2010 Vol. 25, No. 1
Display Method:
2010, 25(1): 1-7.
Abstract:
By using a transformation-competent artificial chromosome vector pYLTAC747H,we constructed four genes relating to assimilation translocation,including OsSUT5,OsMST4,OsCIN3 and OAAT in the expression vector,pTAC747H-OAAT-SUT5-CIN3-MST4.The entire inserted fragment was approximately 30 kb.By the agrobacterium-mediated transformation,7 independent clones were obtained.PCR detection showed that 4 target genes and one marker gene had been integrated into the rice genome.
By using a transformation-competent artificial chromosome vector pYLTAC747H,we constructed four genes relating to assimilation translocation,including OsSUT5,OsMST4,OsCIN3 and OAAT in the expression vector,pTAC747H-OAAT-SUT5-CIN3-MST4.The entire inserted fragment was approximately 30 kb.By the agrobacterium-mediated transformation,7 independent clones were obtained.PCR detection showed that 4 target genes and one marker gene had been integrated into the rice genome.
2010, 25(1): 8-13.
Abstract:
PCR and RT-PCR were used to investigate the infection caused by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli(EPEC),transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine(TGEV),porcine epidemic diarrhea virus of swine(PEDV) and rotavirus of swine(RDV) in piglets from 16 large-scale swine farms in Fujian in 2009.The result showed that only one farm was infected with the 201bp band of E.coli K88 and the 510bp band of F18ab fimbriae of E.coli eliciting edema disease of piglet.EPEC was not found in other farms.The positive rate of EPEC was 6.25%.There was a farm,in which the 497bp band of TGEV was found with a positive rate of 6.25%.Three farms were found with the 854bp band of PEDV or 342bp band of RDV.Hence,the positive rates of TGEV and RDV were both 18.75%.It was concluded that the EPEC,TGEV,PEDV and RDV diarrhea infection continued to exist in piglets in the large-scale swine farms in Fujian.However,the infection showed up only in separate areas,and the rates were significantly reduced as compared to the previous reports.
PCR and RT-PCR were used to investigate the infection caused by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli(EPEC),transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine(TGEV),porcine epidemic diarrhea virus of swine(PEDV) and rotavirus of swine(RDV) in piglets from 16 large-scale swine farms in Fujian in 2009.The result showed that only one farm was infected with the 201bp band of E.coli K88 and the 510bp band of F18ab fimbriae of E.coli eliciting edema disease of piglet.EPEC was not found in other farms.The positive rate of EPEC was 6.25%.There was a farm,in which the 497bp band of TGEV was found with a positive rate of 6.25%.Three farms were found with the 854bp band of PEDV or 342bp band of RDV.Hence,the positive rates of TGEV and RDV were both 18.75%.It was concluded that the EPEC,TGEV,PEDV and RDV diarrhea infection continued to exist in piglets in the large-scale swine farms in Fujian.However,the infection showed up only in separate areas,and the rates were significantly reduced as compared to the previous reports.
2010, 25(1): 14-17.
Abstract:
Effects of Periplaneta americana on breast meat qualities of broilers were studied.396 male broilers at one-day old were randomly allotted to control group fed with basal diet and three treatment groups fed with Periplaneta americana of 2.0%,1.0% and 0.5%,replacing fish meal in basal diet.There were three replicates with 33 broilers in each group,The experiment was lasted for 70 days.The results showed that significant differences are not observed in pH,drip loss,cooking loss and shear force of breast meat among all groups(P>0.05),there is a tendency of decrease in these indexes as Periplaneta americana is increased in diet(P>0.05).
Effects of Periplaneta americana on breast meat qualities of broilers were studied.396 male broilers at one-day old were randomly allotted to control group fed with basal diet and three treatment groups fed with Periplaneta americana of 2.0%,1.0% and 0.5%,replacing fish meal in basal diet.There were three replicates with 33 broilers in each group,The experiment was lasted for 70 days.The results showed that significant differences are not observed in pH,drip loss,cooking loss and shear force of breast meat among all groups(P>0.05),there is a tendency of decrease in these indexes as Periplaneta americana is increased in diet(P>0.05).
2010, 25(1): 18-22.
Abstract:
The cDNA fragments of DHV-NA were amplified with RT-PCR.Complete genomic sequence was determined and phylogenetic tree was analyzed.The complete genome of DHV-NA was determined to consist of 7692 nucleotides,except Poly(A) tail.The lengths of 5′and 3′uncoding regions were 626 and 316 nucleotides,respectively.There was a single open reading frame(ORF,627-7376nt) encoding 2249 amino acids.Compared to the other DHV-Ⅰstrains(i.e.,R85952,H,DRL-62,C80,03D,JX),the nucleotide sequence homology was 94.3%-96.9% and the amino acids sequence homology was 97.8%-98.8%.Compared to NDHV-90D strain,the homologies of the nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence were 72.6% and 82.3%,respectively.The results indicated that the phylogenetic homology between DHV-NA and other DHV-Ⅰstrains was higher than that between DHV-NA and N-DHV 90D strain.
