2009 Vol. 24, No. 5
Display Method:
2009, 24(5): 385-389.
Abstract:
The nucleocapsid protein gene of velogenic,chicken-origin,Newcastle disease virus(NDV) F48E9 was amplified by RT-PCR based on a specific pair of primers designed according to the chicken-origin NDVs NP gene sequences published at GenBank.The purified RT-PCR products were cloned onto the pMD18-T vectors,and then,the positive recombinants had been identified by PCR and enzyme digestion.The sequencing results indicated that the F48E9 NP gene had an opening read frame of 1470nt in length with a coded polypeptide of 489 amino acids. There were four highly conserved cysteines on the F48E9 strain nucleocapsid protein.The amino acids at the regions, aa 401-440 and aa 461-481,were found to vary more than the others.The sequence analysis indicated that the F48E9 strain had a nucleotide homology of 87.9%-92.3%,and the amino acid homology of 92.2%-98.0% with other NDVs.The F48E9 strain appeared to be evolutionarily independent,with only remote relationship with other NDVs.
The nucleocapsid protein gene of velogenic,chicken-origin,Newcastle disease virus(NDV) F48E9 was amplified by RT-PCR based on a specific pair of primers designed according to the chicken-origin NDVs NP gene sequences published at GenBank.The purified RT-PCR products were cloned onto the pMD18-T vectors,and then,the positive recombinants had been identified by PCR and enzyme digestion.The sequencing results indicated that the F48E9 NP gene had an opening read frame of 1470nt in length with a coded polypeptide of 489 amino acids. There were four highly conserved cysteines on the F48E9 strain nucleocapsid protein.The amino acids at the regions, aa 401-440 and aa 461-481,were found to vary more than the others.The sequence analysis indicated that the F48E9 strain had a nucleotide homology of 87.9%-92.3%,and the amino acid homology of 92.2%-98.0% with other NDVs.The F48E9 strain appeared to be evolutionarily independent,with only remote relationship with other NDVs.
2009, 24(5): 390-395.
Abstract:
Using the nested PCR technology,the duck circovirus(DuCV) nucleotide fragment,which was isolated from Wenzhou,Zhejiang,was amplified and its sequence analyzed.The result showed that the obtained segment was about 340nt in length.Based on the determined sequence,two primers were applied for the construction of the remaining genomic sequence by inverse PCR.The genome of the Zhejiang DuCV had a length of 1995nt.Its ORFV1 encoded a replication protein of 292 amino acids,while the ORF-C1 encoded a capsid protein of 257 amino acids.The strain had highest sequence similarities(i.e.,99.2%) with EF451157 detected from the muscovy duck and EU344804 detected from the mule duck in Fujian.Phylogenetic analysis with Lasergene v 7.1 DNAStar software by Clustal W method showed that it had the same sub-lineage with the European strain detected in German mulard duck and the North American strain found in the American Perkin duck.
Using the nested PCR technology,the duck circovirus(DuCV) nucleotide fragment,which was isolated from Wenzhou,Zhejiang,was amplified and its sequence analyzed.The result showed that the obtained segment was about 340nt in length.Based on the determined sequence,two primers were applied for the construction of the remaining genomic sequence by inverse PCR.The genome of the Zhejiang DuCV had a length of 1995nt.Its ORFV1 encoded a replication protein of 292 amino acids,while the ORF-C1 encoded a capsid protein of 257 amino acids.The strain had highest sequence similarities(i.e.,99.2%) with EF451157 detected from the muscovy duck and EU344804 detected from the mule duck in Fujian.Phylogenetic analysis with Lasergene v 7.1 DNAStar software by Clustal W method showed that it had the same sub-lineage with the European strain detected in German mulard duck and the North American strain found in the American Perkin duck.
2009, 24(5): 396-399.
