2013 Vol. 28, No. 10
Display Method:
Different Pathogenicity of Duck Hepatitis A Virus 1 Between Pancreatitis-type and Classical Duckling
2013, 28(10): 939-942.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.10.001
Abstract:
A duck hepatitis A virus 1 (DHAV-1) , designated pancreatitis-type DHAV-1, has been isolated from Muscovy ducklings with yellow or hemorrhagic pancreas.To elucidate different pathogenicity of DHAV-1infection between pancreatitis-type and classical ducklings, Muscovy duck, mallard duck, Cherry valley duck and Maya duck, raised for 7, 14, 21, 28and 35drespectively, were inoculated with pancreatitis-type and classical DHAV-1.The results showed that Muscovy duck was the most sensitive to pancreatitis-type DHAV-1, followed by mallard duck and Cherry valley duck, and the Maya duck was the lowest.However, Cherry valley duck was the most sensitive to classical DHAV-1, followed by Muscovy ducks.Hemorrhagic and yellow pancreas was detected in Muscovy duckling and mallard duckling infected with pancreatitis-type DHAV-1, but no hemorrhage in liver.The above indicated that there were obviously different pathogenicity between pancreatitis-type and classical DHAV-1in sensitive host, and gross lesions.
A duck hepatitis A virus 1 (DHAV-1) , designated pancreatitis-type DHAV-1, has been isolated from Muscovy ducklings with yellow or hemorrhagic pancreas.To elucidate different pathogenicity of DHAV-1infection between pancreatitis-type and classical ducklings, Muscovy duck, mallard duck, Cherry valley duck and Maya duck, raised for 7, 14, 21, 28and 35drespectively, were inoculated with pancreatitis-type and classical DHAV-1.The results showed that Muscovy duck was the most sensitive to pancreatitis-type DHAV-1, followed by mallard duck and Cherry valley duck, and the Maya duck was the lowest.However, Cherry valley duck was the most sensitive to classical DHAV-1, followed by Muscovy ducks.Hemorrhagic and yellow pancreas was detected in Muscovy duckling and mallard duckling infected with pancreatitis-type DHAV-1, but no hemorrhage in liver.The above indicated that there were obviously different pathogenicity between pancreatitis-type and classical DHAV-1in sensitive host, and gross lesions.
2013, 28(10): 943-946.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.10.002
Abstract:
Randomly selected healthy Xingguo grey geese with a male to female ratio of 1to 5were divided into two groups.The treatment group was exposed to artificial light, and the control under natural conditions.The pituitary, hypothalamus, ovary and oviduct were collected from the geese for tests.The mRNA expression of the PRL genes was found to decrease in all four organs, with the highest expression in the pituitary and the lowest in the ovary of the geese.The treatment group had a significantly lower expression in the pituitary and oviduct than control (P<0.05) , but did not differ significantly in the hypothalamus and ovary.
Randomly selected healthy Xingguo grey geese with a male to female ratio of 1to 5were divided into two groups.The treatment group was exposed to artificial light, and the control under natural conditions.The pituitary, hypothalamus, ovary and oviduct were collected from the geese for tests.The mRNA expression of the PRL genes was found to decrease in all four organs, with the highest expression in the pituitary and the lowest in the ovary of the geese.The treatment group had a significantly lower expression in the pituitary and oviduct than control (P<0.05) , but did not differ significantly in the hypothalamus and ovary.
2013, 28(10): 947-952.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.10.003
Abstract:
Through the comparison test on large white-plumage mule duck rearing in netting bed and on ground, the production performance, slaughter performance, meat quality, serum biochemical indieces and economic benefit of ducks were measured.The results showed that the average net gain of each duck rearing in netting bed was higher than the duck rearing on ground by 119.87g (3.90%) (P<0.05) .Two breeding patterns had no significant difference in feed conversion, survival rate, slaughter performance and meat quality (P>0.05) .There were significant differences in albumin, direct bilirubin, creatine kinase, carbon dioxide and apolipoprotein B (P<0.05) and extremely significant difference in blood glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, isoenzymic CK-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and sodium (P<0.01) .In summary, the feeding efficiency in netting of duck rearing in netting bed is higher than duck rearing on ground.
Through the comparison test on large white-plumage mule duck rearing in netting bed and on ground, the production performance, slaughter performance, meat quality, serum biochemical indieces and economic benefit of ducks were measured.The results showed that the average net gain of each duck rearing in netting bed was higher than the duck rearing on ground by 119.87g (3.90%) (P<0.05) .Two breeding patterns had no significant difference in feed conversion, survival rate, slaughter performance and meat quality (P>0.05) .There were significant differences in albumin, direct bilirubin, creatine kinase, carbon dioxide and apolipoprotein B (P<0.05) and extremely significant difference in blood glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, isoenzymic CK-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and sodium (P<0.01) .In summary, the feeding efficiency in netting of duck rearing in netting bed is higher than duck rearing on ground.
