2010 Vol. 25, No. 6
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2010, 25(6): 663-666.
Abstract:
A virus WR strain was isolated from the ducks,which experienced abrupt reduction in egg-laying or died of ovarianhemorrhage.The Muscovy ducks inoculated with the WR strain showed pathological effects similar to that of the field cases.The virus could be recovered from the tissues of the sampled ducks in the wild.The viron of the isolated virus had an enveloping membrane and was 30-50 nm in diameter,as observed under electron microscope.The virus WR strain was sensitive to chloroform,and had no haemagglutination activity on chicken,duck or goose sera at pH 7.2.The virus was tested using RT-PCR,and the positive PCR product sequenced and analyzed.The length of the amplified fragment was about 1kb.The sequenced nucleotide had the greatest homogeneity(i.e.,88.7%) with Tembusu Virus at the nucleotide position 9-777.Phylogenetic analysis of Flaviviridae showed the isolated WR strain appeared to share a common ancestor with Tembusu,Louis encephalitis,Israel turkey meningoencephalomyelitis and Ntaya Viruses.However,it seemed to have its own branch on the evolution tree.The results indicated that the isolated WR strain belonged to the genus Flavirirus,but not a member of any of the known groups in the genus.It might be a new Flavivirus species that has not been reported previously.
A virus WR strain was isolated from the ducks,which experienced abrupt reduction in egg-laying or died of ovarianhemorrhage.The Muscovy ducks inoculated with the WR strain showed pathological effects similar to that of the field cases.The virus could be recovered from the tissues of the sampled ducks in the wild.The viron of the isolated virus had an enveloping membrane and was 30-50 nm in diameter,as observed under electron microscope.The virus WR strain was sensitive to chloroform,and had no haemagglutination activity on chicken,duck or goose sera at pH 7.2.The virus was tested using RT-PCR,and the positive PCR product sequenced and analyzed.The length of the amplified fragment was about 1kb.The sequenced nucleotide had the greatest homogeneity(i.e.,88.7%) with Tembusu Virus at the nucleotide position 9-777.Phylogenetic analysis of Flaviviridae showed the isolated WR strain appeared to share a common ancestor with Tembusu,Louis encephalitis,Israel turkey meningoencephalomyelitis and Ntaya Viruses.However,it seemed to have its own branch on the evolution tree.The results indicated that the isolated WR strain belonged to the genus Flavirirus,but not a member of any of the known groups in the genus.It might be a new Flavivirus species that has not been reported previously.
2010, 25(6): 667-672.
Abstract:
PRRSV-FJ07A strain was isolated and identified.The virus was tested on the Marc-145 cell and subjected to RT-PCR,TCID50,gene sequencing of structural protein and an animal challenge test.The results showed that PRRSV-FJ07A strain belonged to the family of the North American genotype of PRRSV.Its TCID50 was 10-6.5.ml-1.Compared with VR-2332 strain,the homogeneities of nucleotide and amino acid were 89.2%-95.8% and 88.1%-96.2%,respectively,90.1%-99.7% and 88.3%-100.0%,respectively,compared with HUN4 strain,and 63.7%-70.0% and 59.6%-78.9%,respectively,compared to and LV strain.After 3 to 7 days PRRSV-FJ07A innoculation,the 35-day-old piglets showed negative serum antibody of PRRSV and appeared with clinical syndromes of PRRSV infection.The gene sequence of PRRSV-FJ07A has been submitted to Genbank issued with the number of GI: 283100314.
PRRSV-FJ07A strain was isolated and identified.The virus was tested on the Marc-145 cell and subjected to RT-PCR,TCID50,gene sequencing of structural protein and an animal challenge test.The results showed that PRRSV-FJ07A strain belonged to the family of the North American genotype of PRRSV.Its TCID50 was 10-6.5.ml-1.Compared with VR-2332 strain,the homogeneities of nucleotide and amino acid were 89.2%-95.8% and 88.1%-96.2%,respectively,90.1%-99.7% and 88.3%-100.0%,respectively,compared with HUN4 strain,and 63.7%-70.0% and 59.6%-78.9%,respectively,compared to and LV strain.After 3 to 7 days PRRSV-FJ07A innoculation,the 35-day-old piglets showed negative serum antibody of PRRSV and appeared with clinical syndromes of PRRSV infection.The gene sequence of PRRSV-FJ07A has been submitted to Genbank issued with the number of GI: 283100314.
2010, 25(6): 673-676.