Abstract:
To obtain recombinant Muscovy duck reovirus(MDRV) _σC protein by prokaryotic expression for further study on its functions,the encoding sequence of the _σC gene from the MDRV MW9710 strain was amplified with RT-PCR and inserted into pMAL-p2X vector to establish the prokaryotic expression plasmid.After transforming the plasmid,pMAL-p2X-_σC,into E.coil BL21(DE3),the bacteria were induced by IPTG.The protein was expressed efficiently in both soluble and insoluble forms,and was positively recognized by the reference serum.The SDS-PAGE and western-blot analysis showed the recombinant pMAL-p2X-_σC produced had an apparent molecular weight of 72KDa.The soluble _σC protein was purified and obtained using MBP-affinity chromatography.The result provided a foundation for the gene’s epitope identification and development of a clinical diagnostic kit in the future.
To obtain recombinant Muscovy duck reovirus(MDRV) _σC protein by prokaryotic expression for further study on its functions,the encoding sequence of the _σC gene from the MDRV MW9710 strain was amplified with RT-PCR and inserted into pMAL-p2X vector to establish the prokaryotic expression plasmid.After transforming the plasmid,pMAL-p2X-_σC,into E.coil BL21(DE3),the bacteria were induced by IPTG.The protein was expressed efficiently in both soluble and insoluble forms,and was positively recognized by the reference serum.The SDS-PAGE and western-blot analysis showed the recombinant pMAL-p2X-_σC produced had an apparent molecular weight of 72KDa.The soluble _σC protein was purified and obtained using MBP-affinity chromatography.The result provided a foundation for the gene’s epitope identification and development of a clinical diagnostic kit in the future.
2009, 24(5): 400-403.
Abstract:
One-hundred-twenty-one nasopharyngeal swab samples of slaughtered,clinically healthy pigs from 3 slaughter houses in different areas of Fujian were collected for isolation of Streptococcus suis type 2(SS2) and detection of the virulence genotype with specific PCR.The results showed a total positive rate of SS2 of 14.0%(17/121) among the pigs sampled.The positive rates in Fuzhou,Ningde and Putian were 10.9%(7/64),11.8%(4/34) and 26.1%(6/23),respectively.The PCR amplified products of the cps2J gene from 3 isolates were all 675bp in size. The cps2J gene nucleotide homology between the isolates and the SS2 strain,as published in Genbank,ranged from 98%-100%.The virulence genotypes of the 3 isolates were all gdh+/cps2J+/mrp+/ef-/sly-/fbps+/orf2+. The results suggested that the SS2 existed in the clinically healthy pigs in the selected areas of Fujian.The virulence genotype of the SS2 isolated in this study was not previously known.
One-hundred-twenty-one nasopharyngeal swab samples of slaughtered,clinically healthy pigs from 3 slaughter houses in different areas of Fujian were collected for isolation of Streptococcus suis type 2(SS2) and detection of the virulence genotype with specific PCR.The results showed a total positive rate of SS2 of 14.0%(17/121) among the pigs sampled.The positive rates in Fuzhou,Ningde and Putian were 10.9%(7/64),11.8%(4/34) and 26.1%(6/23),respectively.The PCR amplified products of the cps2J gene from 3 isolates were all 675bp in size. The cps2J gene nucleotide homology between the isolates and the SS2 strain,as published in Genbank,ranged from 98%-100%.The virulence genotypes of the 3 isolates were all gdh+/cps2J+/mrp+/ef-/sly-/fbps+/orf2+. The results suggested that the SS2 existed in the clinically healthy pigs in the selected areas of Fujian.The virulence genotype of the SS2 isolated in this study was not previously known.
2009, 24(5): 404-407.
Abstract:
The genetic polymorphism of 5’-regulatory region of IGF-1 gene in Dehua black chicken was analyzed by PCR-PstⅠ-RFLP.The relationship between the polymorphic locus and egg-laying was established using the least square analysis.There were three genotypes,AA,AB and BB,detected on the PstⅠsite.The result showed that there was no significant difference in the age of the chickens when egg-laying started,but there was a significant difference in the number of eggs laid at 240 days and 300 days(P0.05).The numbers of eggs at 240 days and 300 days for the chickens with the AA genotype was significantly higher than those with the AB or BB(P0.05). The number of eggs laid at 240 days and 300 days for the chickens with the AB genotype was higher than that with BB,but not significantly(P0.05).