2013, 28(10): 953-956.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.10.004
Abstract:
Using Muscovy as male parent, white Kaiya duck as female parent, the fertilization rate of mule duck was analyzed by different insemination parameters (insemination depth, insemination amount, insemination time and insemination interval) .The results showed that the fertilization rate of 6cm depth insemination was significantly higher than that of 3cm depth insemination.The average fertilization rate of 3cm depth insemination was 71.01% and the average fertilization rate of 6cm depth insemination was 76.43% by using different insemination amount, and there was no significant difference among different insemination amount.The fertilization rates were 71.63% and 70.46%respectively in morning and afternoon, showing no significant difference on different insemination time.The fertilization rates of 2days and 4days insemination interval were significantly higher than the fertilization rate of 6days insemination interval, and there was no significant difference between 2days and 4days insemination interval.The result of this study provides the theoretical basis and reference value for mule duck artificial insemination.
Using Muscovy as male parent, white Kaiya duck as female parent, the fertilization rate of mule duck was analyzed by different insemination parameters (insemination depth, insemination amount, insemination time and insemination interval) .The results showed that the fertilization rate of 6cm depth insemination was significantly higher than that of 3cm depth insemination.The average fertilization rate of 3cm depth insemination was 71.01% and the average fertilization rate of 6cm depth insemination was 76.43% by using different insemination amount, and there was no significant difference among different insemination amount.The fertilization rates were 71.63% and 70.46%respectively in morning and afternoon, showing no significant difference on different insemination time.The fertilization rates of 2days and 4days insemination interval were significantly higher than the fertilization rate of 6days insemination interval, and there was no significant difference between 2days and 4days insemination interval.The result of this study provides the theoretical basis and reference value for mule duck artificial insemination.
2013, 28(10): 957-961.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.10.005
Abstract:
A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was formulated to study its effect on the growth and immuneresponse to the hog cholera vaccine of the piglets.The results showed that, as compared with Control, the daily weight gains of the piglets in Group A, B and C increased by 30.40% (P<0.05) , 28.88% (P<0.05) and 31.06% (P<0.05) , respectively;the feed conversion ratios increased by 2.02%, 7.25% and 10.26%, respectively;the daily feed intakes increased by 26.23%, 14.75% and 9.84%, respectively;and, the rates of blocking the classic swine fever antibody increased by 9.57%, 18.27% and 30.93% (P<0.05) , respectively.The rates of positive classic swine fever antibody in all three treatment groups were greater than 70%, and the variation coefficients of Group B and C were lower than 40%.It appeared that the TCM used had a measurable effect on PCV2infection, piglet growth, as well as the piglet's immune-response to the hog cholera vaccine.Insofar as TCM dosage is concerned, the best result was obtained on Group C that had a 2%addition on its feed.
A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was formulated to study its effect on the growth and immuneresponse to the hog cholera vaccine of the piglets.The results showed that, as compared with Control, the daily weight gains of the piglets in Group A, B and C increased by 30.40% (P<0.05) , 28.88% (P<0.05) and 31.06% (P<0.05) , respectively;the feed conversion ratios increased by 2.02%, 7.25% and 10.26%, respectively;the daily feed intakes increased by 26.23%, 14.75% and 9.84%, respectively;and, the rates of blocking the classic swine fever antibody increased by 9.57%, 18.27% and 30.93% (P<0.05) , respectively.The rates of positive classic swine fever antibody in all three treatment groups were greater than 70%, and the variation coefficients of Group B and C were lower than 40%.It appeared that the TCM used had a measurable effect on PCV2infection, piglet growth, as well as the piglet's immune-response to the hog cholera vaccine.Insofar as TCM dosage is concerned, the best result was obtained on Group C that had a 2%addition on its feed.
2013, 28(10): 962-965.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.10.006
Abstract:
PPO activities of Luffa cylindrica Roem from the germplasm collection were determined.Varieties that were low in PPO activity were selected.The results showed that the PPO activities were between 0.008-3.176 △OD420 ·min-1·g-1 with a high coefficient of variation of 177.5%.In the end, 26low-activity varieties were chosen for potential quality improvements on luffa.There were significant variations on the PPO activity in 8 common luffas in Fujian.Among them, Nongfu Luffa 801and Jinmei 2were low in PPO activity, and at the same time, exhibited desirable quality characteristics.
PPO activities of Luffa cylindrica Roem from the germplasm collection were determined.Varieties that were low in PPO activity were selected.The results showed that the PPO activities were between 0.008-3.176 △OD420 ·min-1·g-1 with a high coefficient of variation of 177.5%.In the end, 26low-activity varieties were chosen for potential quality improvements on luffa.There were significant variations on the PPO activity in 8 common luffas in Fujian.Among them, Nongfu Luffa 801and Jinmei 2were low in PPO activity, and at the same time, exhibited desirable quality characteristics.
