2010 Vol. 25, No. 3
Display Method:
2010, 25(3): 241-244.
Abstract:
The σC gene of DRVMW9710 was inserted into pPIC9K to construct a recombinant secretory vector,pPIC9K-σC.Then,pPIC9K-σC was transformed into E. coli DH5α.The recombinant vector was identified by PCR,enzymatic analysis and sequencing.The positive plasmid was linearized by Sac I and transformed into GS115 by electroporation.The insert was integrated into genomic DNA of Pichia pastoris by means of homologous recombination.The recombinants with multiple integrated copies of σC were screened using gradient concentration G418,and inducted with methanol.The results of SDS-PAGE and Western-blot showed that the highly expressed protein had an immunoreaction property.
The σC gene of DRVMW9710 was inserted into pPIC9K to construct a recombinant secretory vector,pPIC9K-σC.Then,pPIC9K-σC was transformed into E. coli DH5α.The recombinant vector was identified by PCR,enzymatic analysis and sequencing.The positive plasmid was linearized by Sac I and transformed into GS115 by electroporation.The insert was integrated into genomic DNA of Pichia pastoris by means of homologous recombination.The recombinants with multiple integrated copies of σC were screened using gradient concentration G418,and inducted with methanol.The results of SDS-PAGE and Western-blot showed that the highly expressed protein had an immunoreaction property.
2010, 25(3): 245-250.
Abstract:
ISSR markers were applied to detect the genetic diversities of 47 cultivars of Liriope muscari(Decn.)Bailey.One hundred thirty one bands were amplified with 18 primers,including 83 polymorphic bands.The percentage of the polymorphic bands was 63.4%.By cluster analysis based on ISSR markers using UPGMA,the 47 cultivars were classified into 4 groups.The genetic similarity was from 0.64 to 0.98.As a group,the wild species from Putian had the greatest genetic difference from the landrace.Determined by the cluster analysis,the geographical distribution did not seem to be distinctive.The genetic diversity of L. muscari Bailey appeared to be high,based on our observation.This could provide references for analyzing genetic relationship and utilizing the genetic diversity for agricultural applications.
ISSR markers were applied to detect the genetic diversities of 47 cultivars of Liriope muscari(Decn.)Bailey.One hundred thirty one bands were amplified with 18 primers,including 83 polymorphic bands.The percentage of the polymorphic bands was 63.4%.By cluster analysis based on ISSR markers using UPGMA,the 47 cultivars were classified into 4 groups.The genetic similarity was from 0.64 to 0.98.As a group,the wild species from Putian had the greatest genetic difference from the landrace.Determined by the cluster analysis,the geographical distribution did not seem to be distinctive.The genetic diversity of L. muscari Bailey appeared to be high,based on our observation.This could provide references for analyzing genetic relationship and utilizing the genetic diversity for agricultural applications.
2010, 25(3): 251-259.
Abstract:
The hereditary of yield-related traits in derivative lines from Indica-Japonica crosses of rice under different breeding stages were studied.The additive-dominance genetic model including genotype/environment interaction was used.The results showed that the traits were ubiquitous not only on the genetic main effects but also the genotype/environment interaction effects.Among them,the days from sowing to heading(DSH)and the 1000-seeds weight(SW)of the first deriving generation were mainly controlled by the additive effects.The remaining seven traits were mainly controlled by the dominant effects.The grain weight per plant(GW),seed setting rate(SS)and SW of the second deriving generation were mainly controlled by the dominant effects.The other six traits were mainly controlled by the additive effects.GW,SS,plant height and panicle length of the fourth deriving generation were mainly controlled by the dominant effects.The other five traits were mainly controlled by the additive effects.The genotype/environment interaction analysis indicated that,beside the traits(i.e.,GW,panicle number per plant(PN)and filled grain number per panicle(FGN)of the first deriving generation,the traits(i.e.,DSH,PN and GN)of the second deriving generation and the traits(PN,GN and FGN)of the fourth deriving generation could not detect any additive/environment interaction effects.The other traits all showed additive/environment interaction effects.In addition,the yield-related traits of the differently derived generations all had the dominant/environment interaction effects.
The hereditary of yield-related traits in derivative lines from Indica-Japonica crosses of rice under different breeding stages were studied.The additive-dominance genetic model including genotype/environment interaction was used.The results showed that the traits were ubiquitous not only on the genetic main effects but also the genotype/environment interaction effects.Among them,the days from sowing to heading(DSH)and the 1000-seeds weight(SW)of the first deriving generation were mainly controlled by the additive effects.The remaining seven traits were mainly controlled by the dominant effects.The grain weight per plant(GW),seed setting rate(SS)and SW of the second deriving generation were mainly controlled by the dominant effects.The other six traits were mainly controlled by the additive effects.GW,SS,plant height and panicle length of the fourth deriving generation were mainly controlled by the dominant effects.The other five traits were mainly controlled by the additive effects.The genotype/environment interaction analysis indicated that,beside the traits(i.e.,GW,panicle number per plant(PN)and filled grain number per panicle(FGN)of the first deriving generation,the traits(i.e.,DSH,PN and GN)of the second deriving generation and the traits(PN,GN and FGN)of the fourth deriving generation could not detect any additive/environment interaction effects.The other traits all showed additive/environment interaction effects.In addition,the yield-related traits of the differently derived generations all had the dominant/environment interaction effects.