The genetic polymorphism of 5’-regulatory region of IGF-1 gene in Dehua black chicken was analyzed by PCR-PstⅠ-RFLP.The relationship between the polymorphic locus and egg-laying was established using the least square analysis.There were three genotypes,AA,AB and BB,detected on the PstⅠsite.The result showed that there was no significant difference in the age of the chickens when egg-laying started,but there was a significant difference in the number of eggs laid at 240 days and 300 days(P0.05).The numbers of eggs at 240 days and 300 days for the chickens with the AA genotype was significantly higher than those with the AB or BB(P0.05). The number of eggs laid at 240 days and 300 days for the chickens with the AB genotype was higher than that with BB,but not significantly(P0.05).
2009, 24(5): 408-411.
Abstract:
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Qihuan herbal extraction(QHE) on the growth,meat yield and biochemical indices in Yongan chicken.For the study,40-day-old Yongan chickens were randomly divided into 3 groups.The chickens were fed with(a) a basic diet as control,(b) the basic diet+1000 mgkg-1 QHE or(c) the basic diet+2000 mgkg-1 QHE.After 35 days,the chickens were slaughtered and data collected for analysis.The results indicated that the QHE produced no significant difference on average daily gain (ADG),average daily feed index(ADFI) and feed/weight gain(F/G) on the chickens.On the other hand,the QHE additions increased ADG and ADFI,but lowered F/G,particularly when 2000 mgkg-1 QHE were incorporated in the feed.Comparing to the control group,the chickens fed with 1000 mgkg-1 QHE had significantly reduced percentage of abdominal fat(P0.05).There was no significant difference among three groups on meat yield or percentages of semi-eviscerated and eviscerated weight.The activities of serum glutamic propylic transaminase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were increased by the additions of QHE.The plant extract improved total protein,decreased urea nitrogen,and significantly increased albumin content.It is,thus,concluded that QHE might have a potential as a feed additive for the poultry industry.
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Qihuan herbal extraction(QHE) on the growth,meat yield and biochemical indices in Yongan chicken.For the study,40-day-old Yongan chickens were randomly divided into 3 groups.The chickens were fed with(a) a basic diet as control,(b) the basic diet+1000 mgkg-1 QHE or(c) the basic diet+2000 mgkg-1 QHE.After 35 days,the chickens were slaughtered and data collected for analysis.The results indicated that the QHE produced no significant difference on average daily gain (ADG),average daily feed index(ADFI) and feed/weight gain(F/G) on the chickens.On the other hand,the QHE additions increased ADG and ADFI,but lowered F/G,particularly when 2000 mgkg-1 QHE were incorporated in the feed.Comparing to the control group,the chickens fed with 1000 mgkg-1 QHE had significantly reduced percentage of abdominal fat(P0.05).There was no significant difference among three groups on meat yield or percentages of semi-eviscerated and eviscerated weight.The activities of serum glutamic propylic transaminase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were increased by the additions of QHE.The plant extract improved total protein,decreased urea nitrogen,and significantly increased albumin content.It is,thus,concluded that QHE might have a potential as a feed additive for the poultry industry.
2009, 24(5): 412-415.
Abstract:
The growth curve of Dehua black chicken from 0 to 18 weeks was fitted with three nonlinear models.The correlation coefficients(R2) of the chicken’s growth data with the Gompertz,Logistic and von Bertalanffy models were 0.9998,0.9987,and 0.9996,respectively.Using the Gompertz model,which had the highest R2,the maximum applicable adult body weight was found to be 1754.7g,the critical body weight,815.22g,and the critical age of the chicken,8.819 weeks.
The growth curve of Dehua black chicken from 0 to 18 weeks was fitted with three nonlinear models.The correlation coefficients(R2) of the chicken’s growth data with the Gompertz,Logistic and von Bertalanffy models were 0.9998,0.9987,and 0.9996,respectively.Using the Gompertz model,which had the highest R2,the maximum applicable adult body weight was found to be 1754.7g,the critical body weight,815.22g,and the critical age of the chicken,8.819 weeks.
