Using the Plackett-Burman design, the conditions for the A.bisporus mycelium biomass culture were evaluated.Cornstarch, soymeal and flask-shaking speed were found to be the most prominent factors that affected the fermentation.Through the respond surface analysis, a regression equation was obtained, and the fermentation conditions optimized as cornstarch at 43.67g·L-1, soymeal at 13.78g·L-1, K2HPO4at 3.0g·L-1, MgSO4·7H2O at 1.0g·L-1, incubation at 25℃, flask-shaking at 200r·min-1, medium initial pH at 6.5, and fermentation for 7days.The resultant A.bisporus mycelium biomass reached a concentration of 2.58g per 100mL, which was 2.35times higher than the orginal conditions.
2013, 28(8): 770-775.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.08.009
Abstract:
CaCl2solution of different concentrattion were sprayed on the leaves of potted Eriobotryajaponica seedlings, the effects were verified by the calcium pyroantimonate precipitation method.Then, the seedlings were artificially treated at-3℃for 1.5h, and the cold resistance-relating physiological indices of the leaf tissues were measured.The results showed that CaCl2solutions of 0.05-50mmol·L-1 could all managed to decrease the MDA contents and to increase the SOD, POD, CAT and APX activities.The SOD activity of the control group was significantly elevated by 26.70% by using 10mmol·L-1 CaCl2solution.Although the APX activity of the control was maximally increased by 6.392% via 25 mmol·L-1 CaCl2solution, the upgrowth was still not significant.Thus, spraying appropriate CaCl2solution besides water in orchards prior to cold-air outbreaks was conducive to augmenting the cold-resistance indices of Eriobotryajaponica seedlings, thereby minimizing the low-temperature damages.
CaCl2solution of different concentrattion were sprayed on the leaves of potted Eriobotryajaponica seedlings, the effects were verified by the calcium pyroantimonate precipitation method.Then, the seedlings were artificially treated at-3℃for 1.5h, and the cold resistance-relating physiological indices of the leaf tissues were measured.The results showed that CaCl2solutions of 0.05-50mmol·L-1 could all managed to decrease the MDA contents and to increase the SOD, POD, CAT and APX activities.The SOD activity of the control group was significantly elevated by 26.70% by using 10mmol·L-1 CaCl2solution.Although the APX activity of the control was maximally increased by 6.392% via 25 mmol·L-1 CaCl2solution, the upgrowth was still not significant.Thus, spraying appropriate CaCl2solution besides water in orchards prior to cold-air outbreaks was conducive to augmenting the cold-resistance indices of Eriobotryajaponica seedlings, thereby minimizing the low-temperature damages.
2013, 28(8): 776-779.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.08.010
Abstract:
Cultivars of the abortive-seeded longans, Minjiao 64-2and Baihe, and the large-seeded Jiuyuewu were used for the experimentation.The effects of time, light, and sucrose and boric acid concentrations on the pollen viability were determined by the seed′s in vitro germination, and the stigma receptivity, by the method of benzidine-hydrogen peroxide.The results showed that the pollen viability of the 3cultivars changed with time, and those of Minjiao 64-2and Baihe were lower than that of Jiuyuewu.Light exposure significantly increased the germination rate for Minjiao64-2, but not for Baihe or Jiuyuewu.The suitable sugar content ranged 5%-10%for all three varieties.And, the adequate boric acid content was 50-100mg·L-1 for Minjiao 64-2, 50-200mg·L-1 for Baihe, and 100-200mg·L-1 for Jiuyuewu.The stigmas of the 3cultivars appeared to be receptive from the first to the fifth day after blooming.
Cultivars of the abortive-seeded longans, Minjiao 64-2and Baihe, and the large-seeded Jiuyuewu were used for the experimentation.The effects of time, light, and sucrose and boric acid concentrations on the pollen viability were determined by the seed′s in vitro germination, and the stigma receptivity, by the method of benzidine-hydrogen peroxide.The results showed that the pollen viability of the 3cultivars changed with time, and those of Minjiao 64-2and Baihe were lower than that of Jiuyuewu.Light exposure significantly increased the germination rate for Minjiao64-2, but not for Baihe or Jiuyuewu.The suitable sugar content ranged 5%-10%for all three varieties.And, the adequate boric acid content was 50-100mg·L-1 for Minjiao 64-2, 50-200mg·L-1 for Baihe, and 100-200mg·L-1 for Jiuyuewu.The stigmas of the 3cultivars appeared to be receptive from the first to the fifth day after blooming.