The cDNA fragments of DHV-NA were amplified with RT-PCR.Complete genomic sequence was determined and phylogenetic tree was analyzed.The complete genome of DHV-NA was determined to consist of 7692 nucleotides,except Poly(A) tail.The lengths of 5′and 3′uncoding regions were 626 and 316 nucleotides,respectively.There was a single open reading frame(ORF,627-7376nt) encoding 2249 amino acids.Compared to the other DHV-Ⅰstrains(i.e.,R85952,H,DRL-62,C80,03D,JX),the nucleotide sequence homology was 94.3%-96.9% and the amino acids sequence homology was 97.8%-98.8%.Compared to NDHV-90D strain,the homologies of the nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence were 72.6% and 82.3%,respectively.The results indicated that the phylogenetic homology between DHV-NA and other DHV-Ⅰstrains was higher than that between DHV-NA and N-DHV 90D strain.
2010, 25(1): 23-26.
Abstract:
Two probiotic bacteria,A40209CDC4(Bacillus subtilis)and A31009NA(Sphingomonas paucimobilis),separated from the microflora in the intestinal duct of cultured European eel(Anguilla anguilla)were used to study the microbial colonization and succession.After being fed once per day the diet containing the two microorganisms for 5 days,the tested eels were asceptically dissected for bacteria isolation from their digestive canal at the 1st,2nd,3rd,4th,5th,7th,9th,15th,20th and 30th days.The result showed that(a) A40209CDC4 could colonize in the stomach for at least 7 days and in the intestines for at least 17 days;(b) A31009NA could colonize in the stomach for at least 4 days and in the intestines for at least 9 days;and(c) the changes of the total bacterial counts in the digestive tracts and those of the A40209CDC4 or A31009NA were parallel.The result indicated that A40209CDC4 and A31009NA could colonize well in the digestive canal of the eel,and could transfer from the stomach to the intestine;the microflora in the intestinal duct of the cultured fish could be considerably affected by feeding the fish with the probiotic bacteria.
Two probiotic bacteria,A40209CDC4(Bacillus subtilis)and A31009NA(Sphingomonas paucimobilis),separated from the microflora in the intestinal duct of cultured European eel(Anguilla anguilla)were used to study the microbial colonization and succession.After being fed once per day the diet containing the two microorganisms for 5 days,the tested eels were asceptically dissected for bacteria isolation from their digestive canal at the 1st,2nd,3rd,4th,5th,7th,9th,15th,20th and 30th days.The result showed that(a) A40209CDC4 could colonize in the stomach for at least 7 days and in the intestines for at least 17 days;(b) A31009NA could colonize in the stomach for at least 4 days and in the intestines for at least 9 days;and(c) the changes of the total bacterial counts in the digestive tracts and those of the A40209CDC4 or A31009NA were parallel.The result indicated that A40209CDC4 and A31009NA could colonize well in the digestive canal of the eel,and could transfer from the stomach to the intestine;the microflora in the intestinal duct of the cultured fish could be considerably affected by feeding the fish with the probiotic bacteria.
2010, 25(1): 27-32.
Abstract:
To explore the role of efflux pump in resistance to antibacterial drugs and the relationship between the extended-spectrum β-lactamase and efflux pump in Escherichia coli.Activities of 10 antibacterial drugs were detected by using 2-fold agar dilution method with or without efflux pump inhibitors,carbonylcyanidem chlorophenylh-dra—zone(CCCP) and Reserpine,in E.coli.After treated with efflux pump inhibitor,Reserpine,the MICs of the positive ESBLs strains decreased on Ampicillin,Ceftriaxone,Cefotaxime and Fosfomycin.The decline in the antimicrobial resistance ranged from 7.7% to 30.7%.But the MICs declined on Ceftriaxone,Cefotaxime,Amikacin and Fosfomycin in the positive ESBLs strains with the addition of CCCP.The decline in the antimicrobial resistance ranged from 15.4% to 46.12%.The rate,which associated with the positive efflux pump,had statistically significant differences in the positive ESBLs strains as compared to Reserpine with CCCP.However,it had no statistically significant differences in the negative ESBLs bacteria.CCCP and Reserpine differed greatly on screening the efflux pump.The rate of postive efflux pump in the positive ESBLs strain was significantly higher than that in the negative ones.There appeared a correlation between the ESBLs and efflux pump.