2009, 24(5): 416-420.
Abstract:
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the histochemical property of the mast cells in the digestive tract tissue of Anguilla Japonica and observe the heterogeneity of cytoplasm granules of mast cells.This experiment used improved toluidine blue staining(MTB),Alcian blue Safranin O staining(AB/SO),methyl green-Pyronine staining(MG-P) and AzureⅡ-Eosin-Wright mixture staining.The mast cells in the digestive tract of A.Japonica were displayed better by Alcian blue Safranin O staining.The effect of methyl green-Pyronine staining (MG-P) and AzureⅡ-Eosin-Wright mixture staining was generic,and few mast cells were dyed.Even the improved toluidine blue staining couldn’t show the mast cells.Small amount of mast cells mostly distributed in connective tissues of lamina propria and under mucosa epithelium in mucous layer of esophagus,stomach and intestine. While less lied in connective tissues of submucosa,and intended to be around blood vessels.The shapes of the mast cells which were small in size were circular,ellipse,spindle and irregular.The effect of Alcian blue Safranin O staining was the best,which was applicable to identification of the mast cell of A.Japonica.The improved toluidine blue staining was not applicable.
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the histochemical property of the mast cells in the digestive tract tissue of Anguilla Japonica and observe the heterogeneity of cytoplasm granules of mast cells.This experiment used improved toluidine blue staining(MTB),Alcian blue Safranin O staining(AB/SO),methyl green-Pyronine staining(MG-P) and AzureⅡ-Eosin-Wright mixture staining.The mast cells in the digestive tract of A.Japonica were displayed better by Alcian blue Safranin O staining.The effect of methyl green-Pyronine staining (MG-P) and AzureⅡ-Eosin-Wright mixture staining was generic,and few mast cells were dyed.Even the improved toluidine blue staining couldn’t show the mast cells.Small amount of mast cells mostly distributed in connective tissues of lamina propria and under mucosa epithelium in mucous layer of esophagus,stomach and intestine. While less lied in connective tissues of submucosa,and intended to be around blood vessels.The shapes of the mast cells which were small in size were circular,ellipse,spindle and irregular.The effect of Alcian blue Safranin O staining was the best,which was applicable to identification of the mast cell of A.Japonica.The improved toluidine blue staining was not applicable.
2009, 24(5): 421-428.
Abstract:
By using the vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,eight isozymes(i.e.,EST,LDH,MDH,GCDH, G6PD,ADH,SOD,GDH) from five tissues(i.e.,eye,muscle,liver,heart and kidney) of four species of Anguilla(i.e.,A.japonica,A.australis,A.Anguilla and A.rostrata) were analyzed.The results showed that GDH was not detected in all samples,while EST,LDH,MDH,GCDH,G6PD,ADH and SOD exhibited apparent tissue specificities.In the four species,the isozyme electrophorectograms showed similarities in their locus numbers,allele activities in a same tissue,significant differences among the tissues,and differences from species to species.By means of UPGMA,A.japonica was found to relate more closely to A.australis,while A.anguilla to A.rostrata.
By using the vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,eight isozymes(i.e.,EST,LDH,MDH,GCDH, G6PD,ADH,SOD,GDH) from five tissues(i.e.,eye,muscle,liver,heart and kidney) of four species of Anguilla(i.e.,A.japonica,A.australis,A.Anguilla and A.rostrata) were analyzed.The results showed that GDH was not detected in all samples,while EST,LDH,MDH,GCDH,G6PD,ADH and SOD exhibited apparent tissue specificities.In the four species,the isozyme electrophorectograms showed similarities in their locus numbers,allele activities in a same tissue,significant differences among the tissues,and differences from species to species.By means of UPGMA,A.japonica was found to relate more closely to A.australis,while A.anguilla to A.rostrata.