Abstract:
A nucleus herd of Landrace pigs for high-performance,specialized line breeding was collected from 6 bloodlines including 12 boars and 100 sows.The breeding result was estimated by a farm test using the closed and open breeding strategy and GBS software.After 5 years and three generations of breeding,the number of days for the pig to reach 100 kg reduced 8.51 days,or 5.20% decrease(P 0.05) with a significant EBV decline(P0.05).The mean living BFT decreased from 13.55 mm to 12.16 mm,or a 10.26% reduction(P0.05) with a significant EBV decline as well(P 0.05).
A nucleus herd of Landrace pigs for high-performance,specialized line breeding was collected from 6 bloodlines including 12 boars and 100 sows.The breeding result was estimated by a farm test using the closed and open breeding strategy and GBS software.After 5 years and three generations of breeding,the number of days for the pig to reach 100 kg reduced 8.51 days,or 5.20% decrease(P 0.05) with a significant EBV decline(P0.05).The mean living BFT decreased from 13.55 mm to 12.16 mm,or a 10.26% reduction(P0.05) with a significant EBV decline as well(P 0.05).
2010, 25(6): 684-688.
Abstract:
A procedure for the development of a male sterile rice,Minke 104S,was established.The low-temperature-sensitive,genic sterile SE152S was used as the main parents.The lower generations of the segregated population obtained through crossing and backcrossing were planted in high altitude Huyuan Village in Shaxian County,where the average day-length was long and temperature low.The sterile lines were generation-added in Hainan Province and Shaxian County to obtain Minke104S with stable infertility.The breeding procedures are presented for possible breeding applications on the development of photo/thermo-sensitive,male sterile rice lines.
A procedure for the development of a male sterile rice,Minke 104S,was established.The low-temperature-sensitive,genic sterile SE152S was used as the main parents.The lower generations of the segregated population obtained through crossing and backcrossing were planted in high altitude Huyuan Village in Shaxian County,where the average day-length was long and temperature low.The sterile lines were generation-added in Hainan Province and Shaxian County to obtain Minke104S with stable infertility.The breeding procedures are presented for possible breeding applications on the development of photo/thermo-sensitive,male sterile rice lines.
2010, 25(6): 689-694.
Abstract:
Photo-thermal characteristics of the hybrid rice,Tianyou 3301,were studied.By comparing the number of days from sowing to heading under different temperatures and day-lengths,as well as an indexing method of using the number of days from sowing to heading under high-temperature-short-day-length conditions,the ecological characteristics of the rice were obtained.The results indicated that Tianyou 3301 had a weak temperature susceptibility(Grade 1-2),medium photosensitivity(Grade 4) and long basic vegetative period(Grade 9).When Tianyou 3301 was planted in safe growth season in Fujian,its photosensitive day-length generally exceeded the critical day-length for promoting heading,and temperature was a determining factor for its growth.When the average environmental temperature increased by 1℃,the vegetative growth stage was shortened by 4.4 d,and the growing season reduced by 8.4 d.The days of field vegetative growth stage and sun exposure during its ripening period were important ecological factors affecting the yield of the rice.
Photo-thermal characteristics of the hybrid rice,Tianyou 3301,were studied.By comparing the number of days from sowing to heading under different temperatures and day-lengths,as well as an indexing method of using the number of days from sowing to heading under high-temperature-short-day-length conditions,the ecological characteristics of the rice were obtained.The results indicated that Tianyou 3301 had a weak temperature susceptibility(Grade 1-2),medium photosensitivity(Grade 4) and long basic vegetative period(Grade 9).When Tianyou 3301 was planted in safe growth season in Fujian,its photosensitive day-length generally exceeded the critical day-length for promoting heading,and temperature was a determining factor for its growth.When the average environmental temperature increased by 1℃,the vegetative growth stage was shortened by 4.4 d,and the growing season reduced by 8.4 d.The days of field vegetative growth stage and sun exposure during its ripening period were important ecological factors affecting the yield of the rice.
2010, 25(6): 695-698.
Abstract:
Quanhua No.9,bred by Quanzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences,was released by Fujian Provincial Crops Approval Committee in 2009.It displayed many desirable traits including high yield potential,yield stability and O/L ratio.The variety also showed many good growth and development characteristics,such as short blooming period,high leaf area index,high net assimilation rate,high dry matter accumulation,large sink,wide source and desirable sink/source relationship.
Quanhua No.9,bred by Quanzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences,was released by Fujian Provincial Crops Approval Committee in 2009.It displayed many desirable traits including high yield potential,yield stability and O/L ratio.The variety also showed many good growth and development characteristics,such as short blooming period,high leaf area index,high net assimilation rate,high dry matter accumulation,large sink,wide source and desirable sink/source relationship.
2010, 25(6): 699-702.
