2012 Vol. 27, No. 11
Display Method:
2012, 27(11): 1151-1154.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.11.002
Abstract:
Duck hepatitis A virus 1(DHAV-1),FJ-12-20,was isolated from a dead pigeon in Fujian.The strain,which lacked the hemagglutination activity,was identified by using the specific primers of DHAV-1,against those of the duck Tembusu virus,duck reovirus,duck parvirus and goose parvirus.Some Cherry Valley ducks and Muscovy ducks died after being challenged by the allantoic fluid containing FJ-12-20.Those ducks characterized with overt lesions of duck hepatitis.The virus was also successfully recovered from the infected ducks,and confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR.Sequence analysis revealed a high homology(93.5%-99%) existed between FJ-12-20 and DHAV-1 from GenBank.A significantly lower homology(78.4%),on the other hand,was found between FJ-12-20 and the standard strain of DHAV-2 or DHAV-3.Phylogenetic analysis showed that FJ-12-20 was close to DHAV-1,and all of these viruses could be subdivided into an isolated cluster.
Duck hepatitis A virus 1(DHAV-1),FJ-12-20,was isolated from a dead pigeon in Fujian.The strain,which lacked the hemagglutination activity,was identified by using the specific primers of DHAV-1,against those of the duck Tembusu virus,duck reovirus,duck parvirus and goose parvirus.Some Cherry Valley ducks and Muscovy ducks died after being challenged by the allantoic fluid containing FJ-12-20.Those ducks characterized with overt lesions of duck hepatitis.The virus was also successfully recovered from the infected ducks,and confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR.Sequence analysis revealed a high homology(93.5%-99%) existed between FJ-12-20 and DHAV-1 from GenBank.A significantly lower homology(78.4%),on the other hand,was found between FJ-12-20 and the standard strain of DHAV-2 or DHAV-3.Phylogenetic analysis showed that FJ-12-20 was close to DHAV-1,and all of these viruses could be subdivided into an isolated cluster.
2012, 27(11): 1155-1159.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.11.003
Abstract:
The levels of thyroid hormones(T3,T4 and FT3) in female duck serum,fertilized eggs,and 7,11,15,19,22,28-days embryonics of Gaoyou duck and Jinding Duck were analyzed with radioimmunoassay(RIA).The levels of thyroid hormones in fertilized eggs were higher than those in the duck serum.Meanwhile,the levels of thyroid hormones in serum of different ages had almost the same variation trend,which went down after 15 days.The results suggested that thyroid hormones played an important role in early embryonic development of duck.
The levels of thyroid hormones(T3,T4 and FT3) in female duck serum,fertilized eggs,and 7,11,15,19,22,28-days embryonics of Gaoyou duck and Jinding Duck were analyzed with radioimmunoassay(RIA).The levels of thyroid hormones in fertilized eggs were higher than those in the duck serum.Meanwhile,the levels of thyroid hormones in serum of different ages had almost the same variation trend,which went down after 15 days.The results suggested that thyroid hormones played an important role in early embryonic development of duck.
2012, 27(11): 1160-1164.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.11.004
Abstract:
Samples were collected from dead piglets from a swine farm suffered from severe diarrhea in Fujian,2007.To determine the causes of the disease,a virus was isolated from mestenteric lymphnodes of the piglets with ST cells.Obvious CPEs had shown that this virus could proliferate well in ST cells.TCID50,by Reed-Muench,was 10-6.0·(100 μL)-1.The virus was identified to be TGEV with neutralization test,colloidal-gold strips,electronic microscopy and TGEV N gene(1 149 bp) RT-PCR.In comparison with publicated TGEVs in GenBank,homology of nucleotide and amino acid were 95.4% to 99.8% and 96.1% to 100%,respectively.The result indicated that the isolated strain is TGEV,which was first isolated in Fujian,and named as TGEV-FJ strain.
Samples were collected from dead piglets from a swine farm suffered from severe diarrhea in Fujian,2007.To determine the causes of the disease,a virus was isolated from mestenteric lymphnodes of the piglets with ST cells.Obvious CPEs had shown that this virus could proliferate well in ST cells.TCID50,by Reed-Muench,was 10-6.0·(100 μL)-1.The virus was identified to be TGEV with neutralization test,colloidal-gold strips,electronic microscopy and TGEV N gene(1 149 bp) RT-PCR.In comparison with publicated TGEVs in GenBank,homology of nucleotide and amino acid were 95.4% to 99.8% and 96.1% to 100%,respectively.The result indicated that the isolated strain is TGEV,which was first isolated in Fujian,and named as TGEV-FJ strain.