2010, 25(3): 260-263.
Abstract:
The reproductive system of Quadrastichu erythrinae Kim adults was studied anatomically.The insect's oviposition behavior was also observed.The reproductive system consisted of internal reproductive organs and external genitals.The female adult had a pair of ovaries,a pair of lateral oviducts,a median oviduct,a spermatheca and an ovipositor.The male adult had a pair of testes,a pair of vas deferens,a pair of accessory glands,an ejaculatory duct and a penis.On the average,there were 9-13 ovarioles in an ovary and 3-7 ova in an ovariole,thus,a total of 54-182 ova in a pair of ovaries.The oviposition process included 4 steps,i.e.,locating egg laying place,puncturing and probing,egg depositing,and resting and cleaning.
The reproductive system of Quadrastichu erythrinae Kim adults was studied anatomically.The insect's oviposition behavior was also observed.The reproductive system consisted of internal reproductive organs and external genitals.The female adult had a pair of ovaries,a pair of lateral oviducts,a median oviduct,a spermatheca and an ovipositor.The male adult had a pair of testes,a pair of vas deferens,a pair of accessory glands,an ejaculatory duct and a penis.On the average,there were 9-13 ovarioles in an ovary and 3-7 ova in an ovariole,thus,a total of 54-182 ova in a pair of ovaries.The oviposition process included 4 steps,i.e.,locating egg laying place,puncturing and probing,egg depositing,and resting and cleaning.
2010, 25(3): 264-268.
Abstract:
The kinetics of acid reduction and volatile acid augmentation in the Lactobacillus plantarum R23 malolactic fermentation of loquat wine was established using a four factors quadratic orthogonal design.The factors included inoculation amount of L.plantarum R23(X1),alcohol content in loquat wine(X2),total sulfur dioxide concentration in loquat wine(X3)and fermentation temperature(X4).Their effects on the malolactic fermentation showed that the effect on acid reduction was X1X3X4X2,and that on volatile acid augmentation was X1X4,with no significant effect exerted by either X2 or X3.No significant differences were found(P0.05)between the experimental and regression analysis data of the kinetic models.
The kinetics of acid reduction and volatile acid augmentation in the Lactobacillus plantarum R23 malolactic fermentation of loquat wine was established using a four factors quadratic orthogonal design.The factors included inoculation amount of L.plantarum R23(X1),alcohol content in loquat wine(X2),total sulfur dioxide concentration in loquat wine(X3)and fermentation temperature(X4).Their effects on the malolactic fermentation showed that the effect on acid reduction was X1X3X4X2,and that on volatile acid augmentation was X1X4,with no significant effect exerted by either X2 or X3.No significant differences were found(P0.05)between the experimental and regression analysis data of the kinetic models.
2010, 25(3): 269-273.
Abstract:
Pyrolysis experiments on the bamboo shoot shell were carried out in a custom-designed fluidized bed.The bed applied quartz sand as the fluidizing medium.The effects of temperature,material size,feeding rate,retention time and additives on bio-oil yield were studied.The results showed that the optimal pyrolyis conditions included 0.4% addition of KNO3,temperature at 500℃,material size of 1.0 mm,feeding speed at 50 g/min and retention time of 1s.Under such conditions,the bio-oil yield reached 62.7%.
Pyrolysis experiments on the bamboo shoot shell were carried out in a custom-designed fluidized bed.The bed applied quartz sand as the fluidizing medium.The effects of temperature,material size,feeding rate,retention time and additives on bio-oil yield were studied.The results showed that the optimal pyrolyis conditions included 0.4% addition of KNO3,temperature at 500℃,material size of 1.0 mm,feeding speed at 50 g/min and retention time of 1s.Under such conditions,the bio-oil yield reached 62.7%.
2010, 25(3): 274-280.
Abstract:
Rice pollen development consists of microsporogenesis and male gametogenesis.Within rice anthers,microspore mother cells start on meiosis and then produce microspores,further the microspores develop into mature pollen grains.In the present study,some pollen development related genes have been found,including development of microspore mother cells,anther,pollen mother cell meiosis and male gametogenesis.This article summarizes the research advances on rice genes related to pollen development and their molecular mechanisms.