To explore the role of efflux pump in resistance to antibacterial drugs and the relationship between the extended-spectrum β-lactamase and efflux pump in Escherichia coli.Activities of 10 antibacterial drugs were detected by using 2-fold agar dilution method with or without efflux pump inhibitors,carbonylcyanidem chlorophenylh-dra—zone(CCCP) and Reserpine,in E.coli.After treated with efflux pump inhibitor,Reserpine,the MICs of the positive ESBLs strains decreased on Ampicillin,Ceftriaxone,Cefotaxime and Fosfomycin.The decline in the antimicrobial resistance ranged from 7.7% to 30.7%.But the MICs declined on Ceftriaxone,Cefotaxime,Amikacin and Fosfomycin in the positive ESBLs strains with the addition of CCCP.The decline in the antimicrobial resistance ranged from 15.4% to 46.12%.The rate,which associated with the positive efflux pump,had statistically significant differences in the positive ESBLs strains as compared to Reserpine with CCCP.However,it had no statistically significant differences in the negative ESBLs bacteria.CCCP and Reserpine differed greatly on screening the efflux pump.The rate of postive efflux pump in the positive ESBLs strain was significantly higher than that in the negative ones.There appeared a correlation between the ESBLs and efflux pump.
2010, 25(1): 33-38.
Abstract:
SSR was used to construct the DNA fingerprints and analyze the genetic diversity of 24 hybrid rice cultivars and 18 parental cultivars.Twenty-four SSR primers amplified a total of 74 polymorphic DNA bands,averaging 3.1 bands per primer.Based on the amplification of 24 markers,genetic similarity coefficient of dice was calculated using the software,NTSYS 2.10e,and a dendrogram of genetic relationship was constructed using UPGMA method.The results showed that the genetic similarity among 42 cultivars ranged from 0.60-1.00,that 42 cultivars were classified into six cluster groups with the similarity coefficient of 0.68,and that the genetic relatives among cultivars was well revealed.It would provide a scientific basis for selection of parents for cross breeding rice.A fingerprint of SSR for 42 cultivars at the 12 primer loci was obtained,which would provide scientific data for identification as well as determination of purity of the hybrid rice.
SSR was used to construct the DNA fingerprints and analyze the genetic diversity of 24 hybrid rice cultivars and 18 parental cultivars.Twenty-four SSR primers amplified a total of 74 polymorphic DNA bands,averaging 3.1 bands per primer.Based on the amplification of 24 markers,genetic similarity coefficient of dice was calculated using the software,NTSYS 2.10e,and a dendrogram of genetic relationship was constructed using UPGMA method.The results showed that the genetic similarity among 42 cultivars ranged from 0.60-1.00,that 42 cultivars were classified into six cluster groups with the similarity coefficient of 0.68,and that the genetic relatives among cultivars was well revealed.It would provide a scientific basis for selection of parents for cross breeding rice.A fingerprint of SSR for 42 cultivars at the 12 primer loci was obtained,which would provide scientific data for identification as well as determination of purity of the hybrid rice.
2010, 25(1): 39-46.
Abstract:
Photo-thermal characteristics of 4 hybrid rice were determined by comparing the days from sowing to heading under different temperatures and day light.The results indicated that Ⅱyou 3301,Teyou 3301,Minyou 3301 and Tianyou 3301,the four rice varieties hybridized from Minhui 3301,had a weak temperature susceptibility(Grade 1-2),a medium photosensitivity(Grade 4) and a long basic vegetative period(Grade 9).Among them,Ⅱyou 3301 and Teyou3301 had slightly longer basic vegetative period and slightly weaker photosensitivity,and Minyou 3301 and Tianyou 3301 had slightly shorter basic vegetative period and slightly stronger photosensitivity than the others.Ⅱyou 3301,as compared with Teyou 3301,and Minyou 3301,as compared with Tianyou 3301,had slightly stronger susceptibility and photosensitivity.When four hybrid rice varieties were planted in a safe growth season in Fujian,except for double cropping late rice cultivation in Southern Fujian,the day length during photosensitive period was 13-13.8 h.The natural day length did not lead to a significant early or late heading,and temperature was a major ecological factor during the growth period.When the average temperature increased by 1℃,the time from sowing to spike was shortened by 4.6-5.3 d,from sowing to heading shortened by 6.1-7.1 d,and the entire growing season shortened by 8.7-9.7d.