2012, 27(11): 1165-1168.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.11.005
Abstract:
A disease with gosling liver bleeding as the main pathological syndrome occurred in Guangdong Province in 2012.A virus strain named GD-01 was isolated from a dead gosling,which could cause death on the duck embryo within 96 hours.8 days-old Muscovy ducklings infected with GD-01 showed the opisthotonos and liver bleeding before deuth.GD-01 was characterized by RT-PCR using specific primers for duck hepatitis virus A type 1,and an 199 bp fragment was amplified.Genetic analysis showed that the isolated strain belonged to duck hepatitis virus A type 1.
A disease with gosling liver bleeding as the main pathological syndrome occurred in Guangdong Province in 2012.A virus strain named GD-01 was isolated from a dead gosling,which could cause death on the duck embryo within 96 hours.8 days-old Muscovy ducklings infected with GD-01 showed the opisthotonos and liver bleeding before deuth.GD-01 was characterized by RT-PCR using specific primers for duck hepatitis virus A type 1,and an 199 bp fragment was amplified.Genetic analysis showed that the isolated strain belonged to duck hepatitis virus A type 1.
2012, 27(11): 1169-1172.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.11.006
Abstract:
Genetic diversity of M18 parent,Large-female parent,Medium-female parent,Small-female parent and Muscovy ducks was studied using eight microsatellite markers in order to analyze the relationship of microsatellite polymorphisms and the heterosis of growth traits.The result indicated the average effective allele was 2.881,the average polymorphism information content was 0.6331,and the average gene heterozygosity was 0.5181.The genetic distances between muscovy duck with Large-female parent,Medium-female parent,Small-female parent were 0.4452,0.3623,0.3671 and 0.3224 respectively.According to the standard genetic distances,forecast the heterosis of mule duck by the model of logarithmic curve.There were no significant differences between the predicted results and the experimental determination by T test which demonstrated that using genetic polymorphism of microsatellite markers to forecast the heterosis of white-weather mule duck is practicable.
Genetic diversity of M18 parent,Large-female parent,Medium-female parent,Small-female parent and Muscovy ducks was studied using eight microsatellite markers in order to analyze the relationship of microsatellite polymorphisms and the heterosis of growth traits.The result indicated the average effective allele was 2.881,the average polymorphism information content was 0.6331,and the average gene heterozygosity was 0.5181.The genetic distances between muscovy duck with Large-female parent,Medium-female parent,Small-female parent were 0.4452,0.3623,0.3671 and 0.3224 respectively.According to the standard genetic distances,forecast the heterosis of mule duck by the model of logarithmic curve.There were no significant differences between the predicted results and the experimental determination by T test which demonstrated that using genetic polymorphism of microsatellite markers to forecast the heterosis of white-weather mule duck is practicable.
2012, 27(11): 1173-1177.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.11.007
Abstract:
Genetic diversity was analyzed among 15 main male sterile lines of indica hybrid rice from China with 99 pairs of SSR marker evenly distributed in the 12 chromosomes of rice.The results indicated that 71(71.1%) pairs of SSR marker showed polymorphism.There were 171 alleles detected with those 71 pairs of SSR marker.The number of alleles for per locus ranged 2-5 with an average of 2.47.The average of He was 0.716 and average of PIC was 0.393.The 15 main male sterile lines were divided into two groups at genetic distance 0.693.The sterile line Guangzhan 63S could be grouped alone.Another group was composed of four photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines and all main three-line male sterile lines.The clustering results based on SSR analysis was basically consistent with the pedigree of 15 main male sterile lines.
Genetic diversity was analyzed among 15 main male sterile lines of indica hybrid rice from China with 99 pairs of SSR marker evenly distributed in the 12 chromosomes of rice.The results indicated that 71(71.1%) pairs of SSR marker showed polymorphism.There were 171 alleles detected with those 71 pairs of SSR marker.The number of alleles for per locus ranged 2-5 with an average of 2.47.The average of He was 0.716 and average of PIC was 0.393.The 15 main male sterile lines were divided into two groups at genetic distance 0.693.The sterile line Guangzhan 63S could be grouped alone.Another group was composed of four photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines and all main three-line male sterile lines.The clustering results based on SSR analysis was basically consistent with the pedigree of 15 main male sterile lines.
2012, 27(11): 1178-1182.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.11.008
Abstract:
SMART is one of the most important methods for constructing a full-length cDNA library.In order to discover new genes from the peanut testa,the SMART method published previously was modified to improve its efficiency,reduce cost,simplify operation,and minimize test time.Using the optimized protocol,a full-length cDNA library for peanut testa was established.The new method produced an estimated titer of the amplified cDNA library as high as 3.84×109 cfu·mL-1,which was increased from 1.23×106 cfu·mL-1,with a recombinant rate of 93.3%.Furthermore,approximately 70% of the inserts,varying from 1.0 to 2.0 kb with an average size of about 1 100 bp,were obtained.The sequence analysis indicated that the full-length cDNA proportion was as high as 55%.It was concluded that the library was of desirable quality for full-length screening and cloning of the target genes.
