2012 Vol. 27, No. 8
Display Method:
2012, 27(8): 787-791.
Abstract:
Anguillae herpesvirus(AngHV)is one of the major viral pathogen of freshwater eels. In this study, the open reading frame of AngHV-FJ ORF95 gene was synthesized according to the gene sequence of AngHV-1 provided by GenBank:(NC-013668),and then cloned into the pMD19-T vector. After restriction digestion and sequence verification,the ORF95 gene was inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a to construct the recombinant expression plasmid 32a-ORF95. The plasmid was then transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain to induce expression of ORF95 protein. The soluble ORF95 protein can be highly expressed under the induction of IPTG (0.1 mmol·L-1) at 23℃ for 14h,and then purified by Ni-NTA His.Binding affinity purification. The protein can be used further to understand the characteristic of ORF95 protein and the AngHV prevention.
Anguillae herpesvirus(AngHV)is one of the major viral pathogen of freshwater eels. In this study, the open reading frame of AngHV-FJ ORF95 gene was synthesized according to the gene sequence of AngHV-1 provided by GenBank:(NC-013668),and then cloned into the pMD19-T vector. After restriction digestion and sequence verification,the ORF95 gene was inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a to construct the recombinant expression plasmid 32a-ORF95. The plasmid was then transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain to induce expression of ORF95 protein. The soluble ORF95 protein can be highly expressed under the induction of IPTG (0.1 mmol·L-1) at 23℃ for 14h,and then purified by Ni-NTA His.Binding affinity purification. The protein can be used further to understand the characteristic of ORF95 protein and the AngHV prevention.
2012, 27(8): 792-795.
Abstract:
Hps antibody of 378 serum sample from 23 pig farm in 8 city of Fujian Province was detected by the indirect ELISA reagent kit; And Hps was separated and identified by use of TSA plate with removal of fine horse blood from the collected disease materials of swine suspected infecting Hps; And the serotype of separated strains was classified by the Agar diffusion test; And a pair of specific primers was synthesized by referring to ompP5 gene of HS0165 strain signed in GenBank, and the ompP5 gene was amplified using Hps DNA extracted as a template by PCR method, cloned, sequenced and blasted. The results showed that the positive rate in 23 field from Fujian Province was to 100%, and the positive rate of the herd was to 36.78%; 52 isolates from the swine of suspected infecting Hps had been separated and identified, and were regarded as serotype 2, 4, 5, 13 and non-serotype respectively, in addition, the serotype 13 was the most; Compared the GenBank, the homology of ompP5 of 3 isolates are respectively up to 93%.
Hps antibody of 378 serum sample from 23 pig farm in 8 city of Fujian Province was detected by the indirect ELISA reagent kit; And Hps was separated and identified by use of TSA plate with removal of fine horse blood from the collected disease materials of swine suspected infecting Hps; And the serotype of separated strains was classified by the Agar diffusion test; And a pair of specific primers was synthesized by referring to ompP5 gene of HS0165 strain signed in GenBank, and the ompP5 gene was amplified using Hps DNA extracted as a template by PCR method, cloned, sequenced and blasted. The results showed that the positive rate in 23 field from Fujian Province was to 100%, and the positive rate of the herd was to 36.78%; 52 isolates from the swine of suspected infecting Hps had been separated and identified, and were regarded as serotype 2, 4, 5, 13 and non-serotype respectively, in addition, the serotype 13 was the most; Compared the GenBank, the homology of ompP5 of 3 isolates are respectively up to 93%.
2012, 27(8): 796-799.
Abstract:
To study the early growth of Daiyun goat, a Fujian local goat breed, the body weight and body size of lambs from zero to six months after birth were measured. Three kinds of nonlinear models of Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz and Logistic were used to investigate the growth curve,respectively. Male and female Daiyun goats growed the fastest during the first month, while the growth rate went down during the second to fifth month, then rose up during the fifth to sixth month. The results showed the growth curve fitted well with these three models and the R2 was above 0.97, but the Von Bertalanffy model was much closer to the actual observed values. The fitting parameters of Von Bertalanffy model between genders were also compared, the results told that male Daiyun goats showed higher body weight than female Daiyun goats for each month, but the male Daiyun goat showed lower inflection age, inflection point weight than the female ones. The Von Bertalanffy model equation for male and female Daiyun goat was W=20038.421(1-0.485e-0.227t)3 and W=21272.581(1-0.510e-0.198t)3,respectively.
To study the early growth of Daiyun goat, a Fujian local goat breed, the body weight and body size of lambs from zero to six months after birth were measured. Three kinds of nonlinear models of Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz and Logistic were used to investigate the growth curve,respectively. Male and female Daiyun goats growed the fastest during the first month, while the growth rate went down during the second to fifth month, then rose up during the fifth to sixth month. The results showed the growth curve fitted well with these three models and the R2 was above 0.97, but the Von Bertalanffy model was much closer to the actual observed values. The fitting parameters of Von Bertalanffy model between genders were also compared, the results told that male Daiyun goats showed higher body weight than female Daiyun goats for each month, but the male Daiyun goat showed lower inflection age, inflection point weight than the female ones. The Von Bertalanffy model equation for male and female Daiyun goat was W=20038.421(1-0.485e-0.227t)3 and W=21272.581(1-0.510e-0.198t)3,respectively.