2013, 28(10): 966-970.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.10.007
Abstract:
Thirty Flammulina velutipes strains were collected and analyzed with 16previously developed sequence characterized amplified regions (SCAR) molecular markers.Based on differences detected in SCAR phenotypes, two F.velutipes strains F026and F0114were identified firstly, three strains F0030+1, F0102and F0118were identified secondly and the remaining 21strains were identified successively.The results showed that SCAR molecular markers conld guarantee efficient, rapid, accurate identification of Flammulina velutipes strains.
Thirty Flammulina velutipes strains were collected and analyzed with 16previously developed sequence characterized amplified regions (SCAR) molecular markers.Based on differences detected in SCAR phenotypes, two F.velutipes strains F026and F0114were identified firstly, three strains F0030+1, F0102and F0118were identified secondly and the remaining 21strains were identified successively.The results showed that SCAR molecular markers conld guarantee efficient, rapid, accurate identification of Flammulina velutipes strains.
2013, 28(10): 971-975.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.10.008
Abstract:
In this study, the variation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Se contents in Ruansianhaibian'Chinese bayberry flesh and stone were determined and analyzed dynamically during fruit development.The results showed that the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Fe in flesh and stone were decreased gradually during the development of fruit maturity, and the average contents of various elements were higher in flesh than in stone.The order on the content ratio of flesh to stone was P< Mg<N<Se<Fe<K<Ca.In different development stages, the coefficient of variation in the content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg Fe and Se for flesh and stone were from 18.74% to 68.19% and 25.45%to 69.59%, respectively.
In this study, the variation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Se contents in Ruansianhaibian'Chinese bayberry flesh and stone were determined and analyzed dynamically during fruit development.The results showed that the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Fe in flesh and stone were decreased gradually during the development of fruit maturity, and the average contents of various elements were higher in flesh than in stone.The order on the content ratio of flesh to stone was P< Mg<N<Se<Fe<K<Ca.In different development stages, the coefficient of variation in the content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg Fe and Se for flesh and stone were from 18.74% to 68.19% and 25.45%to 69.59%, respectively.
2013, 28(10): 976-980.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.10.009
Abstract:
Plantlets of Fuzhou jasmine, Jasminum sambac (Linn.) Aiton, were obtained by using the stems and floral organ of the plant as explants.The callus induction, subculture and long-term maintenance of the plantlets were investigated on media with varied concentrations of phytohormone.The results indicated that the optimal light density for the culture was 1 500-2 000lx, and that 6different types of callus could be formed by varying the phytohormone concentration.The medium consisting of MS, 2.0mg BA/L, 0.2mg NAA·L-1 and 30g sucrose ·L-1 yielded a 100%induction rate, and at the same time, was the best for the callus subculture multiplication, as well as the growth of the induced plants.
Plantlets of Fuzhou jasmine, Jasminum sambac (Linn.) Aiton, were obtained by using the stems and floral organ of the plant as explants.The callus induction, subculture and long-term maintenance of the plantlets were investigated on media with varied concentrations of phytohormone.The results indicated that the optimal light density for the culture was 1 500-2 000lx, and that 6different types of callus could be formed by varying the phytohormone concentration.The medium consisting of MS, 2.0mg BA/L, 0.2mg NAA·L-1 and 30g sucrose ·L-1 yielded a 100%induction rate, and at the same time, was the best for the callus subculture multiplication, as well as the growth of the induced plants.
2013, 28(10): 981-986.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.10.010
Abstract:
To established a system of aseptic sowing and rapid propagation technology for pendent Cymbidium, the effects of basic culture media, hormone, organic additive and AC on pendent Cymbidium seeds germination, multiplication, differentiation and rooting was investigated by applying the seed→protocorm→the whole plant model.Our results showed that 90seeds germinated and developed into protocorm in 1/2MS medium containing 1.0 mg·L-16-BA+1.0 mg·L-1 NAA+0.5g·L-1 AC+20g·L-1 sugar after 60d.The best multiplication of protocorm (multiplication coefficient 6.8) was reached in 1/2MS medium containing 1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.5 mg·L-1 NAA+1.0 mg·L-1 KT+0.5g·L-1 AC+20g·L-1 sugar.Meanwhile, the best differentiation (differentiation rate 89.2%) of protocorm was reached in 1/2MS medium containing 0.5 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.1 mg·L-1 NAA+0.5g·L-1 AC+20g·L-1sugar.Furthermore, the best rooting (rooting rate 94.5%, plant length up to 5.6cm) was reached in 1/2MS medium containing 1.0mg·L-1 NAA +50g·L-1 mashed potato+0.5 g·L-1 AC+20g·L-1 sugar after 30d.