2009, 24(5): 429-432.
Abstract:
The nutritional contents of Fujian yellow,Fujian black and New Zealand white rabbits were determined for comparison.The total amino acids,flavoring amino acids,essential amino acids and iron contents of Fujian black rabbits were determined to be 1.61%,1.04%,0.65%and 2.41%,respectively.They were higher than those of Fujian yellow rabbits,while 1.58%,0.96%,0.47%and 3.15%,respectively,higher than those of New Zealand white rabbits.And,the crude fat content of Fujian black rabbits was 1.68%and 1.92%lower than that of Fujian yellow and New Zealand rabbits,respectively.The differences were statistically significant at P0.05.The contents of glycine and glutamic acid in the meat of Fujian yellow rabbits were 0.19%and 0.16%,respectively,significantly higher than those of New Zealand white rabbits.Consequently,the meat of Fujian black rabbits had the best nutritional and flavor quality among them.
The nutritional contents of Fujian yellow,Fujian black and New Zealand white rabbits were determined for comparison.The total amino acids,flavoring amino acids,essential amino acids and iron contents of Fujian black rabbits were determined to be 1.61%,1.04%,0.65%and 2.41%,respectively.They were higher than those of Fujian yellow rabbits,while 1.58%,0.96%,0.47%and 3.15%,respectively,higher than those of New Zealand white rabbits.And,the crude fat content of Fujian black rabbits was 1.68%and 1.92%lower than that of Fujian yellow and New Zealand rabbits,respectively.The differences were statistically significant at P0.05.The contents of glycine and glutamic acid in the meat of Fujian yellow rabbits were 0.19%and 0.16%,respectively,significantly higher than those of New Zealand white rabbits.Consequently,the meat of Fujian black rabbits had the best nutritional and flavor quality among them.
2009, 24(5): 433-437.
Abstract:
To breed a specific male line,255 pure bred Fujian yellow rabbits(30 male and 225 female animals) were selected according to the individual composite index in the animal’s family population.The results showed that the rabbit’s body weights at the ages of 4-,10-and 13-week in the 3rd generation were higher than those in the 1st generation(P0.01).The body weight increase ranged from 7.4%to 13.2%.The average daily weight gains of the males and female rabbits,at the ages of 4 to 13 weeks,in the 3rd generation were 17.55g and 18.25g,respectively, representing 9.6%and 12.4%,respectively,higher than those in the 1st generation(P0.01).The rabbit’s body length,chest girth,ear length and ear width at the age of 13-week in the 3rd generation were 3.1%to 13.7%greater than those in the 1st generation.The coefficients of variation on body weight decreased,as compared to those for the 1st generation.The coefficients of variation on body length,chest girth,ear length and ear width at the age of 13-week were lower than 12%for both generations.The body size and appearance of the rabbits in the 3 generations were uniform.No significant differences was found on the numbers of newborn,nor the body weights of the male and female rabbits at the age of 13-week,in 3 generations.
To breed a specific male line,255 pure bred Fujian yellow rabbits(30 male and 225 female animals) were selected according to the individual composite index in the animal’s family population.The results showed that the rabbit’s body weights at the ages of 4-,10-and 13-week in the 3rd generation were higher than those in the 1st generation(P0.01).The body weight increase ranged from 7.4%to 13.2%.The average daily weight gains of the males and female rabbits,at the ages of 4 to 13 weeks,in the 3rd generation were 17.55g and 18.25g,respectively, representing 9.6%and 12.4%,respectively,higher than those in the 1st generation(P0.01).The rabbit’s body length,chest girth,ear length and ear width at the age of 13-week in the 3rd generation were 3.1%to 13.7%greater than those in the 1st generation.The coefficients of variation on body weight decreased,as compared to those for the 1st generation.The coefficients of variation on body length,chest girth,ear length and ear width at the age of 13-week were lower than 12%for both generations.The body size and appearance of the rabbits in the 3 generations were uniform.No significant differences was found on the numbers of newborn,nor the body weights of the male and female rabbits at the age of 13-week,in 3 generations.