Abstract:
Increasing demand by the food and biomass energy industries has generated a great deal of interest in high-starch sweet potato varieties.This study was to determine the change of amylase content during storage and its correlation with the germination of sweet potatoes.The results showed that all varieties had a peak α-amylase level at harvest and germination.The α-amylase content was stable whether the sweet potatoes were heat-treated or not.The total amylase was constantly low up to 92 days in storage.It increased gradually afterward.The amylase content was lower when subjected to a high-temperature treatment.There was no direct relation found between amylase content and germination rate.However,the high-temperature-treated sweet potatoes had a higher percent of α-amylase during the storage from 112th to 152nd day,as well as a greater sprouting rate than those without the high-temperature treatment.
Increasing demand by the food and biomass energy industries has generated a great deal of interest in high-starch sweet potato varieties.This study was to determine the change of amylase content during storage and its correlation with the germination of sweet potatoes.The results showed that all varieties had a peak α-amylase level at harvest and germination.The α-amylase content was stable whether the sweet potatoes were heat-treated or not.The total amylase was constantly low up to 92 days in storage.It increased gradually afterward.The amylase content was lower when subjected to a high-temperature treatment.There was no direct relation found between amylase content and germination rate.However,the high-temperature-treated sweet potatoes had a higher percent of α-amylase during the storage from 112th to 152nd day,as well as a greater sprouting rate than those without the high-temperature treatment.
2010, 25(6): 703-706.
Abstract:
Total polyphenols content,SOD activity,anti-hydroxy free radical capacity and total antioxidative capacity of 13 fruits from Taiwan were determined.The fruits included Murcott orange and Minnong No.1 grapefruit,which were introduced and popularized in Fujian.The results showed significant differences among the fruits.Mangosteen and guava had the highest antioxidative ability,and Murcott and Minnong No.1 also showed good antioxidative ability.The results could provide valuable information for studying and selecting fruit varieties to be imported from Taiwan.
Total polyphenols content,SOD activity,anti-hydroxy free radical capacity and total antioxidative capacity of 13 fruits from Taiwan were determined.The fruits included Murcott orange and Minnong No.1 grapefruit,which were introduced and popularized in Fujian.The results showed significant differences among the fruits.Mangosteen and guava had the highest antioxidative ability,and Murcott and Minnong No.1 also showed good antioxidative ability.The results could provide valuable information for studying and selecting fruit varieties to be imported from Taiwan.
2010, 25(6): 707-710.
Abstract:
The flower organs and fruit seed of loquat,Zhao Zhong No.6,were studied for their growth and development with the induction of 400 mgL-1 GA3 and 20 mgL-1 CPPU at different growth stages.The study was aimed to understand the mechanism involving the parthenocarpic development,as well as to determine the appropriate time for the induction.The results showed that 100.0% seedless rate was achieved when the induction took place in the flower budding stage,while 0% if the induction was done after anthesis or on the control plant.No significant differences on pit weight,number of pits in young and mature fruit or seed germination rate were found on plants induced after anthesis and the control.It appeared that GA3+CPPU induction on the flower bud enhanced the dichogamy and herkogamy resulting in significant reduction,or total absence,of pollination and fertilization.Without formation of embryo,the loquat fruit would not form pit.Therefore,the time for GA3+CPPU induction in order to produce seedless loquat fruits would be during its budding stage before pollen fertilization.
The flower organs and fruit seed of loquat,Zhao Zhong No.6,were studied for their growth and development with the induction of 400 mgL-1 GA3 and 20 mgL-1 CPPU at different growth stages.The study was aimed to understand the mechanism involving the parthenocarpic development,as well as to determine the appropriate time for the induction.The results showed that 100.0% seedless rate was achieved when the induction took place in the flower budding stage,while 0% if the induction was done after anthesis or on the control plant.No significant differences on pit weight,number of pits in young and mature fruit or seed germination rate were found on plants induced after anthesis and the control.It appeared that GA3+CPPU induction on the flower bud enhanced the dichogamy and herkogamy resulting in significant reduction,or total absence,of pollination and fertilization.Without formation of embryo,the loquat fruit would not form pit.Therefore,the time for GA3+CPPU induction in order to produce seedless loquat fruits would be during its budding stage before pollen fertilization.
2010, 25(6): 711-715.
Abstract:
In order to establish a stable ISSR-PCR reaction system for pitaya,a single factor experiment and orthogonal method was applied for the optimization.The results showed that the optimum concentrations of different components in 20 μL reaction system were 2.0 μL 10×Buffer(with Mg2+),20.0 ng template DNA,0.30 mmolL-1 dNTP,0.35 μmolL-1 primer and 1.5 U Taq DNA polymerase.The optimized annealing temperature was 54.0℃ for the primer(AC)8T.The established ISSR-PCR system was tested on 6 pitaya samples with satisfactory performance.