Rice pollen development consists of microsporogenesis and male gametogenesis.Within rice anthers,microspore mother cells start on meiosis and then produce microspores,further the microspores develop into mature pollen grains.In the present study,some pollen development related genes have been found,including development of microspore mother cells,anther,pollen mother cell meiosis and male gametogenesis.This article summarizes the research advances on rice genes related to pollen development and their molecular mechanisms.
2010, 25(3): 281-285.
Abstract:
The major volatiles in peaches are aldehydes,ketones,alcohols,esters and lactones.Current study showed that the major synthesizing pathway of these compounds was through the β-oxidation metabolism using fatty acids as the precursors.The methods for the isolation,extraction,detection and analysis of the fruits volatile flavors,as well as the new developments are summarized.
The major volatiles in peaches are aldehydes,ketones,alcohols,esters and lactones.Current study showed that the major synthesizing pathway of these compounds was through the β-oxidation metabolism using fatty acids as the precursors.The methods for the isolation,extraction,detection and analysis of the fruits volatile flavors,as well as the new developments are summarized.
2010, 25(3): 286-288.
Abstract:
The antibody of the reticuloendotheliosis virus(REV)was found in 9 flocks of chicken in Fuzhou using a commercial ELISA REV antibody test kit.Four hundred twenty seven serum samples were collected.The results indicated that the positive rate on the tested serum samples was 29.51%(126/427).The antibody could be detected in 7 of the 9 flocks(77.78%).The percentage of positive sera per flock ranged between 0 and 98.36%.Comparison of the positive rates of antibody against REV of different chicken varieties showed the positive antibody rates were highest in broilers(61.18%),with layers second at 15.48%,followed by breeders at 6.60%.There appeared to be no significant correlationship between the positive rate and age or variety of the chickens.In other words,the REV infection was prevalent among chicken flocks in Fuzhou,with a varying degree of susceptibility for chickens of different age or variety.
The antibody of the reticuloendotheliosis virus(REV)was found in 9 flocks of chicken in Fuzhou using a commercial ELISA REV antibody test kit.Four hundred twenty seven serum samples were collected.The results indicated that the positive rate on the tested serum samples was 29.51%(126/427).The antibody could be detected in 7 of the 9 flocks(77.78%).The percentage of positive sera per flock ranged between 0 and 98.36%.Comparison of the positive rates of antibody against REV of different chicken varieties showed the positive antibody rates were highest in broilers(61.18%),with layers second at 15.48%,followed by breeders at 6.60%.There appeared to be no significant correlationship between the positive rate and age or variety of the chickens.In other words,the REV infection was prevalent among chicken flocks in Fuzhou,with a varying degree of susceptibility for chickens of different age or variety.
2010, 25(3): 289-293.
Abstract:
Avian leukosis is one of the main chicken tumor diseases.It causes considerable economic loss for poultry farmers.A new,rapid diagnostic mehtod applying the real-time florescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PT-PCR)was developed for detecting the avian leukosis virus subgroup J(ALV-J).A set of subgroup J special primers for gp85 gene was used.Validations on repeatability,specificity and sensitivity of the methodology showed its potential applicability for clinical diagnosis of ALV-J.
Avian leukosis is one of the main chicken tumor diseases.It causes considerable economic loss for poultry farmers.A new,rapid diagnostic mehtod applying the real-time florescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PT-PCR)was developed for detecting the avian leukosis virus subgroup J(ALV-J).A set of subgroup J special primers for gp85 gene was used.Validations on repeatability,specificity and sensitivity of the methodology showed its potential applicability for clinical diagnosis of ALV-J.
2010, 25(3): 294-297.
Abstract:
Five early restorer lines,including Minghui 2155,and five early CMS-lines,including Zhong 9A,were chosen for the study to understand their combining abilities on yield traits.A 5×5 incomplete diallele cross(NC-Ⅱ)design was employed.The results showed that the variances of the general combining ability(GCA)and the specific combining ability(SCA)were both highly significant on all characteristics.The genetic additive effects were found on the plot yield,panicles per plant,spikelets per panicle and 1000-grain weight(TGW).The characteristics were affected greatly by restorer lines,except seed setting rate(SSR)and TGW.The interaction between parents also played a significant role in SSR.Minghui 2155 had the greatest GCA effects on all yield traits.Among the cross combinations,Zhong 9A×Minghui 2155 showed the greatest SCA effects on yield in the plot test.
Five early restorer lines,including Minghui 2155,and five early CMS-lines,including Zhong 9A,were chosen for the study to understand their combining abilities on yield traits.A 5×5 incomplete diallele cross(NC-Ⅱ)design was employed.The results showed that the variances of the general combining ability(GCA)and the specific combining ability(SCA)were both highly significant on all characteristics.The genetic additive effects were found on the plot yield,panicles per plant,spikelets per panicle and 1000-grain weight(TGW).The characteristics were affected greatly by restorer lines,except seed setting rate(SSR)and TGW.The interaction between parents also played a significant role in SSR.Minghui 2155 had the greatest GCA effects on all yield traits.Among the cross combinations,Zhong 9A×Minghui 2155 showed the greatest SCA effects on yield in the plot test.