Photo-thermal characteristics of 4 hybrid rice were determined by comparing the days from sowing to heading under different temperatures and day light.The results indicated that Ⅱyou 3301,Teyou 3301,Minyou 3301 and Tianyou 3301,the four rice varieties hybridized from Minhui 3301,had a weak temperature susceptibility(Grade 1-2),a medium photosensitivity(Grade 4) and a long basic vegetative period(Grade 9).Among them,Ⅱyou 3301 and Teyou3301 had slightly longer basic vegetative period and slightly weaker photosensitivity,and Minyou 3301 and Tianyou 3301 had slightly shorter basic vegetative period and slightly stronger photosensitivity than the others.Ⅱyou 3301,as compared with Teyou 3301,and Minyou 3301,as compared with Tianyou 3301,had slightly stronger susceptibility and photosensitivity.When four hybrid rice varieties were planted in a safe growth season in Fujian,except for double cropping late rice cultivation in Southern Fujian,the day length during photosensitive period was 13-13.8 h.The natural day length did not lead to a significant early or late heading,and temperature was a major ecological factor during the growth period.When the average temperature increased by 1℃,the time from sowing to spike was shortened by 4.6-5.3 d,from sowing to heading shortened by 6.1-7.1 d,and the entire growing season shortened by 8.7-9.7d.
2010, 25(1): 47-52.
Abstract:
With pot-cultivation and drought stress simulation from the panicle initiation to grain filling stage,the effect of drought stress on plant morphological traits and dry matter accumulation of different panicle type rice varieties(more or middle grains per panicle) was studied.The moisture content in soil was monitored by using a W.E.T Sensor(ML2x type) and an electronic balance.The results showed that a moderate drought stress in different stages had varying degrees of influence on the plant morphological traits and dry matter accumulation.The drought stress affected more on the biomass in 15-30d after panicle initiation and 0-15d after flowering,followed by 0-15d after panicle initiation and 15-30d after flowering.Moderate drought stress during panicle initiation affected panicle development and inhibited the elongation of the flag leaf and the 2nd leaf from top.This led to a reduced leaf photosynthesis and plant height.Moderate drought stress during panicle initiation and grain filling also resulted in reduction of biomass and dry matters,as compared to normal water supply.Sensitivity to drought stress varied among different varieties.Thus,the degree of change on plant morphological characteristics and dry matter accumulation differed among them.In general,the effects on super rice varieties were less than those on common hybrid rice variety(e.g.,Shanyou 63).On the rice varieties with more grains per panicle(e.g.,Guodao 6 and Liangyoupeijiu),influence of drought stress on plant morphological traits and dry matter accumulation was less than the rice varieties with less grains per panicle(e.g.,Ⅱ-you 602 and Tianyou 998),indicating the changes were variety-specific.
With pot-cultivation and drought stress simulation from the panicle initiation to grain filling stage,the effect of drought stress on plant morphological traits and dry matter accumulation of different panicle type rice varieties(more or middle grains per panicle) was studied.The moisture content in soil was monitored by using a W.E.T Sensor(ML2x type) and an electronic balance.The results showed that a moderate drought stress in different stages had varying degrees of influence on the plant morphological traits and dry matter accumulation.The drought stress affected more on the biomass in 15-30d after panicle initiation and 0-15d after flowering,followed by 0-15d after panicle initiation and 15-30d after flowering.Moderate drought stress during panicle initiation affected panicle development and inhibited the elongation of the flag leaf and the 2nd leaf from top.This led to a reduced leaf photosynthesis and plant height.Moderate drought stress during panicle initiation and grain filling also resulted in reduction of biomass and dry matters,as compared to normal water supply.Sensitivity to drought stress varied among different varieties.Thus,the degree of change on plant morphological characteristics and dry matter accumulation differed among them.In general,the effects on super rice varieties were less than those on common hybrid rice variety(e.g.,Shanyou 63).On the rice varieties with more grains per panicle(e.g.,Guodao 6 and Liangyoupeijiu),influence of drought stress on plant morphological traits and dry matter accumulation was less than the rice varieties with less grains per panicle(e.g.,Ⅱ-you 602 and Tianyou 998),indicating the changes were variety-specific.
2010, 25(1): 53-57.
Abstract:
Twenty-three accessions of Ardisia crenata Sims germplasm chosen randomly from different geographical locations at Mt.Gushan were used in the genetic diversity analysis by RAPD.The results showed that in the wild population,the number of effective alleles(Ne) was 1.4233,the Nei′s gene diversity(H) was 0.2524,the average number of alleles(Na) was 1.8060 and the Shannon′s index of diversity(I) was 0.3852.The data indicated that the genetic diversity was high in the wild population.Furthermore,their genetic proximity was high suggesting a highly stable heredity.
Twenty-three accessions of Ardisia crenata Sims germplasm chosen randomly from different geographical locations at Mt.Gushan were used in the genetic diversity analysis by RAPD.The results showed that in the wild population,the number of effective alleles(Ne) was 1.4233,the Nei′s gene diversity(H) was 0.2524,the average number of alleles(Na) was 1.8060 and the Shannon′s index of diversity(I) was 0.3852.The data indicated that the genetic diversity was high in the wild population.Furthermore,their genetic proximity was high suggesting a highly stable heredity.