SMART is one of the most important methods for constructing a full-length cDNA library.In order to discover new genes from the peanut testa,the SMART method published previously was modified to improve its efficiency,reduce cost,simplify operation,and minimize test time.Using the optimized protocol,a full-length cDNA library for peanut testa was established.The new method produced an estimated titer of the amplified cDNA library as high as 3.84×109 cfu·mL-1,which was increased from 1.23×106 cfu·mL-1,with a recombinant rate of 93.3%.Furthermore,approximately 70% of the inserts,varying from 1.0 to 2.0 kb with an average size of about 1 100 bp,were obtained.The sequence analysis indicated that the full-length cDNA proportion was as high as 55%.It was concluded that the library was of desirable quality for full-length screening and cloning of the target genes.
2012, 27(11): 1183-1188.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.11.009
Abstract:
"Minhua 6" is a breeding variety of peanut released by Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University recently.It was initially approved by Variety Approval Committee of Fujian in 2006 and then authorized by Agricultural Ministry of China in 2009.According to the performances of "Minhua 6" in the tests of regional, production and demonstrations during 2006 to 2010, the variety revealed comprehensively outstanding with steady high yield, flexible adaptability and capable in resistance to Aspergillus flavus.The variety showed the good quality of peanut, especially in high protein content, which will be beneficial in industrial processing.This paper discussed the variety characteristics and its application prospects.
"Minhua 6" is a breeding variety of peanut released by Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University recently.It was initially approved by Variety Approval Committee of Fujian in 2006 and then authorized by Agricultural Ministry of China in 2009.According to the performances of "Minhua 6" in the tests of regional, production and demonstrations during 2006 to 2010, the variety revealed comprehensively outstanding with steady high yield, flexible adaptability and capable in resistance to Aspergillus flavus.The variety showed the good quality of peanut, especially in high protein content, which will be beneficial in industrial processing.This paper discussed the variety characteristics and its application prospects.
2012, 27(11): 1189-1193.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.11.010
Abstract:
To improve the quality of tobacco leaves,72 tobacco leave samples with three grades were collected from 8 aromatic flue-cured tobacco production areas(Anhui Wannan,Guangdong Nanxiong,Henan Xuchang,Henan Luohe,Henan Nanyang,Hunan Liuyang,Hunan Chenzhou and Shandong Weifang) and were analyzed for evaluating their main chemical components.The results showed that the changes of chemical components observed mainly in the aspects of total sugar,reducing sugar,potassium,chlorine,total sugar/nicotine and K/ Cl.The content of total sugar,reducing sugar,potassium and the ratio of sugar/nicotine,K/Cl were higher in the tobacco leave samples from southern production areas(Anhui Wannan,Guangdong Nanxiong,Hunan Liuyang and Hunan Chenzhou) than from the production areas of Yellow River and Huai He River(Henan Xuchang,Henan Luohe,Henan Nanyang,Shandong Weifang).The ratio of K/Cl in samples from four former areas was favorable and the total sugar/nicotine in samples from four latter was appropriate.
To improve the quality of tobacco leaves,72 tobacco leave samples with three grades were collected from 8 aromatic flue-cured tobacco production areas(Anhui Wannan,Guangdong Nanxiong,Henan Xuchang,Henan Luohe,Henan Nanyang,Hunan Liuyang,Hunan Chenzhou and Shandong Weifang) and were analyzed for evaluating their main chemical components.The results showed that the changes of chemical components observed mainly in the aspects of total sugar,reducing sugar,potassium,chlorine,total sugar/nicotine and K/ Cl.The content of total sugar,reducing sugar,potassium and the ratio of sugar/nicotine,K/Cl were higher in the tobacco leave samples from southern production areas(Anhui Wannan,Guangdong Nanxiong,Hunan Liuyang and Hunan Chenzhou) than from the production areas of Yellow River and Huai He River(Henan Xuchang,Henan Luohe,Henan Nanyang,Shandong Weifang).The ratio of K/Cl in samples from four former areas was favorable and the total sugar/nicotine in samples from four latter was appropriate.
2012, 27(11): 1194-1200.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.11.011
Abstract:
The tobacco,Yunyan 202,was introduced and tested in Fujian during 2008-2011.The results showed that Yunyan 202 had the economic characteristics similar to K326,and was highly resistant to TMV and moderately susceptible to the bacterial wilt disease.The flue-cured tobacco leaves of Yunyan 202 had a balanced chemical composition and an appealing appearance like K326.The sensory evaluation showed that Yunyan 202 tobacco had a clean aroma and good smoking quality as well.Thus,it was recommended for wide plantation in the province.