In order to establish a stable ISSR-PCR reaction system for pitaya,a single factor experiment and orthogonal method was applied for the optimization.The results showed that the optimum concentrations of different components in 20 μL reaction system were 2.0 μL 10×Buffer(with Mg2+),20.0 ng template DNA,0.30 mmolL-1 dNTP,0.35 μmolL-1 primer and 1.5 U Taq DNA polymerase.The optimized annealing temperature was 54.0℃ for the primer(AC)8T.The established ISSR-PCR system was tested on 6 pitaya samples with satisfactory performance.
2010, 25(6): 716-718.
Abstract:
By using 9 high-generation,inbred lines of cherry tomato varieties with distinctively different characteristics among them,39 hybrid combinations were bred for comparison.Among them,the combination T-013(Shengya) showed the most desirable overall characteristics.It grew vigorously,matured in middle-to-early season,and its oval,glossy,red fruits were full-flesh with few seeds,a desirable sweetness of Brix 7.8-8.5,and weighed 12-15g.Field tests on Shengya at various locations rendered a fruit yield ranging from 52000 to 55000 kghm-2,which were 19.3%,20.7% and 18.5% higher than that of the control at Fuzhou,Ningde and Sanming,respectively.
By using 9 high-generation,inbred lines of cherry tomato varieties with distinctively different characteristics among them,39 hybrid combinations were bred for comparison.Among them,the combination T-013(Shengya) showed the most desirable overall characteristics.It grew vigorously,matured in middle-to-early season,and its oval,glossy,red fruits were full-flesh with few seeds,a desirable sweetness of Brix 7.8-8.5,and weighed 12-15g.Field tests on Shengya at various locations rendered a fruit yield ranging from 52000 to 55000 kghm-2,which were 19.3%,20.7% and 18.5% higher than that of the control at Fuzhou,Ningde and Sanming,respectively.
2010, 25(6): 719-722.
Abstract:
Germination rate of the big broad beans soaked under different conditions was studied for optimization.A 4-factor-5-level orthogonal design on concentrations of polyethylene glycol(PEG),boron and molybdenum,and bean soaking time was used for the experiment.The results showed that either by soaking the seeds in a solution containing(a) 24 mgL-1 ammonium molybdate+4 mgL-1 sodium borate+5% PEG for 16 hours,or(b) 8 mgL-1 ammonium molybdate+8 mgL-1 sodium borate+5% PEG for 24 hours,100% germination could be obtained.PEG and soaking time appeared to have the most significant effect on the germination of the big broad beans,and none with the presence of boron or molybdenum.Thus,using 5% PEG to soak the bean seeds for 16 hours was recommended for promoting the germination.
Germination rate of the big broad beans soaked under different conditions was studied for optimization.A 4-factor-5-level orthogonal design on concentrations of polyethylene glycol(PEG),boron and molybdenum,and bean soaking time was used for the experiment.The results showed that either by soaking the seeds in a solution containing(a) 24 mgL-1 ammonium molybdate+4 mgL-1 sodium borate+5% PEG for 16 hours,or(b) 8 mgL-1 ammonium molybdate+8 mgL-1 sodium borate+5% PEG for 24 hours,100% germination could be obtained.PEG and soaking time appeared to have the most significant effect on the germination of the big broad beans,and none with the presence of boron or molybdenum.Thus,using 5% PEG to soak the bean seeds for 16 hours was recommended for promoting the germination.
2010, 25(6): 723-725.
Abstract:
A new variety of longan,Quanlong157,was bred by single plant seedling.The plant had a strong growth potential,early fruiting,easy ear formation and high fruit setting rate.The fruit matured from late August to early September in Quanzhou,Fujian.The fruit was nearly round in shape with brownish-yellow shell and an average single fruit weight of 10.5g.Its flesh was milky white in color,crisp in texture,highly sweet and strongly aromatic with a hint of milk flavor.Its edible rate was 65.9% and soluble solids content 22.7%.
A new variety of longan,Quanlong157,was bred by single plant seedling.The plant had a strong growth potential,early fruiting,easy ear formation and high fruit setting rate.The fruit matured from late August to early September in Quanzhou,Fujian.The fruit was nearly round in shape with brownish-yellow shell and an average single fruit weight of 10.5g.Its flesh was milky white in color,crisp in texture,highly sweet and strongly aromatic with a hint of milk flavor.Its edible rate was 65.9% and soluble solids content 22.7%.
2010, 25(6): 726-730.