2013, 28(8): 780-783.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.08.011
Abstract:
Top-grafting pears with resistant varieties to prevent early defoliation and germination of the flower buds was studied.Three cultivars were chosen to graft onto limbs and branches of Cuiguan pear.The grafting postponed the leaf-falling 30-50cm below the insertion point for 10-15days.It also inhibited early germination of the flower buds located 80-100cm below the insertion.Additionally, the number of flowers, fruiting rate and single plant yield of the pear a year after the top-grafting were all significantly more than the control.It was concluded that the top-grafting with the resistant varieties could be a means applied to deter the early defoliation and flower bud germinating for the pears.
Top-grafting pears with resistant varieties to prevent early defoliation and germination of the flower buds was studied.Three cultivars were chosen to graft onto limbs and branches of Cuiguan pear.The grafting postponed the leaf-falling 30-50cm below the insertion point for 10-15days.It also inhibited early germination of the flower buds located 80-100cm below the insertion.Additionally, the number of flowers, fruiting rate and single plant yield of the pear a year after the top-grafting were all significantly more than the control.It was concluded that the top-grafting with the resistant varieties could be a means applied to deter the early defoliation and flower bud germinating for the pears.
2013, 28(8): 784-788.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.08.012
Abstract:
Effect of planting density on the growth and yield of chamomile sm-8, Matricaria chamomilla L., was studied under the greenhouse conditions.The results indicated that the planting density significantly affected the growth and yield of the plants, but not on the flowering habit or the essential oil content of the dried flowers.As the density increased, the plant height decreased;the dry matter accumulation per unit area increased;and, the fresh flower yield increased initially and followed by a decline.This study found the optimum planting density for chamolmile to be 47 600plants·hm-2.At this density, high quality fresh flowers with a yield of 4 726kg·hm-2and an essential oil content of 0.400%could be obtained.
Effect of planting density on the growth and yield of chamomile sm-8, Matricaria chamomilla L., was studied under the greenhouse conditions.The results indicated that the planting density significantly affected the growth and yield of the plants, but not on the flowering habit or the essential oil content of the dried flowers.As the density increased, the plant height decreased;the dry matter accumulation per unit area increased;and, the fresh flower yield increased initially and followed by a decline.This study found the optimum planting density for chamolmile to be 47 600plants·hm-2.At this density, high quality fresh flowers with a yield of 4 726kg·hm-2and an essential oil content of 0.400%could be obtained.
2013, 28(8): 789-795.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.08.013
Abstract:
Microbial communities in the soil of the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere of Averrhoa carambola Linn cv.Taiwan soft-branch carambola were compared by microorganism-culturing and the application of the phospholipids fatty acids biomarkers (PLFAs) .Correlation and soil chemistry were also studied.Significantly more cultural fungi and actinomycetes as well as PLFA 10Me17∶0related to actinomycetes were found in the rhizospheric than in the non-rhizosphere soil of a same layer.The quantities of PLFAs 16∶0related to bacteria, 18∶1ω9crelated to fungi and 10Me17∶0related to actinomycetes were significantly higher in the upper-than in deep-layer of the soil.The quantities of organic matters significantly correlated with the 23PLFAs biomarkers, including 16∶0, 18∶1ω9cand10Me17∶0.Total nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus significantly correlated with the 18-20PLFAs biomarkers.Only a few PLFAs biomarkers showed significant correlation to the soil pH or water content of the soils.