To established a system of aseptic sowing and rapid propagation technology for pendent Cymbidium, the effects of basic culture media, hormone, organic additive and AC on pendent Cymbidium seeds germination, multiplication, differentiation and rooting was investigated by applying the seed→protocorm→the whole plant model.Our results showed that 90seeds germinated and developed into protocorm in 1/2MS medium containing 1.0 mg·L-16-BA+1.0 mg·L-1 NAA+0.5g·L-1 AC+20g·L-1 sugar after 60d.The best multiplication of protocorm (multiplication coefficient 6.8) was reached in 1/2MS medium containing 1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.5 mg·L-1 NAA+1.0 mg·L-1 KT+0.5g·L-1 AC+20g·L-1 sugar.Meanwhile, the best differentiation (differentiation rate 89.2%) of protocorm was reached in 1/2MS medium containing 0.5 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.1 mg·L-1 NAA+0.5g·L-1 AC+20g·L-1sugar.Furthermore, the best rooting (rooting rate 94.5%, plant length up to 5.6cm) was reached in 1/2MS medium containing 1.0mg·L-1 NAA +50g·L-1 mashed potato+0.5 g·L-1 AC+20g·L-1 sugar after 30d.
2013, 28(10): 987-992.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.10.011
Abstract:
Various hybrids were generated by crossing among two black, 6red, 4pink, 2orange, and 2yellow cherry tomato inbred lines.The visual fruit color classification for the tomatoes was obtained using a Royal Horticultural Society plant color chart.The phenotypic observation of 6samples was performed on a color difference meter.And, the major plus multi-gene analysis of quantitative traits in plant was used to study the genetic law of the fruit color in black cherry tomato.The results showed that the black fruit color was a recessive trait.The parents must be of black type in order to achieve the same fruit color in hybrid F1.The genetic fruit color trait of the combination, PINK×Z2, was determined by additive-dominant-epistemic model of two major genes, and there was an epistemic effect between the two major genes.
Various hybrids were generated by crossing among two black, 6red, 4pink, 2orange, and 2yellow cherry tomato inbred lines.The visual fruit color classification for the tomatoes was obtained using a Royal Horticultural Society plant color chart.The phenotypic observation of 6samples was performed on a color difference meter.And, the major plus multi-gene analysis of quantitative traits in plant was used to study the genetic law of the fruit color in black cherry tomato.The results showed that the black fruit color was a recessive trait.The parents must be of black type in order to achieve the same fruit color in hybrid F1.The genetic fruit color trait of the combination, PINK×Z2, was determined by additive-dominant-epistemic model of two major genes, and there was an epistemic effect between the two major genes.
2013, 28(10): 993-998.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.10.012
Abstract:
The evaluating and grading standards for Sarcandra glabra seedling quality were studied with principal component analysis and cluster analysis methods by observing the annual growth regularity and morphological indices of one-year-old Sarcandra glabraseedling.The results showed that the diameter and height grew faster that other periods from July to October, and reached the maximum when the shading range was 75%.The diameter growth presented double peak at 50% shading rate, and showed a low value in September.The seedling quality could be directly evaluated by the ground diameter, seedling height, and root length and quantity, which could classify the Sarcandra glabra seedling as follows:GradeⅠ, ground diameter≥ 0.30cm, seedling height≥20.0 cm, root length≥15.0cm and root number≥10;Grade II, ground diameter≥ 0.20cm, seedling height≥15.0 cm, root length≥10.0cm and root number≥8.Those seedlings which any index doesn′t meet the standard of Grade II were regarded unqualified.
The evaluating and grading standards for Sarcandra glabra seedling quality were studied with principal component analysis and cluster analysis methods by observing the annual growth regularity and morphological indices of one-year-old Sarcandra glabraseedling.The results showed that the diameter and height grew faster that other periods from July to October, and reached the maximum when the shading range was 75%.The diameter growth presented double peak at 50% shading rate, and showed a low value in September.The seedling quality could be directly evaluated by the ground diameter, seedling height, and root length and quantity, which could classify the Sarcandra glabra seedling as follows:GradeⅠ, ground diameter≥ 0.30cm, seedling height≥20.0 cm, root length≥15.0cm and root number≥10;Grade II, ground diameter≥ 0.20cm, seedling height≥15.0 cm, root length≥10.0cm and root number≥8.Those seedlings which any index doesn′t meet the standard of Grade II were regarded unqualified.
2013, 28(10): 999-1003.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.10.013
Abstract:
Rapid and efficient extraction of genomic DNA from tea products is essential for molecular identification.The genomic DNAs of the fresh tea leaves of the tea cultivars, Jin Mu-dan, as well as the black, green and oolong teas made from them were extracted by means of the simplified and the improved CTAB methods.The results were verified by means of PCR.It was found that both of the methods performed satisfactorily for the extraction.Compared with the fresh leaves, the processed teas showed different degrees of degradation, but the main band was clear.There appeared no significant difference on the quality of the extracted genomic DNAs between the two methods.The data obtained by either method on the teas could be used for the PAPD and SSR analyses without concerns.However, the simplified CTAB method appeared simpler to operate than the modified method.