The tobacco,Yunyan 202,was introduced and tested in Fujian during 2008-2011.The results showed that Yunyan 202 had the economic characteristics similar to K326,and was highly resistant to TMV and moderately susceptible to the bacterial wilt disease.The flue-cured tobacco leaves of Yunyan 202 had a balanced chemical composition and an appealing appearance like K326.The sensory evaluation showed that Yunyan 202 tobacco had a clean aroma and good smoking quality as well.Thus,it was recommended for wide plantation in the province.
2012, 27(11): 1201-1204.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.11.012
Abstract:
A.bisporus As2796 is the main cultivar in China.For easily cloning the related target genes,the full-length cDNA library of As2796 was constructed.The library had a content of 3.3×106 cfu·mL-1,an insertion range of about 0.7-4.0 kb,an average cDNA length of 1.5 kb,a recombination efficience of about 82%,and full-length ratio of about 35%.The coding sequences(CDS) of 5 target genes were got from the library by PCR amplification,which proved the validity of the library for amplifying full-length cDNA or CDS of A.bisporus genes in need.
A.bisporus As2796 is the main cultivar in China.For easily cloning the related target genes,the full-length cDNA library of As2796 was constructed.The library had a content of 3.3×106 cfu·mL-1,an insertion range of about 0.7-4.0 kb,an average cDNA length of 1.5 kb,a recombination efficience of about 82%,and full-length ratio of about 35%.The coding sequences(CDS) of 5 target genes were got from the library by PCR amplification,which proved the validity of the library for amplifying full-length cDNA or CDS of A.bisporus genes in need.
2012, 27(11): 1205-1210.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.11.013
Abstract:
This study aimed to improve the withering process in white tea manufacturing in order to enhance the stability,quality and flavor of the tea.The shoots of a bud and one or two leaves from Fuding Dahao tea plant(Camellia sinensis) were used for the experimentation.The effects of temperature and RH during withering of the white tea on the dehydration rate,sensory quality and chemical composition of the tea were investigated.The leaf dehydration was rapid in the beginning of the withering until the weight loss reached 40%.Then,it slowed significantly till the weight loss became 70%,when the dehydration rate leveled off.At a same temperature(25℃,30℃ or 35℃),the higher RH in the withering chamber,the slower the weight loss rate became.But during the prophase of the withering process(i.e.,weight loss at less than 30%),low temperatures accelerated the water loss at constant RH(65%,75% or 85%).The leaf dehydration rate significantly affected the quality,flavor and chemical constituents of the white tea.Higher dehydration rate at high temperatures and low humidity(e.g.,35℃and 65% RH) resulted in higher catechin and lower amino acids content in the tea product.The tea flavor was not as significantly affected,though.At 35℃ and 85% RH,the dehydration slowed down significantly with much decreased catechin and amino acids,but increased caffeine content.At the same time,the "fermented odor" that can ill-affect the delicate tea flavor was generated.Thus,it was concluded that the desirable quality and flavor could be obtained by controlling the dehydration rate of tea leaves during withering process with a moderate RH of 75% at 30-35℃ or 25-30℃.
This study aimed to improve the withering process in white tea manufacturing in order to enhance the stability,quality and flavor of the tea.The shoots of a bud and one or two leaves from Fuding Dahao tea plant(Camellia sinensis) were used for the experimentation.The effects of temperature and RH during withering of the white tea on the dehydration rate,sensory quality and chemical composition of the tea were investigated.The leaf dehydration was rapid in the beginning of the withering until the weight loss reached 40%.Then,it slowed significantly till the weight loss became 70%,when the dehydration rate leveled off.At a same temperature(25℃,30℃ or 35℃),the higher RH in the withering chamber,the slower the weight loss rate became.But during the prophase of the withering process(i.e.,weight loss at less than 30%),low temperatures accelerated the water loss at constant RH(65%,75% or 85%).The leaf dehydration rate significantly affected the quality,flavor and chemical constituents of the white tea.Higher dehydration rate at high temperatures and low humidity(e.g.,35℃and 65% RH) resulted in higher catechin and lower amino acids content in the tea product.The tea flavor was not as significantly affected,though.At 35℃ and 85% RH,the dehydration slowed down significantly with much decreased catechin and amino acids,but increased caffeine content.At the same time,the "fermented odor" that can ill-affect the delicate tea flavor was generated.Thus,it was concluded that the desirable quality and flavor could be obtained by controlling the dehydration rate of tea leaves during withering process with a moderate RH of 75% at 30-35℃ or 25-30℃.