2010, 25(3): 298-302.
Abstract:
Major factors and occurrence of meteorological disasters on the seed production of the hybrid rice in Fujian were studied.With the information,optimal choice of geographical locations and mangement of production,as well as full utilization of climatic resources might be obtained.
Major factors and occurrence of meteorological disasters on the seed production of the hybrid rice in Fujian were studied.With the information,optimal choice of geographical locations and mangement of production,as well as full utilization of climatic resources might be obtained.
2010, 25(3): 303-309.
Abstract:
Minhua 6 was bred from the cross between Shanyou 523 and Q6 at Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University.It was released by Fujian Crop Variety Approval Committee in early 2006,and has been certified as a nationally identified new peanut variety by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture in 2009.The variety has shown excellent characteristics of high-yield,high-protein content and medium Aspergillus flavus-resistance in the regional tests on both provincial and national levels.The new breed had more branches on shorter main stalks,more number of pods and mature pods per plant with higher shelling rate than the existing varieties.The oil content of Minhua 6 was 50.08% and the protein content 31.72%.Thus,it belonged to the high-protein peanuts with a combined fat and protein content of 81.8%.The data obtained at the regional tests in Fujian were analyzed using AMMI model indicating that Minhua 6 was of high yield with high environmental adaptability.The pathway analysis on Minhua 6 showed that the contribution level of the agronomic characteristics was in the following order: rate of full podspod number per plant100 pod weightheight of main stalknumber of branchesshelling percentagelength of secondary branches100 kernel weightnumber of branch born pods per plant.
Minhua 6 was bred from the cross between Shanyou 523 and Q6 at Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University.It was released by Fujian Crop Variety Approval Committee in early 2006,and has been certified as a nationally identified new peanut variety by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture in 2009.The variety has shown excellent characteristics of high-yield,high-protein content and medium Aspergillus flavus-resistance in the regional tests on both provincial and national levels.The new breed had more branches on shorter main stalks,more number of pods and mature pods per plant with higher shelling rate than the existing varieties.The oil content of Minhua 6 was 50.08% and the protein content 31.72%.Thus,it belonged to the high-protein peanuts with a combined fat and protein content of 81.8%.The data obtained at the regional tests in Fujian were analyzed using AMMI model indicating that Minhua 6 was of high yield with high environmental adaptability.The pathway analysis on Minhua 6 showed that the contribution level of the agronomic characteristics was in the following order: rate of full podspod number per plant100 pod weightheight of main stalknumber of branchesshelling percentagelength of secondary branches100 kernel weightnumber of branch born pods per plant.
2010, 25(3): 310-313.
Abstract:
Ningshu 10,a new sweet potato variety of high yield type,was bred by crossing between Ningshu 3(♀)and Jinshan 72(♂).The tests showed that the variety had a high yield,high carotene content,high disease resistance and wide adaptability.Its breeding procedures,yield performance and characteristics are described.
Ningshu 10,a new sweet potato variety of high yield type,was bred by crossing between Ningshu 3(♀)and Jinshan 72(♂).The tests showed that the variety had a high yield,high carotene content,high disease resistance and wide adaptability.Its breeding procedures,yield performance and characteristics are described.
2010, 25(3): 314-318.
Abstract:
Using the quadratic regression current rotation compose design of 3 factors and 5 levels,the quantities of nitrogen(X1),phosphorus(X2)and potassium fertilizer(X3)for producing high yield on Quan-yun No.3 potatoes with commercial value were obtained.The results showed that the fertilizations affected the fresh potato production in the order,NK P,in loess hilly and gully regions in the southern Fujian with low soil fertility levels.The impact on the rate of commodity potatoes were KNP.Based on the best agronomy measure for potato production of 25.5 thm-2 and the percentage of commodity-grade potatoes at ≥75.39 % at 95% confidence level,the optimal combination by computer simulation for N was found to be 317.10-328.35 thm-2,P 110.85 thm-2 and K 293.70-331.05 thm-2.
Using the quadratic regression current rotation compose design of 3 factors and 5 levels,the quantities of nitrogen(X1),phosphorus(X2)and potassium fertilizer(X3)for producing high yield on Quan-yun No.3 potatoes with commercial value were obtained.The results showed that the fertilizations affected the fresh potato production in the order,NK P,in loess hilly and gully regions in the southern Fujian with low soil fertility levels.The impact on the rate of commodity potatoes were KNP.Based on the best agronomy measure for potato production of 25.5 thm-2 and the percentage of commodity-grade potatoes at ≥75.39 % at 95% confidence level,the optimal combination by computer simulation for N was found to be 317.10-328.35 thm-2,P 110.85 thm-2 and K 293.70-331.05 thm-2.