2012, 27(8): 800-804.
Abstract:
Effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization on yield and dry matter content of the high quality rice, Tianyou 3301, were studied. The results showed that the grain yield correlated to N application. The optimal N application was determined to be 205.06 kg穐m-2 for the highest yield of 10 350.83 kg穐m-2. The economical N application was 192.70 kg穐m-2 that would provide an estimated yield of 10 341.37 kg穐m-2. To produce 100 kg of the grains, the highest and the most economical N application rates were 1.98 and 1.86 kg, respectively. An optimum N application could produce more and bigger spikes, more total spikelets per m2 as well as higher seed set than otherwise. Either higher or lower application rate would result in lowered yields. Furthermore, moderate levels of the N fertilization could increase the dry matter productivity during the middle and later growth period, as well as the stored substances accumulated before the heading and the photosynthetic substances produced after the heading. The crop growth rate (CGR) had a linear correlation with the N application in field vegetative growth period. They had a parabolic correlation in the middle and late growth period. Consequently, in order to improve CGR in the middle and late growth period, heavy N fertilization needed to be implemented.
Effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization on yield and dry matter content of the high quality rice, Tianyou 3301, were studied. The results showed that the grain yield correlated to N application. The optimal N application was determined to be 205.06 kg穐m-2 for the highest yield of 10 350.83 kg穐m-2. The economical N application was 192.70 kg穐m-2 that would provide an estimated yield of 10 341.37 kg穐m-2. To produce 100 kg of the grains, the highest and the most economical N application rates were 1.98 and 1.86 kg, respectively. An optimum N application could produce more and bigger spikes, more total spikelets per m2 as well as higher seed set than otherwise. Either higher or lower application rate would result in lowered yields. Furthermore, moderate levels of the N fertilization could increase the dry matter productivity during the middle and later growth period, as well as the stored substances accumulated before the heading and the photosynthetic substances produced after the heading. The crop growth rate (CGR) had a linear correlation with the N application in field vegetative growth period. They had a parabolic correlation in the middle and late growth period. Consequently, in order to improve CGR in the middle and late growth period, heavy N fertilization needed to be implemented.
2012, 27(8): 805-809.
Abstract:
Representative soils in Jianyang City were selected to conduct a field NPK fertilization experimentation on Early Rice 3414. The results showed that (a) N exhibited the highest yield increasing effect at 26.0%; (b) P fertilization increased yield 12.2% on average; and (c) K showed the least yield increase at 1.9%. Based on 10 tests on the Early Rice, 3 mathematic models were established. They included the high, medium and low fertilization effect field models. According to the models, the optimum fertilizer applications were N 129.7 kg穐m-2, P2O5 25.0 kg穐m-2, and K2O 102.6 kg穐m-2, with the proportion of N:P:K at 1:0.19:0.79. Using the models, various fertilizations were practiced throughout Jianyang City with satisfactory results.
Representative soils in Jianyang City were selected to conduct a field NPK fertilization experimentation on Early Rice 3414. The results showed that (a) N exhibited the highest yield increasing effect at 26.0%; (b) P fertilization increased yield 12.2% on average; and (c) K showed the least yield increase at 1.9%. Based on 10 tests on the Early Rice, 3 mathematic models were established. They included the high, medium and low fertilization effect field models. According to the models, the optimum fertilizer applications were N 129.7 kg穐m-2, P2O5 25.0 kg穐m-2, and K2O 102.6 kg穐m-2, with the proportion of N:P:K at 1:0.19:0.79. Using the models, various fertilizations were practiced throughout Jianyang City with satisfactory results.
2012, 27(8): 810-814.
Abstract:
For the purpose of new varieties(lines) identification at the molecular level, 11 pairs of SSR(Simple Sequence Repeats) primer markers were employed to analysis of genetic and construction of fingerprinting for 9 new potato varieties and its parents in Fujian.. The results showed that, 89 alleles loci were amplified, including 84 polymorphic alleles, and the ratio of polymorphism reached 94.38%. The numbers of alleles site amplified with different primers was 5-15, and the average value was 8.09. The fingerprinting of 13 potato varieties was constructed by 6 pairs of primers,STI027, STI052, STI033, STI047, STM3023, and STM0030. All the potato varieties were univocally identified using SSR primer STI027, and ten potato varieties were univocally identified using SSR primer STM0030. UPGMA cluster analysis of genetic similarity showed that all the materials were clustered into four groups at the genetic similarity of 0.628. The cluster analysis result was accordance with the genetic relationships.