Rapid and efficient extraction of genomic DNA from tea products is essential for molecular identification.The genomic DNAs of the fresh tea leaves of the tea cultivars, Jin Mu-dan, as well as the black, green and oolong teas made from them were extracted by means of the simplified and the improved CTAB methods.The results were verified by means of PCR.It was found that both of the methods performed satisfactorily for the extraction.Compared with the fresh leaves, the processed teas showed different degrees of degradation, but the main band was clear.There appeared no significant difference on the quality of the extracted genomic DNAs between the two methods.The data obtained by either method on the teas could be used for the PAPD and SSR analyses without concerns.However, the simplified CTAB method appeared simpler to operate than the modified method.
2013, 28(10): 1004-1006.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.10.014
Abstract:
Ruyu No.33, an F1 hybrid with early maturity, was developed by crossing the selling line, 10A-1.2, as the female parent, and 2A-3.8as the male parent.Based on the field as well as lab experiments, the following characteristics of the plant were obtained: (a) the plant was strongly resistant to diseases, cold and heat; (b) the gourds had a green skin with high sheen and round lumps, and was 32-38cm long, 6-7cm in diameter, and 400-500g per single fruit on average; (c) it bore fruits on either main or side branches;and, (d) it had a high yield of more than 45 000kg·hm-2.
Ruyu No.33, an F1 hybrid with early maturity, was developed by crossing the selling line, 10A-1.2, as the female parent, and 2A-3.8as the male parent.Based on the field as well as lab experiments, the following characteristics of the plant were obtained: (a) the plant was strongly resistant to diseases, cold and heat; (b) the gourds had a green skin with high sheen and round lumps, and was 32-38cm long, 6-7cm in diameter, and 400-500g per single fruit on average; (c) it bore fruits on either main or side branches;and, (d) it had a high yield of more than 45 000kg·hm-2.
2013, 28(10): 1007-1011.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.10.015
Abstract:
Eight original ecology grown vegetables were studied on their amino acid compositions to evaluate their protein nutritive quality.The results showed that these vegetables were rich in the content of amino acid (AA) .The ratio in essential amino acids (EAA) to total AA were varied between 38.36%44.08%in various vegetable species respectively, while the flavor amino acids (FAA) of total AA were 21.46% 26.59%.The protein nutritional value of those vegetables was evaluated with fuzzy discernment method and was ranked in order of balsam pear>kale>basil>gynura>tetragonia>catnio>celery>purslane>ma lan>water spinach>cabbage>lettuce.However, with amino acid coefficient index method, the protein nutritional vatlue was ranked in order of tetragonia >celery>balsam pear>ma lan>basil>gynura>kale>catnip>cabbage>lettuce>purslane>water spinach.The results showed that the protein quality of original ecology grown vegetables was far superior to that of the contrast.
Eight original ecology grown vegetables were studied on their amino acid compositions to evaluate their protein nutritive quality.The results showed that these vegetables were rich in the content of amino acid (AA) .The ratio in essential amino acids (EAA) to total AA were varied between 38.36%44.08%in various vegetable species respectively, while the flavor amino acids (FAA) of total AA were 21.46% 26.59%.The protein nutritional value of those vegetables was evaluated with fuzzy discernment method and was ranked in order of balsam pear>kale>basil>gynura>tetragonia>catnio>celery>purslane>ma lan>water spinach>cabbage>lettuce.However, with amino acid coefficient index method, the protein nutritional vatlue was ranked in order of tetragonia >celery>balsam pear>ma lan>basil>gynura>kale>catnip>cabbage>lettuce>purslane>water spinach.The results showed that the protein quality of original ecology grown vegetables was far superior to that of the contrast.
2013, 28(10): 1012-1015.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.10.016
Abstract:
‘Chuanyou 2189'was developed by crossing the 3-line male sterile‘Chuanxiang 29A'and the restorer line‘Fuhui 2189'.‘Fuhui 2189'was a result of crossing‘Shuhui 527'as the female parent with R2in Hainan in the spring of 2003.Its progeny were planted in the rice-blast-infected field at Shanghang for cultivar-screening.The selected plant lines were repeatedly cultivated for several generations in Shaxian and Hainan to assure cultivar stability.The finally obtained‘Chuanyou 2189'exhibited the desirable characteristics of large panicle, numerous grains per panicle, color change during mycelium ripening, high yield and high seed production.As a result, it has been certified by Fujian Crop Variety Evaluation Committees in 2011.This paper presents the breeding procedures, hybrid characteristics, cultivation and seed production of‘Chuanyou 2189'.
‘Chuanyou 2189'was developed by crossing the 3-line male sterile‘Chuanxiang 29A'and the restorer line‘Fuhui 2189'.‘Fuhui 2189'was a result of crossing‘Shuhui 527'as the female parent with R2in Hainan in the spring of 2003.Its progeny were planted in the rice-blast-infected field at Shanghang for cultivar-screening.The selected plant lines were repeatedly cultivated for several generations in Shaxian and Hainan to assure cultivar stability.The finally obtained‘Chuanyou 2189'exhibited the desirable characteristics of large panicle, numerous grains per panicle, color change during mycelium ripening, high yield and high seed production.As a result, it has been certified by Fujian Crop Variety Evaluation Committees in 2011.This paper presents the breeding procedures, hybrid characteristics, cultivation and seed production of‘Chuanyou 2189'.