2010, 25(3): 319-324.
Abstract:
To understand the potassium(K)absorption and fertilization of potatoes,an experiment was conducted in Southeast Fujian using the winter potatoes.The results showed that the K accumulation in the entire plant and tuber of the potatoes was a Logistic dynamic curve.The vigorous stage of the absorption occurred during the 14d before squaring to the 15d prior to maturation.In the late stage,the tuber acquired K primarily from the leaves.The potato yield correlated to the amount of K application parabolically.Under the test conditions,the economic K application was determined to be 201.6 kghm-2 with an expected yield of 37424 kghm-2.On the average,to produce 1 000 kg tubers 5.4 kg of K fertilization were required.
To understand the potassium(K)absorption and fertilization of potatoes,an experiment was conducted in Southeast Fujian using the winter potatoes.The results showed that the K accumulation in the entire plant and tuber of the potatoes was a Logistic dynamic curve.The vigorous stage of the absorption occurred during the 14d before squaring to the 15d prior to maturation.In the late stage,the tuber acquired K primarily from the leaves.The potato yield correlated to the amount of K application parabolically.Under the test conditions,the economic K application was determined to be 201.6 kghm-2 with an expected yield of 37424 kghm-2.On the average,to produce 1 000 kg tubers 5.4 kg of K fertilization were required.
2010, 25(3): 325-327.
Abstract:
To compare the effect on potato yield and farming income by different cultivation methods,tests were conducted from Winter 2008 to Spring 2009.At the same time,indices of potato yield were also investigated.The results showed that,as compared to the conventional cultivation,the straw core cultivation method significantly increased the proportion of large tubers,or the yield.By using this method,the production per hm2 increased 15.4%,the output value increased 15.4%,the profit increased 18.0%,and resistance to Late Blight(Phytophthora infestansis)also improved as compared to the control.
To compare the effect on potato yield and farming income by different cultivation methods,tests were conducted from Winter 2008 to Spring 2009.At the same time,indices of potato yield were also investigated.The results showed that,as compared to the conventional cultivation,the straw core cultivation method significantly increased the proportion of large tubers,or the yield.By using this method,the production per hm2 increased 15.4%,the output value increased 15.4%,the profit increased 18.0%,and resistance to Late Blight(Phytophthora infestansis)also improved as compared to the control.
2010, 25(3): 328-331.
Abstract:
The effects of sugar concentration,macroelement,paclobutrazol,salicylic acid and culture condition on bulblet formation and enlargement were studied using plantlet of Oriental Lily,'Sorbonne',in test tubes.The results indicated that,at 60 gL-1 sucrose concentration,the most numbers of the bulblets was formed at the rate of 75%.At 120 gL-1 sucrose concentration,the enlargement of micro-bulb was most significant.High macroelement concentrations tended to favor the enlargement as well,but discouraged formation of the bulblet in the test tubes.The 3MS treatment produced the largest bulblets,but the rate of bulblet formation dropped to 14.6%.The addition of 10 mgL-1 paclobutrazol could aid the bulblet formation and enlargement in the test tubes.And,the application of salicylic acid significantly increased the number of the micro-bulbs formed.
The effects of sugar concentration,macroelement,paclobutrazol,salicylic acid and culture condition on bulblet formation and enlargement were studied using plantlet of Oriental Lily,'Sorbonne',in test tubes.The results indicated that,at 60 gL-1 sucrose concentration,the most numbers of the bulblets was formed at the rate of 75%.At 120 gL-1 sucrose concentration,the enlargement of micro-bulb was most significant.High macroelement concentrations tended to favor the enlargement as well,but discouraged formation of the bulblet in the test tubes.The 3MS treatment produced the largest bulblets,but the rate of bulblet formation dropped to 14.6%.The addition of 10 mgL-1 paclobutrazol could aid the bulblet formation and enlargement in the test tubes.And,the application of salicylic acid significantly increased the number of the micro-bulbs formed.
2010, 25(3): 332-335.
Abstract:
The responses and optimum application rate of N,P,K fertilization for Liuyuehong dasheen in Yongding County were studied by field experiments.The results of 10 tests showed that the soil conditions contributed only 58.7% on the dasheen yield.Application of N,P,K increased the yield by 23.7%,14.9% and 14.6%,respectively,on the average,at a statistically significant level.The output/input ratios on N,P and K were 10.9,11.2 and 6.3,respectively.It showed that the fertilization positively affected the yield and income.The optimum application rates were found to be N 167 kghm-2,P2O5 74 kghm-2 and K2O 179 kghm-2 for Liuyuehong dasheen,or at 1:0.44:1.07 in proportion.However,the rate differed on soil of different fertility grades,relating to the content of available nutrients in the soil.