Abstract:
The callus induction,subculture and regeneration of tea explants of seeds,cotyledons,leaves,roots and short stems for Camellia.sinensis cv.Fudingdabai were conducted to determine material and means for preserving tea cultivars.The results showed that(a) the tea leaves were the best explant for inducing calli using N6+2,4-D at the concentration of 2.0 mgL-1 as the induction medium;(b) a great deal of calli could be obtained by application of the multiple-subculture technique;and(c) the color of most calli were green on the 20 regeneration media tested,however,roots could be regenerated from the calli only on some of the media.
The callus induction,subculture and regeneration of tea explants of seeds,cotyledons,leaves,roots and short stems for Camellia.sinensis cv.Fudingdabai were conducted to determine material and means for preserving tea cultivars.The results showed that(a) the tea leaves were the best explant for inducing calli using N6+2,4-D at the concentration of 2.0 mgL-1 as the induction medium;(b) a great deal of calli could be obtained by application of the multiple-subculture technique;and(c) the color of most calli were green on the 20 regeneration media tested,however,roots could be regenerated from the calli only on some of the media.
2010, 25(6): 731-735.
Abstract:
Spatial distribution of galls induced by longan leaf-gall midge(Asphondylia sp.) on Dimocarpus longan Lour.was studied.Data were analyzed by means of 6 aggregation indices,Iwao equation and Talylor's power-law.In addition,the sampling and factors considered are also discussed in this paper.The results showed that(1) The galls mainly distributed in primary lateral veins or midveins on the lower leaf surface;frequency of the gall appearances was similar on either side of the midveins;the gall distribution ratio was highest in the middle section,followed by the upper and the lower section on a longan leaf with the galls on midveins mainly located at the upper parts,while on lateral veins the middle section.(2) All indices indicated that the gall spatial distribution was an aggregated pattern;the basic component was the individual colonies,which mutually attracted one another with an aggregation intensity increasing with density.(3) The aggregation was caused by the environmental factors when m4.01,and by the gall's behavior as well as the environmental heterogeneity when m4.01.(4) The gall density was not significantly affected by the facing direction on a tree.It was significantly higher on the middle and lower parts of a tree than the upper part.(5) On the basis of the spatial pattern analysis and Iwao's m*-m regression formulation,the optimal sampling model was established to be N=t2/D2(3.688 4/m+0.197 2),and the theoretical optimum sampling numbers for different gall densities within the allowable error were calculated.
Spatial distribution of galls induced by longan leaf-gall midge(Asphondylia sp.) on Dimocarpus longan Lour.was studied.Data were analyzed by means of 6 aggregation indices,Iwao equation and Talylor's power-law.In addition,the sampling and factors considered are also discussed in this paper.The results showed that(1) The galls mainly distributed in primary lateral veins or midveins on the lower leaf surface;frequency of the gall appearances was similar on either side of the midveins;the gall distribution ratio was highest in the middle section,followed by the upper and the lower section on a longan leaf with the galls on midveins mainly located at the upper parts,while on lateral veins the middle section.(2) All indices indicated that the gall spatial distribution was an aggregated pattern;the basic component was the individual colonies,which mutually attracted one another with an aggregation intensity increasing with density.(3) The aggregation was caused by the environmental factors when m4.01,and by the gall's behavior as well as the environmental heterogeneity when m4.01.(4) The gall density was not significantly affected by the facing direction on a tree.It was significantly higher on the middle and lower parts of a tree than the upper part.(5) On the basis of the spatial pattern analysis and Iwao's m*-m regression formulation,the optimal sampling model was established to be N=t2/D2(3.688 4/m+0.197 2),and the theoretical optimum sampling numbers for different gall densities within the allowable error were calculated.
2010, 25(6): 736-739.
Abstract:
Laboratory toxicity test and field efficacy of three acaricides on Panonychus citri on black plums were conducted.The results showed that the laboratory LC50 of avermectins,pyridaben and avermectins+propargite on P.citri were 0.1596 mgL-1,0.9752 mgL-1 and 23.7307 mgL-1,respectively.Avermectins had the best poisoning effect on the pest.The field efficacy of 5.12 mgL-1 avermectins,64.00 mgL-1 pyridaben or 280.00 mgL-1 avermectins+propargite on P.citri all exceeded 90.00%.The three pesticides all had high lethality to the pest with no phytotoxicity.The b-values of the toxicity regression equations for the three acaricdes differed.The P.citri population sensitivity distributed most evenly with avermectins+propargite,followed by pyridaben and avermectins.It appeared that the laboratory LC50,field efficacy and b-value on the toxicity regression equation could be used as the criteria to evaluate P.citri's sensitivity to acaricides on black plums.