2009, 24(5): 438-442.
Abstract:
Genetic characteristics of CMS line Yuanfeng A rice were studied in preparation of breeding a low-photosensitive hybrid.The results showed that Yuanfeng A had the desirable flowering trait,disease resistance,grain quality and crossing ability.The genetic performances at the heading stage of the cross-combinations generated from it were similar to those from Bobai A.Whether the phenotype(photosensitivity) appears in their hybrid F1 at heading stage or not depended on the work of the restorer line at different growth periods.The resultant hybrid showed strong heterosis,improved resistance and excellent grain quality.Therefore,Yuanfeng A was believed to be a potential candidate for breeding high quality three-line hybrid rice.
Genetic characteristics of CMS line Yuanfeng A rice were studied in preparation of breeding a low-photosensitive hybrid.The results showed that Yuanfeng A had the desirable flowering trait,disease resistance,grain quality and crossing ability.The genetic performances at the heading stage of the cross-combinations generated from it were similar to those from Bobai A.Whether the phenotype(photosensitivity) appears in their hybrid F1 at heading stage or not depended on the work of the restorer line at different growth periods.The resultant hybrid showed strong heterosis,improved resistance and excellent grain quality.Therefore,Yuanfeng A was believed to be a potential candidate for breeding high quality three-line hybrid rice.
2009, 24(5): 443-446.
Abstract:
Optimization of N,P and K fertilization for high density cultivation of the large-spike type hybrid rice, Jinfu 1 You 527,was conducted.Regression analyses between the cultivation conditions and rice yield and net income from the harvest were performed.The results showed that all factors examined had a significant effect on yield and net income.Using a computerized imitative screening method,the optimized number of rice bushes per hectare was 220 000 to 320 000,and the fertilization rates for N was 134.9-169.7kg/hectare,for P2O5 was 42.0-71.3kg/ hectare and for K2O was 75.5-133.5kg/hectare.
Optimization of N,P and K fertilization for high density cultivation of the large-spike type hybrid rice, Jinfu 1 You 527,was conducted.Regression analyses between the cultivation conditions and rice yield and net income from the harvest were performed.The results showed that all factors examined had a significant effect on yield and net income.Using a computerized imitative screening method,the optimized number of rice bushes per hectare was 220 000 to 320 000,and the fertilization rates for N was 134.9-169.7kg/hectare,for P2O5 was 42.0-71.3kg/ hectare and for K2O was 75.5-133.5kg/hectare.
2009, 24(5): 447-449.
Abstract:
Glucose metabolism plays a very important role in fruit quality.It is mainly governed by carbohydrate metabolism and the related enzyme activities.And,leaf photosynthesis and fruit development are closely related with starch catabolism.The amylase activities in Poon-kan and Macrott oranges after mixed grafting were monitored for this study.The results showed that the amylase activity of Macrott was higher than that of Poon-kan in general.At the same time,the amylase activity of Poon-kan was enhanced after the mixed grafting.The activity changes of the two orange varieties tended to be similar.
Glucose metabolism plays a very important role in fruit quality.It is mainly governed by carbohydrate metabolism and the related enzyme activities.And,leaf photosynthesis and fruit development are closely related with starch catabolism.The amylase activities in Poon-kan and Macrott oranges after mixed grafting were monitored for this study.The results showed that the amylase activity of Macrott was higher than that of Poon-kan in general.At the same time,the amylase activity of Poon-kan was enhanced after the mixed grafting.The activity changes of the two orange varieties tended to be similar.
2009, 24(5): 450-453.