The responses and optimum application rate of N,P,K fertilization for Liuyuehong dasheen in Yongding County were studied by field experiments.The results of 10 tests showed that the soil conditions contributed only 58.7% on the dasheen yield.Application of N,P,K increased the yield by 23.7%,14.9% and 14.6%,respectively,on the average,at a statistically significant level.The output/input ratios on N,P and K were 10.9,11.2 and 6.3,respectively.It showed that the fertilization positively affected the yield and income.The optimum application rates were found to be N 167 kghm-2,P2O5 74 kghm-2 and K2O 179 kghm-2 for Liuyuehong dasheen,or at 1:0.44:1.07 in proportion.However,the rate differed on soil of different fertility grades,relating to the content of available nutrients in the soil.
2010, 25(3): 336-339.
Abstract:
The responses and optimum application rate of NPK fertilizer for the Chinese cabbage were studied by conducting field experiments.The results showed that the average contribution rate of soil fertility to the Chinese cabbage productivity was 47.4%.The Chinese cabbages that received N,P and K increased their yields by 41.26%,14.90% and 25.53%,respectively,on the average.In other words,the effectiveness on productivity improvement was NKP.The output/input ratios on N,P and K were 13.8,13.2 and 9.7,respectively.N fertilizer had a higher output/input ratio than P or K fertilization when the soil fertility was low.On the other hand,the P and K had higher output/input than N in the soil of high fertility.The recommended application rates of NPK for the Chinese cabbages were found to be N 232.0 kghm-2,P2O570.5 kghm-2 and K2O 209.6 kghm-2,or 1:0.3:0.9 in proportion.The predicted output was 33308.7 kghm-2.
The responses and optimum application rate of NPK fertilizer for the Chinese cabbage were studied by conducting field experiments.The results showed that the average contribution rate of soil fertility to the Chinese cabbage productivity was 47.4%.The Chinese cabbages that received N,P and K increased their yields by 41.26%,14.90% and 25.53%,respectively,on the average.In other words,the effectiveness on productivity improvement was NKP.The output/input ratios on N,P and K were 13.8,13.2 and 9.7,respectively.N fertilizer had a higher output/input ratio than P or K fertilization when the soil fertility was low.On the other hand,the P and K had higher output/input than N in the soil of high fertility.The recommended application rates of NPK for the Chinese cabbages were found to be N 232.0 kghm-2,P2O570.5 kghm-2 and K2O 209.6 kghm-2,or 1:0.3:0.9 in proportion.The predicted output was 33308.7 kghm-2.
2010, 25(3): 340-344.
Abstract:
Large seed broad bean-'Dapengyicun' is green grain,sweet,high and stable yield and wide adaptability.Orthogonal design was used to study on the fresh pods yield of Dapengyicun' by foliage spray of different trace elements,topping,branch thinning and flower thinning during its flowering and podding stage.The results showed that spraying of trace elements B or B+Mo,topping,branch thinning,flower thinning could increase the fresh pods yield significantly,and the order of the yield is topping spraying of B+Mo branch thinning flower thinning spraying of B.The yield of topping is 13.38% higher than the no-topping,the yield of spraying of B+Mo is 7.87% higher than the no-spraying,the yield of branch thinning is 5.06% higher than the no-branch-thinning,the yield of flower thinning is 4.16% higher than the no-flower-thinning,the yield of spraying of B is 3.43% higher than the no-spraying.Comprehensive application of regulation technology such as trace elements spraying,topping,branch thinning and flower thinning,can increase the fresh pods yield beyond 28.62%.
Large seed broad bean-'Dapengyicun' is green grain,sweet,high and stable yield and wide adaptability.Orthogonal design was used to study on the fresh pods yield of Dapengyicun' by foliage spray of different trace elements,topping,branch thinning and flower thinning during its flowering and podding stage.The results showed that spraying of trace elements B or B+Mo,topping,branch thinning,flower thinning could increase the fresh pods yield significantly,and the order of the yield is topping spraying of B+Mo branch thinning flower thinning spraying of B.The yield of topping is 13.38% higher than the no-topping,the yield of spraying of B+Mo is 7.87% higher than the no-spraying,the yield of branch thinning is 5.06% higher than the no-branch-thinning,the yield of flower thinning is 4.16% higher than the no-flower-thinning,the yield of spraying of B is 3.43% higher than the no-spraying.Comprehensive application of regulation technology such as trace elements spraying,topping,branch thinning and flower thinning,can increase the fresh pods yield beyond 28.62%.
2010, 25(3): 345-349.