Laboratory toxicity test and field efficacy of three acaricides on Panonychus citri on black plums were conducted.The results showed that the laboratory LC50 of avermectins,pyridaben and avermectins+propargite on P.citri were 0.1596 mgL-1,0.9752 mgL-1 and 23.7307 mgL-1,respectively.Avermectins had the best poisoning effect on the pest.The field efficacy of 5.12 mgL-1 avermectins,64.00 mgL-1 pyridaben or 280.00 mgL-1 avermectins+propargite on P.citri all exceeded 90.00%.The three pesticides all had high lethality to the pest with no phytotoxicity.The b-values of the toxicity regression equations for the three acaricdes differed.The P.citri population sensitivity distributed most evenly with avermectins+propargite,followed by pyridaben and avermectins.It appeared that the laboratory LC50,field efficacy and b-value on the toxicity regression equation could be used as the criteria to evaluate P.citri's sensitivity to acaricides on black plums.
2010, 25(6): 740-744.
Abstract:
Efficiency of controlling Bactrocera dorsalis adults by lures was studied.Trapping methods and different moisture content and sweetness of trapping agent were compared in a small-scale field test.The results indicated that the poisoned mango paste could trap and kill a large number of B.dorsalis adults.By replacing with fresh mango paste daily the number of trapped fruit flies increased significantly.The addition of 10 gL-1 brown sugar,10 mlL-1 honey and 10 gL-1 maltose to the mango paste could significantly increase the trapping effect even further.It seemed apparent that this method of using mango paste for trapping could considerably minimize the pest infestation in the field
Efficiency of controlling Bactrocera dorsalis adults by lures was studied.Trapping methods and different moisture content and sweetness of trapping agent were compared in a small-scale field test.The results indicated that the poisoned mango paste could trap and kill a large number of B.dorsalis adults.By replacing with fresh mango paste daily the number of trapped fruit flies increased significantly.The addition of 10 gL-1 brown sugar,10 mlL-1 honey and 10 gL-1 maltose to the mango paste could significantly increase the trapping effect even further.It seemed apparent that this method of using mango paste for trapping could considerably minimize the pest infestation in the field
2010, 25(6): 745-749.
Abstract:
Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the extraction of alkali-soluble polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera.The factors investigated included alkali concentration,water/substrate ratio and extraction time.A three-level three-factor Box-Behnken design was applied for the experiment.The results showed that the optimum conditions for the alkali-extraction were: temperature at 100℃,alkali concentration of 0.85%,water/substrate ratio of 1/60,and extraction time of 124 min.The resultant extract contained 13.42% polysaccharides.
Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the extraction of alkali-soluble polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera.The factors investigated included alkali concentration,water/substrate ratio and extraction time.A three-level three-factor Box-Behnken design was applied for the experiment.The results showed that the optimum conditions for the alkali-extraction were: temperature at 100℃,alkali concentration of 0.85%,water/substrate ratio of 1/60,and extraction time of 124 min.The resultant extract contained 13.42% polysaccharides.
2010, 25(6): 750-753.
Abstract:
To evaluate the prospect of using a newly developed feather peptide meal as a protein feed,the meal's peptide content and distribution were compared with some protein materials including fish meal,feather powder,cottonseed meal,dephenolized cottonseed meal,monosodium glutamate byproduct,soybean meal,fermented fish meal and rapeseed meal.The results showed that the peptide content in the feather peptide meal,except oligopeptides in the monosodium glutamate byproduct,was higher than all others.Its water-soluble protein content was 34.29% higher,acid-soluble proteins 28.29% higher,and oligopeptides 16.30% higher than fish meal.
To evaluate the prospect of using a newly developed feather peptide meal as a protein feed,the meal's peptide content and distribution were compared with some protein materials including fish meal,feather powder,cottonseed meal,dephenolized cottonseed meal,monosodium glutamate byproduct,soybean meal,fermented fish meal and rapeseed meal.The results showed that the peptide content in the feather peptide meal,except oligopeptides in the monosodium glutamate byproduct,was higher than all others.Its water-soluble protein content was 34.29% higher,acid-soluble proteins 28.29% higher,and oligopeptides 16.30% higher than fish meal.
2010, 25(6): 754-758.