For the purpose of new varieties(lines) identification at the molecular level, 11 pairs of SSR(Simple Sequence Repeats) primer markers were employed to analysis of genetic and construction of fingerprinting for 9 new potato varieties and its parents in Fujian.. The results showed that, 89 alleles loci were amplified, including 84 polymorphic alleles, and the ratio of polymorphism reached 94.38%. The numbers of alleles site amplified with different primers was 5-15, and the average value was 8.09. The fingerprinting of 13 potato varieties was constructed by 6 pairs of primers,STI027, STI052, STI033, STI047, STM3023, and STM0030. All the potato varieties were univocally identified using SSR primer STI027, and ten potato varieties were univocally identified using SSR primer STM0030. UPGMA cluster analysis of genetic similarity showed that all the materials were clustered into four groups at the genetic similarity of 0.628. The cluster analysis result was accordance with the genetic relationships.
2012, 27(8): 815-820.
Abstract:
Nine silage maize inbred lines cultivated by the Crops Research Institute at Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences and 5 inbred lines from different heterosis groups were selected for the study.Designed by using the P1xP2 uncompleted diallel crossing of NCII method, the 14 inbred lines’ combining abilities and correlations were evaluated. In addition, with the path analysis, 9 traits including the lodging rate, plant height,ear height,stem diameter,root number, root cap diameter and so on,were correlated. The results showed that (a) the female inbred lines of Ye478 had a desirable lodging resistance, but Jiao51 was poor in that regard; and (b) the male inbred lines of MQ11-2 and MQ11-7 were desirable on lodging resistance, but not MQ11-4. The hN2 for the lodging rate was high, indicating a possibility to effectively breed lodging resistance varieties through parental breeding. The stem diameter,root number and root cap diameter significantly correlated to the root lodging resistance, but the ear height showed a significant inverse correlation with the root lodging resistance.The indirect effect of ear height and root cap diameter on the root lodging resistance was equally significant. Therefore,these traits should be closely monitored in breeding to improve maize's lodging resistance.
Nine silage maize inbred lines cultivated by the Crops Research Institute at Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences and 5 inbred lines from different heterosis groups were selected for the study.Designed by using the P1xP2 uncompleted diallel crossing of NCII method, the 14 inbred lines’ combining abilities and correlations were evaluated. In addition, with the path analysis, 9 traits including the lodging rate, plant height,ear height,stem diameter,root number, root cap diameter and so on,were correlated. The results showed that (a) the female inbred lines of Ye478 had a desirable lodging resistance, but Jiao51 was poor in that regard; and (b) the male inbred lines of MQ11-2 and MQ11-7 were desirable on lodging resistance, but not MQ11-4. The hN2 for the lodging rate was high, indicating a possibility to effectively breed lodging resistance varieties through parental breeding. The stem diameter,root number and root cap diameter significantly correlated to the root lodging resistance, but the ear height showed a significant inverse correlation with the root lodging resistance.The indirect effect of ear height and root cap diameter on the root lodging resistance was equally significant. Therefore,these traits should be closely monitored in breeding to improve maize's lodging resistance.
2012, 27(8): 821-825.
Abstract:
Based on their growth characteristics, seedcanes of the target pathogen-free chewing sugarcane were compared with those of the conventional cane (CK). The results showed that, in addition to the seedling emergence rate and seedling rate,the seedcanes of the chewing cane were significantly higher on the monthly growth rate,plant height,internode length,cane yield,and contents of sugar, reducing sugars and Amino acids than CK. Especially, it was found that the yield was 21.75% and the sugar content of the chewing variety 1.10% higher than CK. The seedcanes of the chewing cane showed better productivity traits, and could be promoted for large production.
Based on their growth characteristics, seedcanes of the target pathogen-free chewing sugarcane were compared with those of the conventional cane (CK). The results showed that, in addition to the seedling emergence rate and seedling rate,the seedcanes of the chewing cane were significantly higher on the monthly growth rate,plant height,internode length,cane yield,and contents of sugar, reducing sugars and Amino acids than CK. Especially, it was found that the yield was 21.75% and the sugar content of the chewing variety 1.10% higher than CK. The seedcanes of the chewing cane showed better productivity traits, and could be promoted for large production.
2012, 27(8): 826-830.
Abstract:
To explore the phylogenetic correlations among the strains of Fusarium spp., the mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) rDNA genes from Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense in two physiological races (race4 and race1) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction using the mtSSU rDNA gene universal primers. Furthermore, phylogenetic tree was constructed on the basis of the two race mtSSU rDNA sequences and other mtSSU rDNA sequences of Fusarium spp. from GenBank by neighbor-joining method. The results showed that lengths of the gene in two races were 685bp and sequence homology between the two races was 99.70%. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the two sequences were clustered in the same group with the sequence of F. oxysporum f.sp.cubense in the database. Meanwhile, there were variations in the mtSSU rDNA sequences of inter-species and the same species with different specialized obviously, suggesting that the abundant genetic diversity of mtSSU rDNA gene sequences could be used in phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of Fusarium spp.