2013, 28(10): 1016-1020.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.10.017
Abstract:
Longshu 14was a sweet potato variety bred by crossing Zheshu 60-2and Guangshu 87.It has passed the national registration in 2008and the provincial registrations in 2013.The fresh yield of the variety was 28.16-43.80t·hm-2, which was 82.10%-103.90% of that of the reference varieties (CK) , Jinshan 57or Guangshu 87.Its dry yield was 8.05-11.30t·hm-2, which was 96.50%-109.10% of that of CK.Its starch production was 5.21-7.51t·hm-2, which was 98.80%-110.83% of CK′s.Its tuber dry matter and starch contents were higher than CK, approximately 30% and 19%, respectively.And, most of its major nutrients were in higher concentrations than those in Jinshan 57.This newly bred variety also exhibited a high resistance to fusarium wilt and moderately resistant to bacterial wilt.It had a red skin, yellowish flesh, and appealing appearance, which were considered to be of high commercial value.It was recommended to plant 52 500to 60 000plants per hectare, allow agrowth period of longer than 140days, and fertilize normally with an added late stage topdressing.
Longshu 14was a sweet potato variety bred by crossing Zheshu 60-2and Guangshu 87.It has passed the national registration in 2008and the provincial registrations in 2013.The fresh yield of the variety was 28.16-43.80t·hm-2, which was 82.10%-103.90% of that of the reference varieties (CK) , Jinshan 57or Guangshu 87.Its dry yield was 8.05-11.30t·hm-2, which was 96.50%-109.10% of that of CK.Its starch production was 5.21-7.51t·hm-2, which was 98.80%-110.83% of CK′s.Its tuber dry matter and starch contents were higher than CK, approximately 30% and 19%, respectively.And, most of its major nutrients were in higher concentrations than those in Jinshan 57.This newly bred variety also exhibited a high resistance to fusarium wilt and moderately resistant to bacterial wilt.It had a red skin, yellowish flesh, and appealing appearance, which were considered to be of high commercial value.It was recommended to plant 52 500to 60 000plants per hectare, allow agrowth period of longer than 140days, and fertilize normally with an added late stage topdressing.
2013, 28(10): 1021-1026.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.10.018
Abstract:
Rice false smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takahashi, is one of the most serious rice diseases in China.The scarcity of resistant resource is an important factor that restricts rice resistant breeding.In this study, rice false smut resistance of 117rice varieties that are commonly used for breeding was evaluated in the area with heavy disease.The results showed that only 2cultivars demonstrated resistance and 17cultivars (14.53%) were with middle resistance.Of 117varieties, 56 (47.86%) displayed middle susceptibility while 42 (35.90%) were identified as susceptive ones.The data indicated that rice false smut resistant varieties were scarce in commonly applied rice parents.Temperatures in booting stage and heading stage, different growth period and the structure of spikes were important to disease occurrence and epidemic.Additionally, there was also certain difference of disease resistance between indica and japonica rice.Our study provides fundamental materials for rice false smut resistance breeding.
Rice false smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takahashi, is one of the most serious rice diseases in China.The scarcity of resistant resource is an important factor that restricts rice resistant breeding.In this study, rice false smut resistance of 117rice varieties that are commonly used for breeding was evaluated in the area with heavy disease.The results showed that only 2cultivars demonstrated resistance and 17cultivars (14.53%) were with middle resistance.Of 117varieties, 56 (47.86%) displayed middle susceptibility while 42 (35.90%) were identified as susceptive ones.The data indicated that rice false smut resistant varieties were scarce in commonly applied rice parents.Temperatures in booting stage and heading stage, different growth period and the structure of spikes were important to disease occurrence and epidemic.Additionally, there was also certain difference of disease resistance between indica and japonica rice.Our study provides fundamental materials for rice false smut resistance breeding.
2013, 28(10): 1027-1031.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.10.019
Abstract:
Seventy-six strains of actinomycete were isolated from the soil in Jinggangshan area in Jiangxi province.S15was found to be strongly antagonistic to Fusarium oxysporumand Phomopsis asparagi.The inhibition effect of S15fermentation filtrate was significant against Magnaporthe oryzae, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum truncatum, Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Alternaria solani, Colletotrichum orbiculare and Setosphaeria turcica.According to its morphology, cultural characteristics, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16SrDNA sequence, S15 were identified to be Streptomyces bottropensis.
Seventy-six strains of actinomycete were isolated from the soil in Jinggangshan area in Jiangxi province.S15was found to be strongly antagonistic to Fusarium oxysporumand Phomopsis asparagi.The inhibition effect of S15fermentation filtrate was significant against Magnaporthe oryzae, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum truncatum, Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Alternaria solani, Colletotrichum orbiculare and Setosphaeria turcica.According to its morphology, cultural characteristics, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16SrDNA sequence, S15 were identified to be Streptomyces bottropensis.