Microbial communities in the soil of the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere of Averrhoa carambola Linn cv.Taiwan soft-branch carambola were compared by microorganism-culturing and the application of the phospholipids fatty acids biomarkers (PLFAs) .Correlation and soil chemistry were also studied.Significantly more cultural fungi and actinomycetes as well as PLFA 10Me17∶0related to actinomycetes were found in the rhizospheric than in the non-rhizosphere soil of a same layer.The quantities of PLFAs 16∶0related to bacteria, 18∶1ω9crelated to fungi and 10Me17∶0related to actinomycetes were significantly higher in the upper-than in deep-layer of the soil.The quantities of organic matters significantly correlated with the 23PLFAs biomarkers, including 16∶0, 18∶1ω9cand10Me17∶0.Total nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus significantly correlated with the 18-20PLFAs biomarkers.Only a few PLFAs biomarkers showed significant correlation to the soil pH or water content of the soils.
2013, 28(8): 796-801.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.08.014
Abstract:
By turning over the straws of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) after rice harvest to the paddy fields in Fujian in three consecutive years, the effects of the organic farming practice on the soil fertility and rice productivity were studied.The result showed that, as compared with the control, the organic matters in the soil increased by 15.8% on average when the straws were turned over at a rate of approximately 22 500kg·hm-2 per year.And, the bulk density of the soil declined by 8.7%.Both of the above reached significant difference.Furthermore, the total N, P, K, effective P and available K in the soil increased by 18.4%, 16.7%, 9.5%, 19.7%and 70.5%, respectively.In comparison with the chemical fertilization, a significant 6.8%increase on the rice output from the straw-turnover was realized from the gains in panicle and grains per panicle.Consequently, the practice could be promoted in the province to benefit the fertility of the soil as well as the productivity of the rice.
By turning over the straws of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) after rice harvest to the paddy fields in Fujian in three consecutive years, the effects of the organic farming practice on the soil fertility and rice productivity were studied.The result showed that, as compared with the control, the organic matters in the soil increased by 15.8% on average when the straws were turned over at a rate of approximately 22 500kg·hm-2 per year.And, the bulk density of the soil declined by 8.7%.Both of the above reached significant difference.Furthermore, the total N, P, K, effective P and available K in the soil increased by 18.4%, 16.7%, 9.5%, 19.7%and 70.5%, respectively.In comparison with the chemical fertilization, a significant 6.8%increase on the rice output from the straw-turnover was realized from the gains in panicle and grains per panicle.Consequently, the practice could be promoted in the province to benefit the fertility of the soil as well as the productivity of the rice.
2013, 28(8): 802-806.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.08.015
Abstract:
Field tests were conducted on the typical cold-waterlogged paddy fields (CWPF) developed from different landforms in Minhou, Fujian to study the effect of fertilization on rice productivity, as well as the differences among the paddy fields.The results showed that the rice yield increased with fertilization by 76.5%for the CWPF in the mountain ridge area, 57.6% for the yellow paddy field in the mountain ridge area, 59.0% for CWPF in the flat paddy area, and 43.5% for the grey paddy field in the flat area, as compared to the control.The rate of contribution to the productivity by the soil in CWPF was 6.8-7.0percentage points lower than that of the noncold-waterlogged paddy fields (NCWPF) .But the fertilizer agronomy efficiency of CWPF was 0.1-3.2kg grain per kg fertilizer higher than that of the NCWPF.The grain yield increase due to fertilization of CWPF was 15.5-18.9percentage points higher than that of NCWPF.With or without fertilization, the nutritional content of the grains harvested from CWPF was higher than that of NCWPF.The contribution rate of CWPF soil was lower than that of the soils from NCWPF.However, the effect of fertilization was significantly greater on CWPF than NCWPF.And, fertilization was more likely to increase the production on CWPF than NCWPF.The sensitivity of CWPF in the mountain ridge area to the fertilization was better than that of NCWPF in the flat paddy area.