To explore the phylogenetic correlations among the strains of Fusarium spp., the mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) rDNA genes from Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense in two physiological races (race4 and race1) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction using the mtSSU rDNA gene universal primers. Furthermore, phylogenetic tree was constructed on the basis of the two race mtSSU rDNA sequences and other mtSSU rDNA sequences of Fusarium spp. from GenBank by neighbor-joining method. The results showed that lengths of the gene in two races were 685bp and sequence homology between the two races was 99.70%. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the two sequences were clustered in the same group with the sequence of F. oxysporum f.sp.cubense in the database. Meanwhile, there were variations in the mtSSU rDNA sequences of inter-species and the same species with different specialized obviously, suggesting that the abundant genetic diversity of mtSSU rDNA gene sequences could be used in phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of Fusarium spp.
2012, 27(8): 831-834.
Abstract:
According to the SCYLV coat protein (CP) gene sequences from GenBank, the specific primers were designed to amplify SCYLV CP gene from Fujian chewingcane (Badila) by RT-PCR..The PCR product contained 608 nucleotides. The results of nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis showed that the PCR product contained the full length of SCYLV coat protein, which coded 196 amino acids. The CP gene sequences in this test have more than 96% homologous with CP genes of other SCYLV isolates from China and other countries. Phylogenetic tree suggested that the eighteen isolates were classified into three types according to the nucleotides sequence of SCYLV CP. The SCYLV-FJBadila belong to the BRA-PER genotypes.We sampled and amplified the CP genes from the chewingcane fields in LongWen, ChangTai, TongAn, etc of Fujian province, the result showed that the chewingcanes in Fujian province were universal infected with SCYLV.
According to the SCYLV coat protein (CP) gene sequences from GenBank, the specific primers were designed to amplify SCYLV CP gene from Fujian chewingcane (Badila) by RT-PCR..The PCR product contained 608 nucleotides. The results of nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis showed that the PCR product contained the full length of SCYLV coat protein, which coded 196 amino acids. The CP gene sequences in this test have more than 96% homologous with CP genes of other SCYLV isolates from China and other countries. Phylogenetic tree suggested that the eighteen isolates were classified into three types according to the nucleotides sequence of SCYLV CP. The SCYLV-FJBadila belong to the BRA-PER genotypes.We sampled and amplified the CP genes from the chewingcane fields in LongWen, ChangTai, TongAn, etc of Fujian province, the result showed that the chewingcanes in Fujian province were universal infected with SCYLV.
2012, 27(8): 835-840.
Abstract:
The population dynamics of aphids on different cultivars were investigated in the field and net in two consecutive years respectively, and the selectivity of tea aphid on fourteen tea cultivars which are suitable for processing oolong tea in Fujian province was compared. The results showed that: ①The selectivity of tea aphid was significantly different on each cultivars in the field and net, and it was not consistent with each other in two years, but the consistency on the aphid shoot rate(%), aphid number ratio and aphid sentiment index in net were larger than that in the field in two years. ②It is feasible to use three indicators of aphid shoot rate(%), aphid number ratio, aphid sentiment index to measure the selectivity of tea aphid on different tea cultivars, for the trends on different cultivars were consistent with the changes of time basically. ③Clustering analysis of fourteen tea cultivars suitable for processing oolong tea was conducted based on aphid shoot rate(%), aphid number ratio and aphid sentiment index, and the changes of which in net was used as indicators in two years. Our results suggest that Bai Ji Guan and Dan Gui belong to a category respectively, which are susceptible to tea aphid; Mao Xie and Bai MuDan belong to the same category, which are resistance to aphid; and other cultivars belong to the intermediate type.
The population dynamics of aphids on different cultivars were investigated in the field and net in two consecutive years respectively, and the selectivity of tea aphid on fourteen tea cultivars which are suitable for processing oolong tea in Fujian province was compared. The results showed that: ①The selectivity of tea aphid was significantly different on each cultivars in the field and net, and it was not consistent with each other in two years, but the consistency on the aphid shoot rate(%), aphid number ratio and aphid sentiment index in net were larger than that in the field in two years. ②It is feasible to use three indicators of aphid shoot rate(%), aphid number ratio, aphid sentiment index to measure the selectivity of tea aphid on different tea cultivars, for the trends on different cultivars were consistent with the changes of time basically. ③Clustering analysis of fourteen tea cultivars suitable for processing oolong tea was conducted based on aphid shoot rate(%), aphid number ratio and aphid sentiment index, and the changes of which in net was used as indicators in two years. Our results suggest that Bai Ji Guan and Dan Gui belong to a category respectively, which are susceptible to tea aphid; Mao Xie and Bai MuDan belong to the same category, which are resistance to aphid; and other cultivars belong to the intermediate type.
2012, 27(8): 841-846.
Abstract:
Weeds species and distribution were investigated by sampling method in different habitats of the coastal region in the south-east of the Fujian province, where Eupatorium catatium has existed. Species diversity of the weeds community including E. catatium, niche breath and niche overlap of 23 main kinds of weeds was analyzed by applying the species richness index(S), Simpson's Index(Ds), Shannon-Wiener Index(H')and Pielou evenness indice(J). Meanwhile, effects of E.catatium on weeds community composition and species diversity were also investigated.Results suggested that fifty-eight weed species belonged to twenty-two families exist with E.catatium and twenty of which were alien. Furthermore, sixteen of twenty belonged to the asteraceae family and nine of which were alien.E.catatium had stronger ability to adapt to the environment and more competitive for it had broader niche breadth than the other species of weeds in the community.Results also indicated that Solanum nigrum and Acalypha australis shared the largest niche overlap, and E. catatium and Conyza canadensis were followed.