2010, 25(1): 58-60.
Abstract:
Twenty-eight crossed-combinations from 8 high-generation,self-crossed systems were tested.The combination "BAL-22-31?9208B "(Ruyu No.11) displayed superior general characteristics.They included:(a) growing vigorously,(b) the first female flower appearing at about 11 joint,(c) melon being 25-28 cm long and 6.0-7.0 cm in diameter,(d) flesh thickness being about 1.1cm,(e) single fruit averaging more than 400 g,(f) deep-green skin with sheen and round lumps,(g) female flowers on main and side stems blossoming at the same time,(h) bearing large number of fruits with high yield,(i) tolerating high and low temperatures,and(j) resisting to withering.The fruit yield ranged from 51 222 to 105 000kg hm-2,and was 16.7%,18.3%,16.5% and 11.4% higher than that of the local cultivars from Zhangzhou,Yongchuan,Sangmiang and Zhangzhou,respectively.
Twenty-eight crossed-combinations from 8 high-generation,self-crossed systems were tested.The combination "BAL-22-31?9208B "(Ruyu No.11) displayed superior general characteristics.They included:(a) growing vigorously,(b) the first female flower appearing at about 11 joint,(c) melon being 25-28 cm long and 6.0-7.0 cm in diameter,(d) flesh thickness being about 1.1cm,(e) single fruit averaging more than 400 g,(f) deep-green skin with sheen and round lumps,(g) female flowers on main and side stems blossoming at the same time,(h) bearing large number of fruits with high yield,(i) tolerating high and low temperatures,and(j) resisting to withering.The fruit yield ranged from 51 222 to 105 000kg hm-2,and was 16.7%,18.3%,16.5% and 11.4% higher than that of the local cultivars from Zhangzhou,Yongchuan,Sangmiang and Zhangzhou,respectively.
2010, 25(1): 61-66.
Abstract:
Effects of different shading and media for the cultivation of Echinocactus grusonii were studied.The results showed that(1)as seedling age increased,the growth gradually slowed down;(2) compared to the control,the average annual spheroids growth of 1a seedlings under 80% shading throughout the year increased by 1.2cm(PPPPPP<0.01)as compared with the control.
Effects of different shading and media for the cultivation of Echinocactus grusonii were studied.The results showed that(1)as seedling age increased,the growth gradually slowed down;(2) compared to the control,the average annual spheroids growth of 1a seedlings under 80% shading throughout the year increased by 1.2cm(PPPPPP<0.01)as compared with the control.
2010, 25(1): 67-71.
Abstract:
Changes of biochemical composition of black tea,Dangui,in processing were investigated.The results indicated that(a) the water extract and tea polyphenols in Dangui decreased gradually;(b) the amino acids content increased in the beginning,but decreased in the later stage;(c) the ratio of polyphenols to amino acid decreased;(d) the contents of TFs,TRs and TB as well as the total amount of the three tea pigments increased gradually;(e) the total catechins content in the finished black tea decreased considerably,only 1/10 of what was in the fresh leaves;and(f) the individual catechins also decreased,with the greatest reduction on epigallocatechine gallate followed by epigallocatechine,gallocatechine gallate,epicatechine gallate,epicatechine and D,L-catechine.Sensory evaluation showed that the beverage steeped from Dangui black tea had a strong sweet note,attractive reddish color,a mellow but flavorful aroma and excellent general quality.
Changes of biochemical composition of black tea,Dangui,in processing were investigated.The results indicated that(a) the water extract and tea polyphenols in Dangui decreased gradually;(b) the amino acids content increased in the beginning,but decreased in the later stage;(c) the ratio of polyphenols to amino acid decreased;(d) the contents of TFs,TRs and TB as well as the total amount of the three tea pigments increased gradually;(e) the total catechins content in the finished black tea decreased considerably,only 1/10 of what was in the fresh leaves;and(f) the individual catechins also decreased,with the greatest reduction on epigallocatechine gallate followed by epigallocatechine,gallocatechine gallate,epicatechine gallate,epicatechine and D,L-catechine.Sensory evaluation showed that the beverage steeped from Dangui black tea had a strong sweet note,attractive reddish color,a mellow but flavorful aroma and excellent general quality.
2010, 25(1): 72-76.
Abstract:
In the storage at 22-30℃ and 75%-85% RH,tomatoes were treated by 60μLL-1 or 100μLL-1 nitric oxide(NO).The effect of the fumigation on weight loss,titratable acid,soluble solids,flesh firmness,decay rate and color change of the postharvest tomatoes was determined.The results showed that,at room temperature,(a) the weight loss,titratable acid and soluble solids could be effectively controlled;(b) the flesh firmness and decay rate were reduced;and,(c) at 60μLL-1,NO inhibited the fruit from turning red.It appeared that fumigation with appropriate NO concentration could delay fruit's maturation and aging process,and thereby,improve the quality and the commercial value of the post-harvest tomatoes.