Field tests were conducted on the typical cold-waterlogged paddy fields (CWPF) developed from different landforms in Minhou, Fujian to study the effect of fertilization on rice productivity, as well as the differences among the paddy fields.The results showed that the rice yield increased with fertilization by 76.5%for the CWPF in the mountain ridge area, 57.6% for the yellow paddy field in the mountain ridge area, 59.0% for CWPF in the flat paddy area, and 43.5% for the grey paddy field in the flat area, as compared to the control.The rate of contribution to the productivity by the soil in CWPF was 6.8-7.0percentage points lower than that of the noncold-waterlogged paddy fields (NCWPF) .But the fertilizer agronomy efficiency of CWPF was 0.1-3.2kg grain per kg fertilizer higher than that of the NCWPF.The grain yield increase due to fertilization of CWPF was 15.5-18.9percentage points higher than that of NCWPF.With or without fertilization, the nutritional content of the grains harvested from CWPF was higher than that of NCWPF.The contribution rate of CWPF soil was lower than that of the soils from NCWPF.However, the effect of fertilization was significantly greater on CWPF than NCWPF.And, fertilization was more likely to increase the production on CWPF than NCWPF.The sensitivity of CWPF in the mountain ridge area to the fertilization was better than that of NCWPF in the flat paddy area.
2013, 28(8): 807-811.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.08.016
Abstract:
The pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana strain XJBb3005on the adult of Myllocerinus aurolineatus was evaluated by using the adult immersion assay.The results showed that the mortality of M.aurolineatus increased with the concentration of the conidia and immersion time, and 100% mortality is caused by the applying of 108conidia/mL on day 7.A time-dose-mortality model was employed to analyze the bioassay data and the model fitted the data well, resulting in parameters for estimating the time and dose effects.The estimated LC50and LC90value were 4.86×104and 4.26×106 conidia/mL on day 7, respectively.At the immersion concentrations of 1.0×108, 1.0×107, 1.0×106, 1.0×105 and 1.0×104conidia/mL, the estimated LT50values were 3.97, 4.45, 5.01, 6.49and 7.87d, respectively;the LT90values were 4.98, 6.48and 7.84dat concentrations of 1.0×108, 1.0×107 and1.0×106 conidias/mL, respectively.These results suggest that B.bassiana XJBb3005is benefit for the biological control of M.aurolineatus.
The pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana strain XJBb3005on the adult of Myllocerinus aurolineatus was evaluated by using the adult immersion assay.The results showed that the mortality of M.aurolineatus increased with the concentration of the conidia and immersion time, and 100% mortality is caused by the applying of 108conidia/mL on day 7.A time-dose-mortality model was employed to analyze the bioassay data and the model fitted the data well, resulting in parameters for estimating the time and dose effects.The estimated LC50and LC90value were 4.86×104and 4.26×106 conidia/mL on day 7, respectively.At the immersion concentrations of 1.0×108, 1.0×107, 1.0×106, 1.0×105 and 1.0×104conidia/mL, the estimated LT50values were 3.97, 4.45, 5.01, 6.49and 7.87d, respectively;the LT90values were 4.98, 6.48and 7.84dat concentrations of 1.0×108, 1.0×107 and1.0×106 conidias/mL, respectively.These results suggest that B.bassiana XJBb3005is benefit for the biological control of M.aurolineatus.
Effects of Different Fungicide Combinations on the Control of Potato Late Blight and Yield of Potato
2013, 28(8): 812-816.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.08.017
Abstract:
The effects of three fungicide combinations on the control of the susceptible potato cultivars/varieties Favorite were investigated, including Metalaxyl-M mancozeb (68% WG) , Antracol propineb (70% WP) and Oxadixyl mancozeb (64% WP) .Our results showed that the controlling effect of the combination of two or three fungicides is better than a single one.After the alternative application of Metalaxyl-M mancozeb (68% WG) and Antracol propineb (70% WP) , Antracol propineb (70% WP) and Oxadixyl mancozeb (64% WP) , Metalaxyl-M mancozeb (68% WG) and Oxadixyl mancozeb (64% WP) for four times, the control effects were reached 65.96%, 61.70%and 60.34% and the yields were increased by 61.74%, 60.07% and 52.01% respectively.Our results suggest that alternately application of fungicids will be benefit for the control of late blight.