2013, 28(10): 1032-1038.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.10.020
Abstract:
Effect of medium pH, spore number and other factors on the submerged fermentation of the FJAT-9040 strain of Trichoderma harzianum and the inhibition activities of the resultant fermentation liquid and sterile supernatant on the strain FJAT-135of Fusarium oxysporum were investigated.The submerged fermentation was carried out in a 50Lautomatic fermentation vessel.Fermentation duration, pH, viscosity, spore count and dry mycelia weight were altered to study their correlations.The results showed that, during the fermentation, (a) the pH decreased initially but slowly increased after 32hours; (b) the viscosity showed an increase-decrease-increase trend and followed by a decline toward the end; (c) the spore count decreased firstly, increased at the mid-stage, and remained constant at the end;and (d) the dry mycelia weight increased stepwise to reach 10.29mg·mL-1at the end.Except between pH and viscosity, there were significant correlations between pH and spore count, between pH and dry mycelia weight, between viscosity and spore count, between viscosity and dry mycelia weight, as well as between spore count and dry mycelia weight.The optimum duration for the fermentation was 96-108hours.At different culture stages, all fermentation products were effective in inhibiting the growth of FJAT-135at a rate above 77.92%.On the other hand, the sterile supernatant of the fermentation liquid was not found to have the inhibiting effect.The results obtained from this study provide the basic information for the development of a costeffective submerged fermentation process of FJAT-9040.
Effect of medium pH, spore number and other factors on the submerged fermentation of the FJAT-9040 strain of Trichoderma harzianum and the inhibition activities of the resultant fermentation liquid and sterile supernatant on the strain FJAT-135of Fusarium oxysporum were investigated.The submerged fermentation was carried out in a 50Lautomatic fermentation vessel.Fermentation duration, pH, viscosity, spore count and dry mycelia weight were altered to study their correlations.The results showed that, during the fermentation, (a) the pH decreased initially but slowly increased after 32hours; (b) the viscosity showed an increase-decrease-increase trend and followed by a decline toward the end; (c) the spore count decreased firstly, increased at the mid-stage, and remained constant at the end;and (d) the dry mycelia weight increased stepwise to reach 10.29mg·mL-1at the end.Except between pH and viscosity, there were significant correlations between pH and spore count, between pH and dry mycelia weight, between viscosity and spore count, between viscosity and dry mycelia weight, as well as between spore count and dry mycelia weight.The optimum duration for the fermentation was 96-108hours.At different culture stages, all fermentation products were effective in inhibiting the growth of FJAT-135at a rate above 77.92%.On the other hand, the sterile supernatant of the fermentation liquid was not found to have the inhibiting effect.The results obtained from this study provide the basic information for the development of a costeffective submerged fermentation process of FJAT-9040.
2013, 28(10): 1039-1044.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.10.021
Abstract:
A highly active antibody was produced by making manmade antigen of Clenbuterol.We established a direct competition method to detect Clenbuterol that used HRP as markers and luminol as chemiluminescent substrates, with which many parameters were optimized, including coating buffer, coating condition, blocking condition, incubating time, and enzyme consumption.Based on this method we developed a chemiluminescent detecting kit, whose linear range was 0.1-8.1ng·mL-1, the linear correlation coefficient was r=0.996, the IC50 was 0.607ng mL-1, the detection limit was under 0.1ng·mL-1, the within-run assay coefficient of variation was 6.76%-8.31%, the between-run assay coefficient of variation was 7.4%, the coefficient of recovery was between (90±15) %, and there was no cross reaction with otherβ-agonists.
A highly active antibody was produced by making manmade antigen of Clenbuterol.We established a direct competition method to detect Clenbuterol that used HRP as markers and luminol as chemiluminescent substrates, with which many parameters were optimized, including coating buffer, coating condition, blocking condition, incubating time, and enzyme consumption.Based on this method we developed a chemiluminescent detecting kit, whose linear range was 0.1-8.1ng·mL-1, the linear correlation coefficient was r=0.996, the IC50 was 0.607ng mL-1, the detection limit was under 0.1ng·mL-1, the within-run assay coefficient of variation was 6.76%-8.31%, the between-run assay coefficient of variation was 7.4%, the coefficient of recovery was between (90±15) %, and there was no cross reaction with otherβ-agonists.
2013, 28(10): 1045-1049.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.10.022
Abstract:
Conditions for extracting astaxanthin from Vannamei shrimps were studied.Decalcification with an acid soak, utilization of ethanol as the extraction solvent, and repeated extraction were found to be desirable for the operation.A single factor and orthogonal array experiment was conducted to further optimize that process which yielded the following processing conditions:solid:liquid ratio of 1∶10, pH at 3.0, extraction duration of 3.5h, and temperature at 60℃.The resultant rate of astaxanthin extracted from the shrimps was 271.3μg·g-1.This study provided a basis for future development of the shrimp byproduct utilization technology.