2012, 27(11): 1211-1218.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.11.014
Abstract:
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the pre-storage 1-Methylcyclopropene(1-MCP) treatment on the physiology and quality of sweet persimmons(Diospyros kaki L.cv.Fuyou′ and Diospyros kaki L.cv.Cilang′) harvested at different stages of ripeness and stored at different temperatures.The treatments were conducted with the 1-MCP concentration of 0.50 μL·L-1 or 1.0 μL·L-1 and the fruits stored under either room(approximately 20℃) or refrigerated temperature(approximately 5℃).The results showed that the shelf life of the fruits at Stage I Ripeness could be extended for 14 days stored at room temperature,or 21 days under refrigeration.The 0.50 μL·L–1 1-MCP application kept the fruits,especially those in Stage I Ripeness,fresh in the duration of storage.And,the percentage of acceptable fruits was significantly higher than the control.By combining the low temperature and 0.50 μL·L-1 1-MCP treatment,the textural softening and peel color change to red on the fruits were delayed.The soluble sugar conversion,soluble tannin content,respiration rate,as well as the activities of PG and Cx in the fruits were also reduced.The results suggested that the sweet persimmons at Stage I Ripeness had a better potential than at Stage II Ripeness for an extended shelf life,and that the low temperature and 0.50 μL·L-1 1-MCP treatment could postpone the ripening,and thus,the changes on the fruit's texture and color.
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the pre-storage 1-Methylcyclopropene(1-MCP) treatment on the physiology and quality of sweet persimmons(Diospyros kaki L.cv.Fuyou′ and Diospyros kaki L.cv.Cilang′) harvested at different stages of ripeness and stored at different temperatures.The treatments were conducted with the 1-MCP concentration of 0.50 μL·L-1 or 1.0 μL·L-1 and the fruits stored under either room(approximately 20℃) or refrigerated temperature(approximately 5℃).The results showed that the shelf life of the fruits at Stage I Ripeness could be extended for 14 days stored at room temperature,or 21 days under refrigeration.The 0.50 μL·L–1 1-MCP application kept the fruits,especially those in Stage I Ripeness,fresh in the duration of storage.And,the percentage of acceptable fruits was significantly higher than the control.By combining the low temperature and 0.50 μL·L-1 1-MCP treatment,the textural softening and peel color change to red on the fruits were delayed.The soluble sugar conversion,soluble tannin content,respiration rate,as well as the activities of PG and Cx in the fruits were also reduced.The results suggested that the sweet persimmons at Stage I Ripeness had a better potential than at Stage II Ripeness for an extended shelf life,and that the low temperature and 0.50 μL·L-1 1-MCP treatment could postpone the ripening,and thus,the changes on the fruit's texture and color.
2012, 27(11): 1219-1226.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.11.015
Abstract:
The pollen of camellias of 34 Camellia Sinensis cultivars collected from Fujian and Taiwan were observed morphologically with a scanning electron microscope.The results showed that the camellia pollens from Fujian cultivars were morphologically similar to that from Taiwan.The profile of pollens observed mostly as prolate and split round,nearly round or triangle with three-bore sulcus if viewed from pole point and ranged spacing distribution,which classified as N3P4C5.The length of pollen polar axis ranged from 41.66 to 54.61 μm,and the length of equator axis ranged from 24.76 μm to 31.69 μm.The pollen exine ornamentation was mainly in mimetic reticulate-striate.According to the cluster analysis for pollen morphology,the 34 tea cultivars could be classified into four categories: the first category included Dahongpao,Ruanzhi Oolong,Baiyang Guanyin,Qiqu,Qingxin Oolong,Baiqilan,Baiya Qilan;the second category included Zaoqilan,Jinguanyin,Shanghang Guanyin,Yuanye Guanyin,Jinmian Qilan,Shuixian,Manqilan,Sijichun and Aijiao Oolong,Jinxuan,Baiwen;the third category included Cuiyu,Hongya Guanyin,Rougui,Baijiguan,Benshan,Lvya Guanyin;the fourth category included Daye Oolong,Taimushan wild tea,Xiaoye Qilan,Huangdan,Qingxin Qilan,Shaoqi,Maoxie,Zhuye Qilan,Meizhan,Zhenghe Dabaicha.