Weeds species and distribution were investigated by sampling method in different habitats of the coastal region in the south-east of the Fujian province, where Eupatorium catatium has existed. Species diversity of the weeds community including E. catatium, niche breath and niche overlap of 23 main kinds of weeds was analyzed by applying the species richness index(S), Simpson's Index(Ds), Shannon-Wiener Index(H')and Pielou evenness indice(J). Meanwhile, effects of E.catatium on weeds community composition and species diversity were also investigated.Results suggested that fifty-eight weed species belonged to twenty-two families exist with E.catatium and twenty of which were alien. Furthermore, sixteen of twenty belonged to the asteraceae family and nine of which were alien.E.catatium had stronger ability to adapt to the environment and more competitive for it had broader niche breadth than the other species of weeds in the community.Results also indicated that Solanum nigrum and Acalypha australis shared the largest niche overlap, and E. catatium and Conyza canadensis were followed.
2012, 27(8): 847-852.
Abstract:
An experimental demonstration of comprehensive control for Basilepta melanopus Lefevre was carried out in Wuyi Mountain city and Fu'an city, respectively. Better laboratory effects could be obtained by 5% pyrethrins EC (pEC) and 0.5% vertrine WP (vWP) with 1000-fold dilution. However, the field control effects of pEC after 1, 3 and 5 days were 71.86%, 61.93% and 49.98%,respectively, suggesting that pEC has high efficiency and weak persistent. On the contrast, the vWP has better efficiency and persistence, for the field control effects of Vwp after 1, 3 and 5 days were 77.04%, 71.76% and 67.24%,respectively. Two strains of Beauveria bassiana purified from Basilepta melanopus Lefevre could cause successful parasitic infestation. Laboratory tests shows that one of which has better parasitic efficiency for 2?107 spores穖L-1 of Beauveria bassiana cause an average correction parasitic rates of 66.65%, and 62.85% for 1?107 spores穖L-1 after 15 days. Meanwhile, field parasitic rates were 32.64% to 45.21% with the powder dosage of 15 kg穐m-2, and the control rate was 59.89% with shallow ploughing. Shallow ploughing in spring, spraying Beauveria bassiana at the initial occurrence and twice usage of botanical pesticides at prosperous time were the feasible methods to control Basilepta melanopus Lefevre, by which the damage rate to the tea shoots could be controlled below 6.8% when the pests were rampant in tea garden.
An experimental demonstration of comprehensive control for Basilepta melanopus Lefevre was carried out in Wuyi Mountain city and Fu'an city, respectively. Better laboratory effects could be obtained by 5% pyrethrins EC (pEC) and 0.5% vertrine WP (vWP) with 1000-fold dilution. However, the field control effects of pEC after 1, 3 and 5 days were 71.86%, 61.93% and 49.98%,respectively, suggesting that pEC has high efficiency and weak persistent. On the contrast, the vWP has better efficiency and persistence, for the field control effects of Vwp after 1, 3 and 5 days were 77.04%, 71.76% and 67.24%,respectively. Two strains of Beauveria bassiana purified from Basilepta melanopus Lefevre could cause successful parasitic infestation. Laboratory tests shows that one of which has better parasitic efficiency for 2?107 spores穖L-1 of Beauveria bassiana cause an average correction parasitic rates of 66.65%, and 62.85% for 1?107 spores穖L-1 after 15 days. Meanwhile, field parasitic rates were 32.64% to 45.21% with the powder dosage of 15 kg穐m-2, and the control rate was 59.89% with shallow ploughing. Shallow ploughing in spring, spraying Beauveria bassiana at the initial occurrence and twice usage of botanical pesticides at prosperous time were the feasible methods to control Basilepta melanopus Lefevre, by which the damage rate to the tea shoots could be controlled below 6.8% when the pests were rampant in tea garden.
2012, 27(8): 853-856.
Abstract:
Effects of nitrogen fertilization on yield and quality of Oolong tea were studied at 6 application levels (i.e., CK, 25% Opt N, 60% Opt N, 100% Opt N, 120% Opt N, and 150% Opt N). The results indicated that, at nitrogen application less than 120% Opt N, the bud density, yield, forest floor, trim amount and biological yield all increased with increasing N. However, when the application was up to 150% Opt N, the effects became either insignificant or negative. The sensory evaluation indicated that the tea quality decreased with increasing N application, although the differences between the treatments were not significant.
Effects of nitrogen fertilization on yield and quality of Oolong tea were studied at 6 application levels (i.e., CK, 25% Opt N, 60% Opt N, 100% Opt N, 120% Opt N, and 150% Opt N). The results indicated that, at nitrogen application less than 120% Opt N, the bud density, yield, forest floor, trim amount and biological yield all increased with increasing N. However, when the application was up to 150% Opt N, the effects became either insignificant or negative. The sensory evaluation indicated that the tea quality decreased with increasing N application, although the differences between the treatments were not significant.