In the storage at 22-30℃ and 75%-85% RH,tomatoes were treated by 60μLL-1 or 100μLL-1 nitric oxide(NO).The effect of the fumigation on weight loss,titratable acid,soluble solids,flesh firmness,decay rate and color change of the postharvest tomatoes was determined.The results showed that,at room temperature,(a) the weight loss,titratable acid and soluble solids could be effectively controlled;(b) the flesh firmness and decay rate were reduced;and,(c) at 60μLL-1,NO inhibited the fruit from turning red.It appeared that fumigation with appropriate NO concentration could delay fruit's maturation and aging process,and thereby,improve the quality and the commercial value of the post-harvest tomatoes.
2010, 25(1): 77-81.
Abstract:
A rapid and convenient pre-treatment method for the detection of p-hydroxy benzoate,a category of commonly used food preservatives including methyl ester,ethyl ester,propyl ester and butyl ester,was developed.Samples were extracted using an accelerating solvent extraction device(ASE) with a cyclohexane-acetoacetate mixture(1:1,v/v) as the solvent.The extracted mixtures were then purified by chromatograph of gel permeation(GPC) and assayed by using the detector GC-FID.A satisfactory linear relationship was found in the range of 0.5-40.0 mgkg-1 for 4 parabens.The sensitivity on 5.0g sample was 0.5 mgkg-1,0.5 mgkg-1,0.6 mgkg-1 and 0.6 mgkg-1,(S/N≥3).The average recovery rates ranged between 85%-110%,and RSD was less than 10%.Compared to the currently available method,this newly developed method had a high sensitivity,selectivity,recovery rate and reliability.It was also simple and quick to operate and suitable for analytical applications.
A rapid and convenient pre-treatment method for the detection of p-hydroxy benzoate,a category of commonly used food preservatives including methyl ester,ethyl ester,propyl ester and butyl ester,was developed.Samples were extracted using an accelerating solvent extraction device(ASE) with a cyclohexane-acetoacetate mixture(1:1,v/v) as the solvent.The extracted mixtures were then purified by chromatograph of gel permeation(GPC) and assayed by using the detector GC-FID.A satisfactory linear relationship was found in the range of 0.5-40.0 mgkg-1 for 4 parabens.The sensitivity on 5.0g sample was 0.5 mgkg-1,0.5 mgkg-1,0.6 mgkg-1 and 0.6 mgkg-1,(S/N≥3).The average recovery rates ranged between 85%-110%,and RSD was less than 10%.Compared to the currently available method,this newly developed method had a high sensitivity,selectivity,recovery rate and reliability.It was also simple and quick to operate and suitable for analytical applications.
2010, 25(1): 82-85.
Abstract:
DNA in red paddy soil was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) through specific primers of 16S rDNA gene of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizer.PCR product was purified,cloned and sequenced.A 502 bp sequence of 16S rDNA gene of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizer belonging to Planctomycetes was obtained.Quantity of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizer in the red paddy soil during the rice growing season was monitored by the real-time PCR.The standard curve was made using the plasmid DNA with this rDNA sequence.The results showed that anaerobic ammonia-oxidizers existed in the surface as well as the root zone of the red paddy soil.The quantity changed during the rice growth season.The quantity of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizers in the surface soil increased gradually during the growing season.On the other hand,in the root zone,the number of the bacteria in the soil increased only at the late stage after booting.The anaerobic ammonia-oxidizers might contribute to the nitrification in the red paddy soil.
DNA in red paddy soil was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) through specific primers of 16S rDNA gene of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizer.PCR product was purified,cloned and sequenced.A 502 bp sequence of 16S rDNA gene of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizer belonging to Planctomycetes was obtained.Quantity of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizer in the red paddy soil during the rice growing season was monitored by the real-time PCR.The standard curve was made using the plasmid DNA with this rDNA sequence.The results showed that anaerobic ammonia-oxidizers existed in the surface as well as the root zone of the red paddy soil.The quantity changed during the rice growth season.The quantity of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizers in the surface soil increased gradually during the growing season.On the other hand,in the root zone,the number of the bacteria in the soil increased only at the late stage after booting.The anaerobic ammonia-oxidizers might contribute to the nitrification in the red paddy soil.
2010, 25(1): 86-89.
Abstract:
This study analyzed the composition of the anaerobic fermentation residues(AFR) from different biogas digesters to provide data for the safe utilization of the material.The results showed that ① all nutrients in the biogas liquid were significantly lower than those in the sediment,especially in regard to the organic matters,humic acid,crude fiber,vitamin C and dry matters found in the liquid which were merely 2-5% of those in the residue;② the hygienic indices of the biogas liquid were significantly better than those of the residue,the harmful components in the fluid were significantly less than the residue.