The pollen of camellias of 34 Camellia Sinensis cultivars collected from Fujian and Taiwan were observed morphologically with a scanning electron microscope.The results showed that the camellia pollens from Fujian cultivars were morphologically similar to that from Taiwan.The profile of pollens observed mostly as prolate and split round,nearly round or triangle with three-bore sulcus if viewed from pole point and ranged spacing distribution,which classified as N3P4C5.The length of pollen polar axis ranged from 41.66 to 54.61 μm,and the length of equator axis ranged from 24.76 μm to 31.69 μm.The pollen exine ornamentation was mainly in mimetic reticulate-striate.According to the cluster analysis for pollen morphology,the 34 tea cultivars could be classified into four categories: the first category included Dahongpao,Ruanzhi Oolong,Baiyang Guanyin,Qiqu,Qingxin Oolong,Baiqilan,Baiya Qilan;the second category included Zaoqilan,Jinguanyin,Shanghang Guanyin,Yuanye Guanyin,Jinmian Qilan,Shuixian,Manqilan,Sijichun and Aijiao Oolong,Jinxuan,Baiwen;the third category included Cuiyu,Hongya Guanyin,Rougui,Baijiguan,Benshan,Lvya Guanyin;the fourth category included Daye Oolong,Taimushan wild tea,Xiaoye Qilan,Huangdan,Qingxin Qilan,Shaoqi,Maoxie,Zhuye Qilan,Meizhan,Zhenghe Dabaicha.
2012, 27(11): 1227-1230.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.11.016
Abstract:
Contents of soluble sugars and minerals in the fruits of Sijiyou pummelo(Citrus grandis(L.) Osbeck) were determined.The correlation between them during fruit development could help better understand the nutritional regulation of and improve the fertilization practice for the plant.It was found that,during the development of the fruits,the soluble sugars in the flesh increased in mid-August,and all major components accumulated continuously.On the other hand,the contents of N,P,K,Ca,Mg and S in the flesh and peel decreased gradually.A significant correlation appeared to exist between the contents of soluble sugars in flesh and the accumulated K of the individual fruit.
Contents of soluble sugars and minerals in the fruits of Sijiyou pummelo(Citrus grandis(L.) Osbeck) were determined.The correlation between them during fruit development could help better understand the nutritional regulation of and improve the fertilization practice for the plant.It was found that,during the development of the fruits,the soluble sugars in the flesh increased in mid-August,and all major components accumulated continuously.On the other hand,the contents of N,P,K,Ca,Mg and S in the flesh and peel decreased gradually.A significant correlation appeared to exist between the contents of soluble sugars in flesh and the accumulated K of the individual fruit.
2012, 27(11): 1231-1236.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.11.017
Abstract:
Mutants of Ralstonia solanacearum strain FJAT-91 using Tn5 transposon mutagenesis were developed in this paper,which were named FJAT-t582 and FJAT-t583.Colony morphology and attenuation indexes showed that both of the mutants FJAT-t582 and FJAT-t583 were avirulent and their attenuation indexes were over 0.8.A 681 bp fragment of the kanamycin resistance gene was amplified from the two genome DNA of mutants.The insertion sites were located in putative diguanylate phosphodiesterase and type Ⅲ effector protein gene respectively.And they may cause the pathogenicity reduction of the R.solanacearum.
Mutants of Ralstonia solanacearum strain FJAT-91 using Tn5 transposon mutagenesis were developed in this paper,which were named FJAT-t582 and FJAT-t583.Colony morphology and attenuation indexes showed that both of the mutants FJAT-t582 and FJAT-t583 were avirulent and their attenuation indexes were over 0.8.A 681 bp fragment of the kanamycin resistance gene was amplified from the two genome DNA of mutants.The insertion sites were located in putative diguanylate phosphodiesterase and type Ⅲ effector protein gene respectively.And they may cause the pathogenicity reduction of the R.solanacearum.
2012, 27(11): 1237-1241.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.11.018
Abstract:
The aroma detection PDMS-GC-MS was employed to investigate the effect of beta-cypermethrin treatment on Rougui and Shuishan of Oolong tea fresh leaves.The results showed that total quantity of aroma was decreased and kinds of aroma were reduced in fresh leaves.Total aroma quantity of Rougui and Huangdan fresh leaves were decreased by 30.67% and 52.92%,respectively.The total amount of Oolong tea characteristic aroma,α-farnesene and 3,7,11-Trimethyldodeca-1,6,10-trien-3-ol,were decreased by 24.62% and 26.28%,respectively,and The total amount of aroma of Huangdan variety fresh leaves were decreased by 54.12% and 100%,respectively.The content of crude fibre of fresh leaves were also decreased.The thinner of tea plant fresh leaves,the more effect by the same concentration beta-cypermethrin.
The aroma detection PDMS-GC-MS was employed to investigate the effect of beta-cypermethrin treatment on Rougui and Shuishan of Oolong tea fresh leaves.The results showed that total quantity of aroma was decreased and kinds of aroma were reduced in fresh leaves.Total aroma quantity of Rougui and Huangdan fresh leaves were decreased by 30.67% and 52.92%,respectively.The total amount of Oolong tea characteristic aroma,α-farnesene and 3,7,11-Trimethyldodeca-1,6,10-trien-3-ol,were decreased by 24.62% and 26.28%,respectively,and The total amount of aroma of Huangdan variety fresh leaves were decreased by 54.12% and 100%,respectively.The content of crude fibre of fresh leaves were also decreased.The thinner of tea plant fresh leaves,the more effect by the same concentration beta-cypermethrin.