2012, 27(8): 857-862.
Abstract:
The spring shoots harvested from the buds of Tieguanyin, Huangdan, Jinguanyin and Huangguanyin (Camellia sinensis) were used as materials for the experiments, and the contents of predominant biochemical components related to tea taste quality were determined in samples prepared during the period of shoot growth and the process of fresh scent-flavor Oolong tea, which were water extracts, total polyphenols, free amino acids, water soluble sugars,etc.The results showed that the low ratio of tea polyphenols to free amino acids and high caffeine content were the primary characters of tender shoots. As grew into two to four leaves with a banjhi bud, all of the biochemical components contents declined rapidly except for the increase of water soluble sugars.These biochemical components changed more obviously during the period of shoot growth than those in the process of fresh scent-flavor Oolong tea. When given data standardization to the contents of biochemical compositions in each tea samples, the consistent visualized pattern recognition results would be obtained by either cosine similarity analysis,or nearest neighbor clusters analysis based on Euclidean distance or principal component analysis. The biochemical patterns of spring shoots varied much differently, but their WIP (Work in process) of fresh scent-flavor Oolong tea could be well classified according to tea cultivars.
The spring shoots harvested from the buds of Tieguanyin, Huangdan, Jinguanyin and Huangguanyin (Camellia sinensis) were used as materials for the experiments, and the contents of predominant biochemical components related to tea taste quality were determined in samples prepared during the period of shoot growth and the process of fresh scent-flavor Oolong tea, which were water extracts, total polyphenols, free amino acids, water soluble sugars,etc.The results showed that the low ratio of tea polyphenols to free amino acids and high caffeine content were the primary characters of tender shoots. As grew into two to four leaves with a banjhi bud, all of the biochemical components contents declined rapidly except for the increase of water soluble sugars.These biochemical components changed more obviously during the period of shoot growth than those in the process of fresh scent-flavor Oolong tea. When given data standardization to the contents of biochemical compositions in each tea samples, the consistent visualized pattern recognition results would be obtained by either cosine similarity analysis,or nearest neighbor clusters analysis based on Euclidean distance or principal component analysis. The biochemical patterns of spring shoots varied much differently, but their WIP (Work in process) of fresh scent-flavor Oolong tea could be well classified according to tea cultivars.
2012, 27(8): 863-868.
Abstract:
A two-dimensional polyarelamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) system was established for proteomic analysis of Kandelia candel roots. Protein extraction, dissolution, loading quantity, IEF and SDS-PAGE parameters in the two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) were optimized. The results showed that phenol method was suitable for the root protein extraction, the protein isoelectric points mainly distributed between pH 4 and 7. The lysis buffer with 2 mmol稬-1 thiourea improved dissolution of protein effectively and the resolution of spectrum for the dissolved protein was increased with 40 mmol稬-1 DTT and 1.5 mg loading amount. The 1089 protein spots were stained with Colloidal coomassie blue and detected by mass spectrometry.
A two-dimensional polyarelamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) system was established for proteomic analysis of Kandelia candel roots. Protein extraction, dissolution, loading quantity, IEF and SDS-PAGE parameters in the two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) were optimized. The results showed that phenol method was suitable for the root protein extraction, the protein isoelectric points mainly distributed between pH 4 and 7. The lysis buffer with 2 mmol稬-1 thiourea improved dissolution of protein effectively and the resolution of spectrum for the dissolved protein was increased with 40 mmol稬-1 DTT and 1.5 mg loading amount. The 1089 protein spots were stained with Colloidal coomassie blue and detected by mass spectrometry.
2012, 27(8): 869-873.
Abstract:
This paper was aimed to investigate effects of different vernalization time on the growth of broad bean.With "Dapengyicun" bean as material, protective enzymes, MDA content and chlorophyll content of horsebean seedlings were tested at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 days treated by vernalization. The results showed that as the increasing of vernalization time, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) all increased firstly and then decreased.SOD and CAT activities peaked at 14 days, while the POD activity was at 21 days; The Malondialdehyde (MDA) content rose slowly at the early stage, then increased substantially at 28 days. No significant difference was detected on chlorophyll content as vernalization time extending.The result showed that vernalization time for bean seedling was the best when controlled around 14 days, not more than 21 days.
This paper was aimed to investigate effects of different vernalization time on the growth of broad bean.With "Dapengyicun" bean as material, protective enzymes, MDA content and chlorophyll content of horsebean seedlings were tested at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 days treated by vernalization. The results showed that as the increasing of vernalization time, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) all increased firstly and then decreased.SOD and CAT activities peaked at 14 days, while the POD activity was at 21 days; The Malondialdehyde (MDA) content rose slowly at the early stage, then increased substantially at 28 days. No significant difference was detected on chlorophyll content as vernalization time extending.The result showed that vernalization time for bean seedling was the best when controlled around 14 days, not more than 21 days.
2012, 27(8): 874-882.