This study analyzed the composition of the anaerobic fermentation residues(AFR) from different biogas digesters to provide data for the safe utilization of the material.The results showed that ① all nutrients in the biogas liquid were significantly lower than those in the sediment,especially in regard to the organic matters,humic acid,crude fiber,vitamin C and dry matters found in the liquid which were merely 2-5% of those in the residue;② the hygienic indices of the biogas liquid were significantly better than those of the residue,the harmful components in the fluid were significantly less than the residue.
2010, 25(1): 90-95.
Abstract:
To study the fertilizing effect of the biogas residue on the yield and quality of tea,the quality indices and yield data was collected.The results showed that at same levels of organic nitrogen,application of the biogas residue could significantly increase the bud density,the weight of 100 tea buds and the shoots as well as the yield of fresh tea leaves.Furthermore,it also improved the quality of the fresh leaves and met the requirement of being pollution-free.
To study the fertilizing effect of the biogas residue on the yield and quality of tea,the quality indices and yield data was collected.The results showed that at same levels of organic nitrogen,application of the biogas residue could significantly increase the bud density,the weight of 100 tea buds and the shoots as well as the yield of fresh tea leaves.Furthermore,it also improved the quality of the fresh leaves and met the requirement of being pollution-free.
2010, 25(1): 96-99.
Abstract:
A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the available calcium content in soil on the growth of flue-cured tobacco.The result indicated that after tobacco seedlings were transplanted for 35 days,the height,stem girth and number of leaves of the tobacco plants treated with Ca7(1142.33 mgkg-1) were improved reaching 21.75cm,3.93cm and 7.75 piece/plant,respectively.After 75 days,the height,stem girth,maximum leaf length and minimum leaf length of the treated tobacco plants were found to be 76.70cm,5.37cm,37.67cm and 17.00cm,respectively.The growth and development period was delayed 2-7 days with the addition of calcium.The dry matters in the leaves and roots of the treated tobacco plants in autumn reached a peak value of 50.83g/plant and 15.13g/plant,respectively.Under the experimental conditions,the growth and development of the flue-cured tobacco in soil with Ca7 at 1142.33 mgkg-1 level were found to be better than the control.
A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the available calcium content in soil on the growth of flue-cured tobacco.The result indicated that after tobacco seedlings were transplanted for 35 days,the height,stem girth and number of leaves of the tobacco plants treated with Ca7(1142.33 mgkg-1) were improved reaching 21.75cm,3.93cm and 7.75 piece/plant,respectively.After 75 days,the height,stem girth,maximum leaf length and minimum leaf length of the treated tobacco plants were found to be 76.70cm,5.37cm,37.67cm and 17.00cm,respectively.The growth and development period was delayed 2-7 days with the addition of calcium.The dry matters in the leaves and roots of the treated tobacco plants in autumn reached a peak value of 50.83g/plant and 15.13g/plant,respectively.Under the experimental conditions,the growth and development of the flue-cured tobacco in soil with Ca7 at 1142.33 mgkg-1 level were found to be better than the control.
2010, 25(1): 100-103.
Abstract:
Feasibility of using water hyacinth juice for methane production in a 10 L stirring tank reactor(CSTR) at 35℃ was studied.The entire process took 40 days,and the organic loading rate was increased step by step from 0.5 kg CODm-3d-1 to 5 kg CODm-3d-1.The CSTR started up quickly,and after 30 days,the organic loading rate reached 5 kg CODm-3d-1 with 75% COD removal rate.HRT was reduced by half,from 5 days to 2.5 days,while the volume biogas production rate reached 1.1 m3m-3d-1 with a methane content of 65%.In processing,the effluent pH was stable between 7.2-7.6,indicating that the reactor was adequate in handling the increased organic loading.The results suggested that water hyacinth juice could be used as a substrate for methane production,and that the CSTR anaerobic digestion system could be effectively employed for the application.
Feasibility of using water hyacinth juice for methane production in a 10 L stirring tank reactor(CSTR) at 35℃ was studied.The entire process took 40 days,and the organic loading rate was increased step by step from 0.5 kg CODm-3d-1 to 5 kg CODm-3d-1.The CSTR started up quickly,and after 30 days,the organic loading rate reached 5 kg CODm-3d-1 with 75% COD removal rate.HRT was reduced by half,from 5 days to 2.5 days,while the volume biogas production rate reached 1.1 m3m-3d-1 with a methane content of 65%.In processing,the effluent pH was stable between 7.2-7.6,indicating that the reactor was adequate in handling the increased organic loading.The results suggested that water hyacinth juice could be used as a substrate for methane production,and that the CSTR anaerobic digestion system could be effectively employed for the application.