Abstract:
Using broilers raised indoor as control to compare with those in a loquat orchard that was intercropped with Chamaecrista routundifolia,a trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of such practice.The result showed that:(1) The broiler's average daily weight gain was 55.5 g for the orchard-raised group and 58.5 g for the control.After 80 days,the average broiler weight was 2.965 kg for the treatment group,and 3.125 kg for the control.However,the orchard-raised broilers were of more desirable quality demanding a higher market price than those from the control group.The net income increased by 95.04%,as a result.(2) By intercropping C.routundifolia while raising broilers for two consecutive years,the orchard had a total N of 2.217 gkg-1 soil.The practice also reduced pest population,improved weed-control saving on weeding labor,and enhanced soil fertility for the orchard.And,(3) The single fruit weight and soluble solid content of the loquat fruits harvested from the trees in the treatment orchard increased by 13.68% and 12.25%,respectively,in comparison to those from a conventional orchard.
Using broilers raised indoor as control to compare with those in a loquat orchard that was intercropped with Chamaecrista routundifolia,a trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of such practice.The result showed that:(1) The broiler's average daily weight gain was 55.5 g for the orchard-raised group and 58.5 g for the control.After 80 days,the average broiler weight was 2.965 kg for the treatment group,and 3.125 kg for the control.However,the orchard-raised broilers were of more desirable quality demanding a higher market price than those from the control group.The net income increased by 95.04%,as a result.(2) By intercropping C.routundifolia while raising broilers for two consecutive years,the orchard had a total N of 2.217 gkg-1 soil.The practice also reduced pest population,improved weed-control saving on weeding labor,and enhanced soil fertility for the orchard.And,(3) The single fruit weight and soluble solid content of the loquat fruits harvested from the trees in the treatment orchard increased by 13.68% and 12.25%,respectively,in comparison to those from a conventional orchard.
2010, 25(6): 759-765.
Abstract:
Growth conditions of rotting bacteria in municipal sludge were studied.The results showed that the microbial inocula L201 grew well under pH 7.7 at 58-65℃,and the optimal growth temperature for the microbial inocula L301 was 52-55℃.Less air ventilation was required during the initial than the other stages of the aerobic compost in an enclosed chamber.Application of the organic fertilizer LC301 promoted eucalyptus growth.The technology developed in this experiment was suitable for sludge treatment of middle and small municipal wastewater treatment facilities or livestock farms.
Growth conditions of rotting bacteria in municipal sludge were studied.The results showed that the microbial inocula L201 grew well under pH 7.7 at 58-65℃,and the optimal growth temperature for the microbial inocula L301 was 52-55℃.Less air ventilation was required during the initial than the other stages of the aerobic compost in an enclosed chamber.Application of the organic fertilizer LC301 promoted eucalyptus growth.The technology developed in this experiment was suitable for sludge treatment of middle and small municipal wastewater treatment facilities or livestock farms.
2010, 25(6): 766-772.
Abstract:
Statistical monitoring data are critical for promoting science and technology,enhancing competitiveness and improving technical management.This paper uses the information from the National Scientific and Technological Progress Statistics to evaluate the progress in Fujian between 2001 and 2008.By comparing with 11 other provinces in eastern China,projections on the provincial and national sci-tech development in the future applying the gray-forecasting model are presented.Past failures in the development in Fujian and suggestions for improvement are discussed.
Statistical monitoring data are critical for promoting science and technology,enhancing competitiveness and improving technical management.This paper uses the information from the National Scientific and Technological Progress Statistics to evaluate the progress in Fujian between 2001 and 2008.By comparing with 11 other provinces in eastern China,projections on the provincial and national sci-tech development in the future applying the gray-forecasting model are presented.Past failures in the development in Fujian and suggestions for improvement are discussed.
2010, 25(6): 773-778.
Abstract:
This article compares the history,current status,industrial policy,managerial mechanism,technological development and scientific innovation of the health/functional food industries in Taiwan and Mainland.Some thoughts on the industrial development for the future in China and closer cooperation between the two regions are presented.
This article compares the history,current status,industrial policy,managerial mechanism,technological development and scientific innovation of the health/functional food industries in Taiwan and Mainland.Some thoughts on the industrial development for the future in China and closer cooperation between the two regions are presented.
2010, 25(6): 779-782.
Abstract:
The 2007-2009 production of 9 kinds major crops in Fujian was compared with that of other provinces in China based on the comprehensive comparative advantage indices.The results showed that(a) tea and tobacco had a significant comparative advantage;(b) vegetables,fruits and flowers were relatively advantageous;and(c) grains,oil,hemp and sugarcane did not enjoy any apparent advantages over the other provinces.
The 2007-2009 production of 9 kinds major crops in Fujian was compared with that of other provinces in China based on the comprehensive comparative advantage indices.The results showed that(a) tea and tobacco had a significant comparative advantage;(b) vegetables,fruits and flowers were relatively advantageous;and(c) grains,oil,hemp and sugarcane did not enjoy any apparent advantages over the other provinces.
2010, 25(6): 783-787.