Abstract:
Bacillus has very good biological characteristics due to its stability and high resistance, and then has been widely applied in industry, agriculture and medicine. Collection, preservation, appraisal system and the database of secondary metabolites of Bacillus strains were constructed. The Appraisal System contains the information of fatty acid, rRNA and physiological and biochemical property of Bacillus stains. The data of Secondary Metabolites were obtained from the GC-MS and LC-MS measurements. Then, a screening and evaluation system of microbial pesticides candidate strains will be formed, which can accelerate the screening of Bacillus strains. And then, researching on the strains which may have good potential application will be carried out rapidly and get ready for the industrialization.
Bacillus has very good biological characteristics due to its stability and high resistance, and then has been widely applied in industry, agriculture and medicine. Collection, preservation, appraisal system and the database of secondary metabolites of Bacillus strains were constructed. The Appraisal System contains the information of fatty acid, rRNA and physiological and biochemical property of Bacillus stains. The data of Secondary Metabolites were obtained from the GC-MS and LC-MS measurements. Then, a screening and evaluation system of microbial pesticides candidate strains will be formed, which can accelerate the screening of Bacillus strains. And then, researching on the strains which may have good potential application will be carried out rapidly and get ready for the industrialization.
2012, 27(8): 883-887.
Abstract:
To enhance the capacity of producing fulvic acid (FA) from bagasse fermentation, microorganism strains were isolated and cultured from biohumic substances by determining the capacity of degrading cellulose at high temperature. The strains with aggressive growing and degrading were inoculated further to bagasse for its decomposing. Finally the optimized strain in degradation was selected and identified by 16sDNA, then applied eventually for an industrial trial on bagasse fermentation. The results showed that the majority of strains in isolated humus samples were dominated absolutely by Bacillus. Among those, the highest content of fulvic acid was observed in strain-E identified as Bacillus subtilis with 16sDNA. The FA content produced by Bacillus subtilis in industrial trial of bagasse fermentation was 17.2% that was 20% increased on the FA content produced by CK of the trial (14.3%).
To enhance the capacity of producing fulvic acid (FA) from bagasse fermentation, microorganism strains were isolated and cultured from biohumic substances by determining the capacity of degrading cellulose at high temperature. The strains with aggressive growing and degrading were inoculated further to bagasse for its decomposing. Finally the optimized strain in degradation was selected and identified by 16sDNA, then applied eventually for an industrial trial on bagasse fermentation. The results showed that the majority of strains in isolated humus samples were dominated absolutely by Bacillus. Among those, the highest content of fulvic acid was observed in strain-E identified as Bacillus subtilis with 16sDNA. The FA content produced by Bacillus subtilis in industrial trial of bagasse fermentation was 17.2% that was 20% increased on the FA content produced by CK of the trial (14.3%).
2012, 27(8): 888-894.
Abstract:
Using the grid sampling methodology, 327 cultivated topsoil samples were collected in Fujian for this study. Contents of eight heavy metals(i.e., Cd, Hg, As, Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn and Ni)were determined. The Single Factor Pollution Index (SFPI), Nemerow Integrated Pollution Index and Hacanson Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI) were applied for the soil pollution and risk evaluation. The results showed that the quality of the cultivated soils in the province were generally good. Majority of the sampled soils (86.7%) belonged to the clean and relatively clean categories. The SFPI evaluation showed that Hg and Cd contents exceeded the limits. The PERI assessment indicated that, among all soils sampled, 73.1% were at a low risk, 22.0% at medium risk, 3.98% at high risk, and only 0.92% posted a severe risk. The contribution of various heavy metals on pollution was found to be in the order of: Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Ni>Cr>Zn.
Using the grid sampling methodology, 327 cultivated topsoil samples were collected in Fujian for this study. Contents of eight heavy metals(i.e., Cd, Hg, As, Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn and Ni)were determined. The Single Factor Pollution Index (SFPI), Nemerow Integrated Pollution Index and Hacanson Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI) were applied for the soil pollution and risk evaluation. The results showed that the quality of the cultivated soils in the province were generally good. Majority of the sampled soils (86.7%) belonged to the clean and relatively clean categories. The SFPI evaluation showed that Hg and Cd contents exceeded the limits. The PERI assessment indicated that, among all soils sampled, 73.1% were at a low risk, 22.0% at medium risk, 3.98% at high risk, and only 0.92% posted a severe risk. The contribution of various heavy metals on pollution was found to be in the order of: Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Ni>Cr>Zn.
2012, 27(8): 895-900.
Abstract:
Grass residues and decomposition of nitrogen and phosphorus in grassing orchards were studied by using the harvest quadrat method. The residues of the 4 grasses, Chamaecrista rotundifolia,Paspalum natatum, Paspalum wetsfeteinii and Borreria latisolia, were 406.00, 1 582.28, 1 542.62 and 658.07 g, respectively, accounting for 33.8%, 76.1%, 59.4%, and 100.0% of the total, respectively. The half-decomposition time of the grass residues was 5 months for P. natatum, C. rotundifolia and B.latisolia, while 6 months for P.wetsfeteini. The nitrogen storage of the annual losses of the 4 grass residues were 90.86%, 67.76%, 88.45% and 88.33%, respectively, which equated the annual losses of orchard nitrogen of 81.16, 119.02, 219.68 and 58.71 kg穐m-2, respectively. These were far less than 864 kg穐m-2.The phosphorus storage of the annual losses of the 4 grass residues were 84.46%, 80.32%, 90.90% and 87.22%, respectively, which equated the annual losses of orchard phosphorus of 167.69, 534.96, 604.49 and 343.22 kg穐m-2, respectively. These were less than the amount of adsorbable phosphorus in the cultivated soil.