2010, 25(1): 104-107.
Abstract:
An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of dehydration by mechanical press on water removal and NPK losses.The results showed that when the pressure increased from 0 MPa to 12MPa,the moisture content was reduced from 94.72% to 68.90%.The dehydration rate was up to 91.27% and the dry matter loss was up to 29.31%.The leached NPK increased as the pressure increased.Under a pressure up to 12MPa,the maximum losses in NPK were 52.28%,47.83% and 84.83%,respectively.The rates of loss on different nutrients were: total N(Kjeldahl nitrogen)(71.00%)> inorganic nitrogen(42.97%),water-soluble P(68.90%) > organic P(45.03%) and water-soluble K(84.75%).The nutrient losses in water hyacinth under the mechanical press were closely related to the nutrients' water solubility.
An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of dehydration by mechanical press on water removal and NPK losses.The results showed that when the pressure increased from 0 MPa to 12MPa,the moisture content was reduced from 94.72% to 68.90%.The dehydration rate was up to 91.27% and the dry matter loss was up to 29.31%.The leached NPK increased as the pressure increased.Under a pressure up to 12MPa,the maximum losses in NPK were 52.28%,47.83% and 84.83%,respectively.The rates of loss on different nutrients were: total N(Kjeldahl nitrogen)(71.00%)> inorganic nitrogen(42.97%),water-soluble P(68.90%) > organic P(45.03%) and water-soluble K(84.75%).The nutrient losses in water hyacinth under the mechanical press were closely related to the nutrients' water solubility.
2010, 25(1): 108-113.
Abstract:
Effect of self-allelopathy on AOS of Casuarina equisetifolia Forst seedling was studied using a nutritional cultivation method.The water extract of the roots from 15-year C.equisetifolia Forst was used for the self-allelopathy.The results indicated that the AOS lost its original balance,and that the AOS greatly accumulated in C.equisetifolia Forst under self-allelopathy.The permeability of plasma membrane increased,while the membrane structure and function were damaged;the MDA content and the membrane lipid peroxidation increased;the O2- generation rate and H2O2 in leaf cells increased;the AOS became imbalanced;AOS accumulated greatly in leaf cells;the AOS defense system was damaged;the activities of SOD,CAT,GR and POD decreased;and,the ability of cells in clearing O2- and H2O2 was diminishing.
Effect of self-allelopathy on AOS of Casuarina equisetifolia Forst seedling was studied using a nutritional cultivation method.The water extract of the roots from 15-year C.equisetifolia Forst was used for the self-allelopathy.The results indicated that the AOS lost its original balance,and that the AOS greatly accumulated in C.equisetifolia Forst under self-allelopathy.The permeability of plasma membrane increased,while the membrane structure and function were damaged;the MDA content and the membrane lipid peroxidation increased;the O2- generation rate and H2O2 in leaf cells increased;the AOS became imbalanced;AOS accumulated greatly in leaf cells;the AOS defense system was damaged;the activities of SOD,CAT,GR and POD decreased;and,the ability of cells in clearing O2- and H2O2 was diminishing.
2010, 25(1): 114-117.
Abstract:
This paper introduces the "short-board principle" and the "quick-response theory" based on the existing model of promoting science and technology innovation.The factors involved in the research and development phase,demonstration and extension phase,industrialization stage,as well as the environment,that were included in the chain of scientific creativity are analyzed.Furthermore,the integrated capability,the bottlenecks,the time experienced by various sectors,the scope of promotion and extension,and the present and potential contributions to the local agricultural industry are assessed,As a result,a number of the critical factors and criteria for evaluation are presented.
This paper introduces the "short-board principle" and the "quick-response theory" based on the existing model of promoting science and technology innovation.The factors involved in the research and development phase,demonstration and extension phase,industrialization stage,as well as the environment,that were included in the chain of scientific creativity are analyzed.Furthermore,the integrated capability,the bottlenecks,the time experienced by various sectors,the scope of promotion and extension,and the present and potential contributions to the local agricultural industry are assessed,As a result,a number of the critical factors and criteria for evaluation are presented.
2010, 25(1): 118-125.
Abstract:
Bioconjugation is a process that conjugating two or more molecules to form a new compound.The complex compound possesses all characteristics of its components.Bioconjugation technique has become popular ever since it was discovered.It involves almost all aspects of life science,driving the development of modern biology,chemistry,medicine and agriculture.This paper reviews and discusses the principles and applications of the bioconjugation techniques.
Bioconjugation is a process that conjugating two or more molecules to form a new compound.The complex compound possesses all characteristics of its components.Bioconjugation technique has become popular ever since it was discovered.It involves almost all aspects of life science,driving the development of modern biology,chemistry,medicine and agriculture.This paper reviews and discusses the principles and applications of the bioconjugation techniques.