The effects of three fungicide combinations on the control of the susceptible potato cultivars/varieties Favorite were investigated, including Metalaxyl-M mancozeb (68% WG) , Antracol propineb (70% WP) and Oxadixyl mancozeb (64% WP) .Our results showed that the controlling effect of the combination of two or three fungicides is better than a single one.After the alternative application of Metalaxyl-M mancozeb (68% WG) and Antracol propineb (70% WP) , Antracol propineb (70% WP) and Oxadixyl mancozeb (64% WP) , Metalaxyl-M mancozeb (68% WG) and Oxadixyl mancozeb (64% WP) for four times, the control effects were reached 65.96%, 61.70%and 60.34% and the yields were increased by 61.74%, 60.07% and 52.01% respectively.Our results suggest that alternately application of fungicids will be benefit for the control of late blight.
2013, 28(8): 817-822.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.08.018
Abstract:
The effects of medium compositions and culture conditions in Monascus liquid culture were studied on the production and the ratio of Monacolin K and Lovastatin.The optimal temperature-shift cultivation was 2days culture at 30℃followed with 7days at 26℃to increase the production of acid form Monacolin K.By this culture conditions, the proportion of acid form Monacolin K in total Monascus products reached to 87% and it was 2.63times of the ratio produced with constant temperature cultivation at 26℃.Comparing with basic culture medium, additional 8% xylose, 3% peptone, 0.2% NaNO3, 0.2% KH2PO4and 0.35% MgSO4added into the basic medium was the optimal composition that produced the highest amount of Lovastatin compounds with the culture conditions in 6%inoculums size, 160rmin-1 rotate speed at the optimal temperature-shift cultivation.The ratio of acid form Monacolin K was 18times of it produced by the basic medium.
The effects of medium compositions and culture conditions in Monascus liquid culture were studied on the production and the ratio of Monacolin K and Lovastatin.The optimal temperature-shift cultivation was 2days culture at 30℃followed with 7days at 26℃to increase the production of acid form Monacolin K.By this culture conditions, the proportion of acid form Monacolin K in total Monascus products reached to 87% and it was 2.63times of the ratio produced with constant temperature cultivation at 26℃.Comparing with basic culture medium, additional 8% xylose, 3% peptone, 0.2% NaNO3, 0.2% KH2PO4and 0.35% MgSO4added into the basic medium was the optimal composition that produced the highest amount of Lovastatin compounds with the culture conditions in 6%inoculums size, 160rmin-1 rotate speed at the optimal temperature-shift cultivation.The ratio of acid form Monacolin K was 18times of it produced by the basic medium.
2013, 28(8): 823-827.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.08.019
Abstract:
Fujian, as one of the four provinces included in the west coast economic zone, is relatively week in total economic output and scientific innovation, which limits Fujian′s leading role in promotion of science and technology cooperation.Therefore, it is critical for Fujian to fully utilize national supporting policies, excavate potential in cooperation with Taiwan, develop Fujian′s advantage and avoid the disadvantage, and study on more effective developing mechanism and policy in order to estimate the subject position in the science and technology cooperation of west coast economic zone of Taiwan Straits.
Fujian, as one of the four provinces included in the west coast economic zone, is relatively week in total economic output and scientific innovation, which limits Fujian′s leading role in promotion of science and technology cooperation.Therefore, it is critical for Fujian to fully utilize national supporting policies, excavate potential in cooperation with Taiwan, develop Fujian′s advantage and avoid the disadvantage, and study on more effective developing mechanism and policy in order to estimate the subject position in the science and technology cooperation of west coast economic zone of Taiwan Straits.
2013, 28(8): 828-831.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.08.020
Abstract:
The DNA fingerprints of xincui bitter gourd and its parents were analyzed by RAPD to obtain the genes differentially expressed.1out of the 120screened primers could amplify the characteristic polymorphic bands of F1generation with its female parent after repeated experiments.With the only one primer possessing high stability and repeatability, 6000individuals of Xincui bitter gourd from Hexi Corridor in Gansu province were identified, and our results ensured the promotion to Xincui bitter gourd, effectively.
The DNA fingerprints of xincui bitter gourd and its parents were analyzed by RAPD to obtain the genes differentially expressed.1out of the 120screened primers could amplify the characteristic polymorphic bands of F1generation with its female parent after repeated experiments.With the only one primer possessing high stability and repeatability, 6000individuals of Xincui bitter gourd from Hexi Corridor in Gansu province were identified, and our results ensured the promotion to Xincui bitter gourd, effectively.