2012, 27(11): 1242-1245.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.11.019
Abstract:
Using different pesticides,effect of controlling the cucumber root-knot nematodes was studied.The efficacy and residue toxicity of the pesticides were evaluated.The results showed that,when only one single application was applied during the cucumber growth period,(a) the control had a disease index of up to 66.67,while veratridine and phoxim had 46.67 and 40,respectively;(b) for azadirachtin,azadirachtin+phoxim or veratridine+phoxim,the disease index was low,but the preventive performance was good;(c) for azadirachtin+phoxim,the maximum preventive effect was 54%,and a significant synergy existed(at P0.05 level);and,(d) all pesticides tested showed varying degrees of improvements on productivity,even the least effective one,veratridine,increased cucumber yield by 19.98%.
Using different pesticides,effect of controlling the cucumber root-knot nematodes was studied.The efficacy and residue toxicity of the pesticides were evaluated.The results showed that,when only one single application was applied during the cucumber growth period,(a) the control had a disease index of up to 66.67,while veratridine and phoxim had 46.67 and 40,respectively;(b) for azadirachtin,azadirachtin+phoxim or veratridine+phoxim,the disease index was low,but the preventive performance was good;(c) for azadirachtin+phoxim,the maximum preventive effect was 54%,and a significant synergy existed(at P0.05 level);and,(d) all pesticides tested showed varying degrees of improvements on productivity,even the least effective one,veratridine,increased cucumber yield by 19.98%.
2012, 27(11): 1246-1249.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.11.020
Abstract:
The inhibitory effects of crude extracts from Chinese medicine herbs,vegetables and ornamental plants on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,Rhizoctonia solani,Alternaria,Phomopsis,Fusarium oxysporumf,Fusarium solani,Sclerotium,Pestalotiopsis,Bipolaris,Peronophythora litchi were studied with the method of plate addition in this study.Our results suggested that garlic crude extracts inhibites the growth of all the tested funguses and the best inhibitory effects on Colletotrichum.gloeosporioides,Peronophythora litchi and Sclerotium were 100%.Meanwhile,the decoction of coptis also had 100% inhibitory effect on Peronophythora litch.and the juices of Mangnolia officinalis,Allium tuberosum,Allium fistulosum and marigold also had some inhibitory effects on tested funguses.
The inhibitory effects of crude extracts from Chinese medicine herbs,vegetables and ornamental plants on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,Rhizoctonia solani,Alternaria,Phomopsis,Fusarium oxysporumf,Fusarium solani,Sclerotium,Pestalotiopsis,Bipolaris,Peronophythora litchi were studied with the method of plate addition in this study.Our results suggested that garlic crude extracts inhibites the growth of all the tested funguses and the best inhibitory effects on Colletotrichum.gloeosporioides,Peronophythora litchi and Sclerotium were 100%.Meanwhile,the decoction of coptis also had 100% inhibitory effect on Peronophythora litch.and the juices of Mangnolia officinalis,Allium tuberosum,Allium fistulosum and marigold also had some inhibitory effects on tested funguses.
2012, 27(11): 1250-1253.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.11.021
Abstract:
Based on the systematic investigations in mango orchards in Fujian Province from 2010 to 2012,10 species of scale insects were collected which belonged to 9 genera,3 families.Aulacaspis tubercularis had caused common and serious harm,3 species caused middle harm and 6 species caused light harm,respectively.The results showed that the natural enemy resources were rich in mango orchard.Encyrtidae(eg.Arrhenophagus chionaspidis) and Aphelinidae(eg.Aphytis sp.) were two crucial parasitoids while Coccinellidae,Cybocephalus nipponicus and Chrysoperla sinica were main predators for scale insects.It is of great significance to protect and make good use of natural enemies to control scale insects.
Based on the systematic investigations in mango orchards in Fujian Province from 2010 to 2012,10 species of scale insects were collected which belonged to 9 genera,3 families.Aulacaspis tubercularis had caused common and serious harm,3 species caused middle harm and 6 species caused light harm,respectively.The results showed that the natural enemy resources were rich in mango orchard.Encyrtidae(eg.Arrhenophagus chionaspidis) and Aphelinidae(eg.Aphytis sp.) were two crucial parasitoids while Coccinellidae,Cybocephalus nipponicus and Chrysoperla sinica were main predators for scale insects.It is of great significance to protect and make good use of natural enemies to control scale insects.