Conditions for extracting astaxanthin from Vannamei shrimps were studied.Decalcification with an acid soak, utilization of ethanol as the extraction solvent, and repeated extraction were found to be desirable for the operation.A single factor and orthogonal array experiment was conducted to further optimize that process which yielded the following processing conditions:solid:liquid ratio of 1∶10, pH at 3.0, extraction duration of 3.5h, and temperature at 60℃.The resultant rate of astaxanthin extracted from the shrimps was 271.3μg·g-1.This study provided a basis for future development of the shrimp byproduct utilization technology.
2013, 28(10): 1050-1053.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.10.023
Abstract:
A Juvenile abalone shell length measurement method was introduced in this paper and the application of digital image processing method to measure the abalone shell length was described.The standard scale pixel length of the units was obtained by using specialized image analysis software (Image-pro plus) IPP 6.0, and then we got the pixel length of the abalone shell.By adopting unit calibration, the measurement value of the abalone shell was obtained which compared with the measurement values obtained by using calipers.By comparing the 13batches of 430abalone shell length data, the experimental results had good consistency and showed that the shell length measurement of abalone images based on digital image processing method had the characteristics of non-contact, high precision, fast measuring speed and the measuring results could be recorded directly to facilitate data statistics and analysis.Image measurement method could meet the needs on the actual production.It was also expected to be used for the detection of the crab, shellfish and other aquatic seedling size.
A Juvenile abalone shell length measurement method was introduced in this paper and the application of digital image processing method to measure the abalone shell length was described.The standard scale pixel length of the units was obtained by using specialized image analysis software (Image-pro plus) IPP 6.0, and then we got the pixel length of the abalone shell.By adopting unit calibration, the measurement value of the abalone shell was obtained which compared with the measurement values obtained by using calipers.By comparing the 13batches of 430abalone shell length data, the experimental results had good consistency and showed that the shell length measurement of abalone images based on digital image processing method had the characteristics of non-contact, high precision, fast measuring speed and the measuring results could be recorded directly to facilitate data statistics and analysis.Image measurement method could meet the needs on the actual production.It was also expected to be used for the detection of the crab, shellfish and other aquatic seedling size.
2013, 28(10): 1054-1059.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.10.024
Abstract:
The northwest district is the most important sweet potato planting area in Fujian.In recent years, processing of the dehydrated red-flesh-sweet potato slices has become a leading industrial activity in Liancheng.To further foster the development, a new marketing approach associating the high quality and uniqueness of the products is in order.Currently, the sweet potato leaves and the purple flesh sweet potatoes have been widely promoted for foods.This article presents the problems and prospective of future business development for the area′s sweet potato industry.New varieties and novel technologies, as well as supports from the government agencies and corporations, should be sought to eventually establish a special sweet potato industry for the region.
The northwest district is the most important sweet potato planting area in Fujian.In recent years, processing of the dehydrated red-flesh-sweet potato slices has become a leading industrial activity in Liancheng.To further foster the development, a new marketing approach associating the high quality and uniqueness of the products is in order.Currently, the sweet potato leaves and the purple flesh sweet potatoes have been widely promoted for foods.This article presents the problems and prospective of future business development for the area′s sweet potato industry.New varieties and novel technologies, as well as supports from the government agencies and corporations, should be sought to eventually establish a special sweet potato industry for the region.
2013, 28(10): 1060-1062.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.10.025
Abstract:
The majority of new eriophyid mite (Fujianacaricalus albumus sp.nov.) damage the twigs.In the spring and autumn, the twigs were damaged seriously.At the first stage, the buds become redness.At the second stage, the tender leaves curved and become dark.In the following stages, the whole twigs become brown and dried.The significant differences between F.albumus sp.nov.and Dichopelmus canarii Kuang, Xu et Zeng, sp.nov.are shown in the shield、lateral microtubercles and coxae.The investigation result showed that the occurrence periods of F.albumus sp.nov.were related with the temperature and sprouting time of new shoots of Chinese olive.Besides, Based on the occurrence regularity of F.albumus sp.nov.in Fuzhou, concerning control suggestions were given.
The majority of new eriophyid mite (Fujianacaricalus albumus sp.nov.) damage the twigs.In the spring and autumn, the twigs were damaged seriously.At the first stage, the buds become redness.At the second stage, the tender leaves curved and become dark.In the following stages, the whole twigs become brown and dried.The significant differences between F.albumus sp.nov.and Dichopelmus canarii Kuang, Xu et Zeng, sp.nov.are shown in the shield、lateral microtubercles and coxae.The investigation result showed that the occurrence periods of F.albumus sp.nov.were related with the temperature and sprouting time of new shoots of Chinese olive.Besides, Based on the occurrence regularity of F.albumus sp.nov.in Fuzhou, concerning control suggestions were given.