Abstract:
Through a series of cultivations and purifications,a pathogenic fungus was isolated from the dead body of a Homona coffearia Meyrick in a tea plantation.It was subsequently identified to be Beauveria bassiana by means of rDNA-ITS sequencing,and named JYBb201.The colony diameter and sporulation of JYBb201 on three media(i.e.,PDA,PPDA and SDAY)were observed.The results showed that the JYBb201 colonies grew fastest on PDA among the three media with a daily increase of 4.3 mm in diameter.However,the highest sporulation occurred on SDAY after cultivation for 16 days.The virulence of JYBb201 was tested by treating H. coffearia larvae with a suspension of fungal spores at five concentration levels.When the larvae were dealed with a suspension of fungal spores with 2.16?108mL-1 and 4.32?107mL-1 respectively,the two corrected mortalities of larvae were both 94.74% after 9 days.The results indicated that JYBb201 could be a potential pathogenic microorganism for controlling the pest.
Through a series of cultivations and purifications,a pathogenic fungus was isolated from the dead body of a Homona coffearia Meyrick in a tea plantation.It was subsequently identified to be Beauveria bassiana by means of rDNA-ITS sequencing,and named JYBb201.The colony diameter and sporulation of JYBb201 on three media(i.e.,PDA,PPDA and SDAY)were observed.The results showed that the JYBb201 colonies grew fastest on PDA among the three media with a daily increase of 4.3 mm in diameter.However,the highest sporulation occurred on SDAY after cultivation for 16 days.The virulence of JYBb201 was tested by treating H. coffearia larvae with a suspension of fungal spores at five concentration levels.When the larvae were dealed with a suspension of fungal spores with 2.16?108mL-1 and 4.32?107mL-1 respectively,the two corrected mortalities of larvae were both 94.74% after 9 days.The results indicated that JYBb201 could be a potential pathogenic microorganism for controlling the pest.
2010, 25(3): 350-355.
Abstract:
The risk analysis of pests on the imported Cycas revolute seedlings was initiated according to the international standards for phytosanitary measures.Three pests were defined as the quarantine pests,and 15 as the regulated non-quarantine pests.Measures of the risk management on pests in order to minimize possible invasion of the quarantine pests were suggested.
The risk analysis of pests on the imported Cycas revolute seedlings was initiated according to the international standards for phytosanitary measures.Three pests were defined as the quarantine pests,and 15 as the regulated non-quarantine pests.Measures of the risk management on pests in order to minimize possible invasion of the quarantine pests were suggested.
2010, 25(3): 356-362.
Abstract:
Components in the acetone extracts of three varieties of tea were analyzed by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MSD).10,13 and 12 compounds were identified from Anxi Tieguanyin,Fujian Jasmine and Wuyi Rock,respectively.The compounds found commonly in the tea extracts were 1,2,3-benzenetriol,1H-purine-2,6-dione,3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-,phenylethyl alcohol,1,2-benzenediol,3-methoxy-,indole and nerolidol(cis-nerolidol in Wuyi Rock).They differed in quantity,type and content in the extracts.The unique substances in the Anxi Tieguanyin extract included butane,1,1-diethoxy-,pyrazine,methoxy-alpha-and beta-methyl-2-deoxy-D-ribopyranoside,oxalic acid and 2-ethylhexyl pentyl ester.The different constituents in the Fujian Jasmine extract were 2-pentene,4,4-dimethyl-,(E),hexanoic acid,2-propenyl ester,1,6-anhydro-beta-D-glucopyranose,3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol,pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid and 3-methyl-.The unique compounds in the Wuyi Rock extract were 2-pentene,2,3-dimethyl-,benzene,1,3-dimethyl-,1,6,10-dodecatrien-3-ol,3,7,11-trimethyl-,[S-(Z)]-,1,5-dimethyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane,11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid and methyl ester.
Components in the acetone extracts of three varieties of tea were analyzed by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MSD).10,13 and 12 compounds were identified from Anxi Tieguanyin,Fujian Jasmine and Wuyi Rock,respectively.The compounds found commonly in the tea extracts were 1,2,3-benzenetriol,1H-purine-2,6-dione,3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-,phenylethyl alcohol,1,2-benzenediol,3-methoxy-,indole and nerolidol(cis-nerolidol in Wuyi Rock).They differed in quantity,type and content in the extracts.The unique substances in the Anxi Tieguanyin extract included butane,1,1-diethoxy-,pyrazine,methoxy-alpha-and beta-methyl-2-deoxy-D-ribopyranoside,oxalic acid and 2-ethylhexyl pentyl ester.The different constituents in the Fujian Jasmine extract were 2-pentene,4,4-dimethyl-,(E),hexanoic acid,2-propenyl ester,1,6-anhydro-beta-D-glucopyranose,3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol,pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid and 3-methyl-.The unique compounds in the Wuyi Rock extract were 2-pentene,2,3-dimethyl-,benzene,1,3-dimethyl-,1,6,10-dodecatrien-3-ol,3,7,11-trimethyl-,[S-(Z)]-,1,5-dimethyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane,11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid and methyl ester.