Abstract:
Based on the status and characteristics of the incomes of the farmers in Fujian in recent years,this article analyzes the limiting factors for a sustainable income growth,and makes recommendations concerning this issue from five relevant aspects.
Based on the status and characteristics of the incomes of the farmers in Fujian in recent years,this article analyzes the limiting factors for a sustainable income growth,and makes recommendations concerning this issue from five relevant aspects.
2010, 25(6): 788-791.
Abstract:
This paper discusses the current labor quality in rural Fujian.By establishment of a functional legal system and organization,dissemination of technical information and skills,as well as provision of practical training sessions for the farming communities,the quality of the labor market in the province could be substantially improved.
This paper discusses the current labor quality in rural Fujian.By establishment of a functional legal system and organization,dissemination of technical information and skills,as well as provision of practical training sessions for the farming communities,the quality of the labor market in the province could be substantially improved.
2010, 25(6): 792-795.
Abstract:
Establishment of ecologically friendly tea garden is seen as the base for the development of a sustainable tea industry in Fujian.Based on the various problems on ecology induced by the concentrated tea plantation and production,this paper presents some suggestions on the planning,cultivation and management.By using different modes of plantation and requirements of production,ecology-friendly tea gardens in Fujian could be implemented.
Establishment of ecologically friendly tea garden is seen as the base for the development of a sustainable tea industry in Fujian.Based on the various problems on ecology induced by the concentrated tea plantation and production,this paper presents some suggestions on the planning,cultivation and management.By using different modes of plantation and requirements of production,ecology-friendly tea gardens in Fujian could be implemented.
2010, 25(6): 796-800.
Abstract:
Taxology,safety and new applications of monascus pigment are discussed.Recent reports on the culture media and conditions for the monascus submerged cultivation are reviewed.Advances in the studies of the primary and secondary metabolites from the fermentation are also presented.
Taxology,safety and new applications of monascus pigment are discussed.Recent reports on the culture media and conditions for the monascus submerged cultivation are reviewed.Advances in the studies of the primary and secondary metabolites from the fermentation are also presented.
2010, 25(6): 677-683.
Abstract:
It's important to study the mechanisms of the rice floral development,because the rice floral organs provides the basis of the rice grain formation.We found a rice floral organ mutant from tissue culture mutation generations,called function of reproductive organ(fro1(t)).The floret shape of fro1(t) mutant is similar to that of tiny green capsicum with a couple of distorted lemma and palea,but the spekelets cannot bloom even though after heading;the glumes almost degenerated and lodicules are homeotically transformed into leaf-like organ;stamen had a distorted and enlarged filament,and the anter also showed a distorted surface yet without any pollen;the number of stamen is 2-6,and noticely some of that are homeotically transformed into pistil-like organ with stigmas-like structure on the top;the ovary showed a nomal development,but most of styles cause a fusion with 3-4 stigmas.By SEM we found that the gene regulates the determination of the floral meristem and specification of floral organ identity.We carried out fine mapping of the gene responsible for the mutated trait.The result showed that the mutated trait was located on the long arm of rice chromosome 8 between the marker InDel0802 and RM23432,with genetic distance of 0.58 cM and 1.3 cM respectively.All the above suggests that the FRO1(t) gene may be a novel gene which regulates all whorls of floral organs in rice.Study of FRO1(t) will support a key evidence to uncover the molecular mechanisms of the rice floral development.
It's important to study the mechanisms of the rice floral development,because the rice floral organs provides the basis of the rice grain formation.We found a rice floral organ mutant from tissue culture mutation generations,called function of reproductive organ(fro1(t)).The floret shape of fro1(t) mutant is similar to that of tiny green capsicum with a couple of distorted lemma and palea,but the spekelets cannot bloom even though after heading;the glumes almost degenerated and lodicules are homeotically transformed into leaf-like organ;stamen had a distorted and enlarged filament,and the anter also showed a distorted surface yet without any pollen;the number of stamen is 2-6,and noticely some of that are homeotically transformed into pistil-like organ with stigmas-like structure on the top;the ovary showed a nomal development,but most of styles cause a fusion with 3-4 stigmas.By SEM we found that the gene regulates the determination of the floral meristem and specification of floral organ identity.We carried out fine mapping of the gene responsible for the mutated trait.The result showed that the mutated trait was located on the long arm of rice chromosome 8 between the marker InDel0802 and RM23432,with genetic distance of 0.58 cM and 1.3 cM respectively.All the above suggests that the FRO1(t) gene may be a novel gene which regulates all whorls of floral organs in rice.Study of FRO1(t) will support a key evidence to uncover the molecular mechanisms of the rice floral development.