Grass residues and decomposition of nitrogen and phosphorus in grassing orchards were studied by using the harvest quadrat method. The residues of the 4 grasses, Chamaecrista rotundifolia,Paspalum natatum, Paspalum wetsfeteinii and Borreria latisolia, were 406.00, 1 582.28, 1 542.62 and 658.07 g, respectively, accounting for 33.8%, 76.1%, 59.4%, and 100.0% of the total, respectively. The half-decomposition time of the grass residues was 5 months for P. natatum, C. rotundifolia and B.latisolia, while 6 months for P.wetsfeteini. The nitrogen storage of the annual losses of the 4 grass residues were 90.86%, 67.76%, 88.45% and 88.33%, respectively, which equated the annual losses of orchard nitrogen of 81.16, 119.02, 219.68 and 58.71 kg穐m-2, respectively. These were far less than 864 kg穐m-2.The phosphorus storage of the annual losses of the 4 grass residues were 84.46%, 80.32%, 90.90% and 87.22%, respectively, which equated the annual losses of orchard phosphorus of 167.69, 534.96, 604.49 and 343.22 kg穐m-2, respectively. These were less than the amount of adsorbable phosphorus in the cultivated soil.
2012, 27(8): 901-908.
Abstract:
With the strengthening of human activities, more and more zinc had enter soil system. This course included mining, urbanization, transportation, application of fertilizer and sewage sludge, etc. The soil Zinc pollution had threaten environment and human health, so soil pollution control and remediation was very important. Therefore, this paper reviews the research results on the content, pollution sources, nutrition and toxicity of Zinc. In this paper, harness approaches including engineering control, chemoremediation and bioremediation were summarized. Finally, this summary high lights existing problems of Zinc Pollution and Remediation of Soil System, meanwhile this paper suggests future directions for progress.
With the strengthening of human activities, more and more zinc had enter soil system. This course included mining, urbanization, transportation, application of fertilizer and sewage sludge, etc. The soil Zinc pollution had threaten environment and human health, so soil pollution control and remediation was very important. Therefore, this paper reviews the research results on the content, pollution sources, nutrition and toxicity of Zinc. In this paper, harness approaches including engineering control, chemoremediation and bioremediation were summarized. Finally, this summary high lights existing problems of Zinc Pollution and Remediation of Soil System, meanwhile this paper suggests future directions for progress.
2012, 27(8): 909-912.
Abstract:
Objective:Further to analysis chemical components in the essential oil(EO) of Ganoderma sinense. Methods:EO was extracted using Supercritical CO2 fluid extraction(SFE-CO2) technique from the ultrafine-powder of Ganoderma sinense, and detected by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: 46 compounds were checked out from the EO extract(with 1.47% of extract rate, w/w), and 26 compounds(matching degree >83%) were identified representing 79. 2% of the total EO, including n-Hexadecanoic acid, (E)-9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester, (E)-9- Octadecenoic acid and (E,E)-2,4- Decadienal, 9-Methyl-Z-10-tetradecen-1-ol acetate, 1,8,8-trimethyl-2-(3-oxocyclo- pentenyl)-Tricyclo[3.2.1.0(2,4)]octane-3,3-dicarbonitrile, (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid-2-hydroxy-1- (hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester and E-11-Hexadecen-1-ol and so on. Collusion: The results indicated that chemical components and their relative contents of the EO extracted by SFE-CO2 were different from that by steam distillation(SD) after ether refluxing.
Objective:Further to analysis chemical components in the essential oil(EO) of Ganoderma sinense. Methods:EO was extracted using Supercritical CO2 fluid extraction(SFE-CO2) technique from the ultrafine-powder of Ganoderma sinense, and detected by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: 46 compounds were checked out from the EO extract(with 1.47% of extract rate, w/w), and 26 compounds(matching degree >83%) were identified representing 79. 2% of the total EO, including n-Hexadecanoic acid, (E)-9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester, (E)-9- Octadecenoic acid and (E,E)-2,4- Decadienal, 9-Methyl-Z-10-tetradecen-1-ol acetate, 1,8,8-trimethyl-2-(3-oxocyclo- pentenyl)-Tricyclo[3.2.1.0(2,4)]octane-3,3-dicarbonitrile, (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid-2-hydroxy-1- (hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester and E-11-Hexadecen-1-ol and so on. Collusion: The results indicated that chemical components and their relative contents of the EO extracted by SFE-CO2 were different from that by steam distillation(SD) after ether refluxing.