2012, 27(11): 1254-1257.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.11.022
Abstract:
This study aimed to reduce the proportion of slick leaves during bulk tobacco curing.The conventional, intensive baking process was used for comparison.The leaf color at wilting and various band periods was determined.The results showed that the slow roasting produced an improved color at wilting and tobacco quality of the lower leaves, and that the slow roasting at different band periods helped on the baking quality of the upper leaves.By extending the band period, the proportion of roasted tobacco leaf veins of upper leaves and the leaf density were significantly reduced.In addition, the leaf structure was loose, the surface was wrinkled, and the proportion of slick leaf was significantly reduced.
This study aimed to reduce the proportion of slick leaves during bulk tobacco curing.The conventional, intensive baking process was used for comparison.The leaf color at wilting and various band periods was determined.The results showed that the slow roasting produced an improved color at wilting and tobacco quality of the lower leaves, and that the slow roasting at different band periods helped on the baking quality of the upper leaves.By extending the band period, the proportion of roasted tobacco leaf veins of upper leaves and the leaf density were significantly reduced.In addition, the leaf structure was loose, the surface was wrinkled, and the proportion of slick leaf was significantly reduced.
2012, 27(11): 1258-1263.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.11.023
Abstract:
R&D is the power resources for the sustainable development and transformation and upgrading of food processing industry.It has played an indispensable role in Taiwan′s food processing industry including growing,developing,maturity and transformation and upgrading.In this study,the status,characteristics and problems of sci-tech organizing system,R&D system and sci-tech investing system between Fujian and Taiwan were comparatively analyzed,and several suggestions were put forward for the sci-tech supporting system construction of food processing industry in Fujian and the sci-tech cooperation of food processing industry between Taiwan and Fujian on the basis of the succeed example in Taiwan.
R&D is the power resources for the sustainable development and transformation and upgrading of food processing industry.It has played an indispensable role in Taiwan′s food processing industry including growing,developing,maturity and transformation and upgrading.In this study,the status,characteristics and problems of sci-tech organizing system,R&D system and sci-tech investing system between Fujian and Taiwan were comparatively analyzed,and several suggestions were put forward for the sci-tech supporting system construction of food processing industry in Fujian and the sci-tech cooperation of food processing industry between Taiwan and Fujian on the basis of the succeed example in Taiwan.
2012, 27(11): 1264-1268.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.11.024
Abstract:
With discussion on the current state and advantage and disadvantage factors of Wuyishan tea industry,we elaborate the main problems for the rapid and healthy development of tea industry in Wuyishan.The basic ideas and technical countermeasures are proposed as follows:(1)to keep steady tea area and to improve tea yield and quality;(2) constructing tea garden with high standard,standardization and harmless production;(3) improving the level of mechanical processing equipments,introducing clean production;(4) unifying product standards,promoting the brand image;(5) establishing special fund to promote healthy development.
With discussion on the current state and advantage and disadvantage factors of Wuyishan tea industry,we elaborate the main problems for the rapid and healthy development of tea industry in Wuyishan.The basic ideas and technical countermeasures are proposed as follows:(1)to keep steady tea area and to improve tea yield and quality;(2) constructing tea garden with high standard,standardization and harmless production;(3) improving the level of mechanical processing equipments,introducing clean production;(4) unifying product standards,promoting the brand image;(5) establishing special fund to promote healthy development.
2012, 27(11): 1269-1273.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2012.11.025
Abstract:
The cosmopolitan species of eupelmids are very important parasitoids.Some of them have been used in biological control for agricultural and forestry pests and very successful results been obtained.The species of eupelmids in classical taxonomic study have long been treated as a family category under the superfamily Chalcidoidea;about 974 species have been described and divided in 48 genera 3 subfamilies at present.Currently,as more and more studies on taxonomy and phylogeny in Eupelmidae,its monophyletic relationships have been suspected.In this paper,studies on the characters,taxonomic history and phylogeny of Eupelmidae are reviewed;some problems in the taxonomy and phylogeny of Eupelmidae are discussed.Meantime,the outlook on the use of molecular biological techniques for the further taxonomy and phylogeny of Eupelmidae is proposed.
The cosmopolitan species of eupelmids are very important parasitoids.Some of them have been used in biological control for agricultural and forestry pests and very successful results been obtained.The species of eupelmids in classical taxonomic study have long been treated as a family category under the superfamily Chalcidoidea;about 974 species have been described and divided in 48 genera 3 subfamilies at present.Currently,as more and more studies on taxonomy and phylogeny in Eupelmidae,its monophyletic relationships have been suspected.In this paper,studies on the characters,taxonomic history and phylogeny of Eupelmidae are reviewed;some problems in the taxonomy and phylogeny of Eupelmidae are discussed.Meantime,the outlook on the use of molecular biological techniques for the further taxonomy and phylogeny of Eupelmidae is proposed.