2010, 25(3): 363-368.
Abstract:
A genome database of agricultural microorganisms with an emphasis on some special bacteria and a platform for analysis was developed using LAMP(Linux,Apache,MySQL,PHP)environment based on the Web.The structures and the functions of the specific genes could be readily accessed.Bioinformation,such as DNA sequences,for intellectual property rights search could also be obtained through worldwide published genome sequences and techniques.
A genome database of agricultural microorganisms with an emphasis on some special bacteria and a platform for analysis was developed using LAMP(Linux,Apache,MySQL,PHP)environment based on the Web.The structures and the functions of the specific genes could be readily accessed.Bioinformation,such as DNA sequences,for intellectual property rights search could also be obtained through worldwide published genome sequences and techniques.
2010, 25(3): 369-373.
Abstract:
The spatial variability and interpolation of organic matters in the red eroded soil in South China were studied by means of GIS spatial analysis and statistics.The result showed that the organic matter content in the soil was generally low.The content did not vary significantly with the elevation.At high altitudes,the areas with high organic matters constituted approximately 26% of that total area.The content of organic matters increased with steepness of the slope,where it varied from 24.05% to 34.53%.
The spatial variability and interpolation of organic matters in the red eroded soil in South China were studied by means of GIS spatial analysis and statistics.The result showed that the organic matter content in the soil was generally low.The content did not vary significantly with the elevation.At high altitudes,the areas with high organic matters constituted approximately 26% of that total area.The content of organic matters increased with steepness of the slope,where it varied from 24.05% to 34.53%.
2010, 25(3): 374-378.
Abstract:
Methods and theoretical concepts of the emergy analysis are briefly introduced in this paper.Studies on the basic procedures,index systems and research activities on the emergy analysis for forest ecosystem are presented.Its methodologies and comprehensive benefits,as well as some currently popular research topics are also included.
Methods and theoretical concepts of the emergy analysis are briefly introduced in this paper.Studies on the basic procedures,index systems and research activities on the emergy analysis for forest ecosystem are presented.Its methodologies and comprehensive benefits,as well as some currently popular research topics are also included.
2010, 25(3): 379-381.
Abstract:
Lymantria xylina Swinhoe is a major pest of casuarina in Fujian Coastal Protection Forest.It has also become the main pest of Dimocarpus longan Lour.in Xiamen since 2003.The life history,developmental periods and biological characteristics of Lymantria xylina Swinhoe are presented in this paper.The results of our study showed that the pest bred one generation per year in Xiamen,and winterized itself as diapause larvae.Generally,it has seven instars with a larval stage lasting 36 to 51 days.
Lymantria xylina Swinhoe is a major pest of casuarina in Fujian Coastal Protection Forest.It has also become the main pest of Dimocarpus longan Lour.in Xiamen since 2003.The life history,developmental periods and biological characteristics of Lymantria xylina Swinhoe are presented in this paper.The results of our study showed that the pest bred one generation per year in Xiamen,and winterized itself as diapause larvae.Generally,it has seven instars with a larval stage lasting 36 to 51 days.
2010, 25(3): 382-384.
Abstract:
The effects of different basic media(MS、1/2MS、VW、White),different compounds(coconut milk,potato,banana and tryptone)and different 6-BA concentrations(0 mgL-1、0.5 mgL-1、1.0 mgL-1、1.5 mgL-1、2.0 mgL-1)were studied by adopting Phalaenopsis "V31" PLB for explant culture.The results indicated that the optimum induction combination of the Phalaenopsis "V31" PLB was MS+0.5 mgL-1 6-BA+0.2 mgL-1 NAA+4% sucrose+0.2% activated carbon+1.0% agar;the optimum propagation of the PLB was 1/2MS+1.0 mgL-1 6-BA+0.2 mgL-1 NAA+3% sucrose+0.2% activated carbon+1.0% agar.
The effects of different basic media(MS、1/2MS、VW、White),different compounds(coconut milk,potato,banana and tryptone)and different 6-BA concentrations(0 mgL-1、0.5 mgL-1、1.0 mgL-1、1.5 mgL-1、2.0 mgL-1)were studied by adopting Phalaenopsis "V31" PLB for explant culture.The results indicated that the optimum induction combination of the Phalaenopsis "V31" PLB was MS+0.5 mgL-1 6-BA+0.2 mgL-1 NAA+4% sucrose+0.2% activated carbon+1.0% agar;the optimum propagation of the PLB was 1/2MS+1.0 mgL-1 6-BA+0.2 mgL-1 NAA+3% sucrose+0.2% activated carbon+1.0% agar.