Abstract:
Using three different kinds of bags to enclose Gui-fei loquat fruits,the light intensity,temperature,humidity and ventilation in the microenvironment were determined.The relationship between the conditions inside the bag and the fruit quality was established.The results showed that the bagging caused decreases in sunlight intensity, while improving the fruit’s exterior and flesh qualities in varying degrees.Externally,the fruit skin had a clean, shiny appearance with even,attractive color,powdery and fuzzy coatings,and few burned or rust spots.The flesh showed decreases in soluble solids and sugar contents,increases in titratable acids and vitamin C,as well as an increased sour taste and somewhat reduced flavor.The soluble solids and total sugar contents were positively related to the average daily sunlight intensity;whereas,the titratable acids and vitamin C were negatively related to the sunlight intensity.Among the factors investigated,their greatest effect was on the content of titratable acids,with a correlation coefficient of -0.9766(P0.05).
Using three different kinds of bags to enclose Gui-fei loquat fruits,the light intensity,temperature,humidity and ventilation in the microenvironment were determined.The relationship between the conditions inside the bag and the fruit quality was established.The results showed that the bagging caused decreases in sunlight intensity, while improving the fruit’s exterior and flesh qualities in varying degrees.Externally,the fruit skin had a clean, shiny appearance with even,attractive color,powdery and fuzzy coatings,and few burned or rust spots.The flesh showed decreases in soluble solids and sugar contents,increases in titratable acids and vitamin C,as well as an increased sour taste and somewhat reduced flavor.The soluble solids and total sugar contents were positively related to the average daily sunlight intensity;whereas,the titratable acids and vitamin C were negatively related to the sunlight intensity.Among the factors investigated,their greatest effect was on the content of titratable acids,with a correlation coefficient of -0.9766(P0.05).
2009, 24(5): 454-456.
Abstract:
In this paper,processing method of pouring and spraying were respectively used.The control agent on Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.of pouring and spraying were screened,and the optimum control period had been studied. The results showed that the best result of control agent of pouring was"enhao"f 1000 times dilution,and the was 2.8%,the control efficacy was 89.8%;The best result of of spraying was"ymevazol"1500 times,the average incidence was 5.6%,the control efficacy was 80.1%;and optimum prevent time was 2.5 inch cup seedlings for five days before changing the cup.
In this paper,processing method of pouring and spraying were respectively used.The control agent on Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.of pouring and spraying were screened,and the optimum control period had been studied. The results showed that the best result of control agent of pouring was"enhao"f 1000 times dilution,and the was 2.8%,the control efficacy was 89.8%;The best result of of spraying was"ymevazol"1500 times,the average incidence was 5.6%,the control efficacy was 80.1%;and optimum prevent time was 2.5 inch cup seedlings for five days before changing the cup.
2009, 24(5): 457-462.
Abstract:
Salt resistance of 23 lettuce cultivars were identified at the stage of germination growth and plant growth under seawater treatments.Seedling emergence rate,tolerance index,tolerance ratio and survival rate of lettuce cultivars were evaluated by using cluster analysis.The results showed that the salt tolerance from different lettuce cultivars showed singnificant difference by using seawater treatment,the three cultivars Zhongfeng,Nanshu and XiyekujuⅠappeared in higher salt-tolerance.The salt resistance ability of lettuces could be screened at plant growth stage.
Salt resistance of 23 lettuce cultivars were identified at the stage of germination growth and plant growth under seawater treatments.Seedling emergence rate,tolerance index,tolerance ratio and survival rate of lettuce cultivars were evaluated by using cluster analysis.The results showed that the salt tolerance from different lettuce cultivars showed singnificant difference by using seawater treatment,the three cultivars Zhongfeng,Nanshu and XiyekujuⅠappeared in higher salt-tolerance.The salt resistance ability of lettuces could be screened at plant growth stage.
2009, 24(5): 463-466.
Abstract:
Bacteria counts,chemical oxygen demand(COD) and pH of the water samples from 11 Min River monitoring sites were tested regularly for a preliminary correlation analysis.The results showed that the cultivated bacteria and total bacteria counts at the Jianxi River and Zhongyan Pier sites were higher than the others.In general,the upstream COD tended to be the highest,followed by midstream and downstream.The regression analysis by SPSS software indicated that there was a significant correlation among the bacteria counts,COD and pH of water samples in Min River.
Bacteria counts,chemical oxygen demand(COD) and pH of the water samples from 11 Min River monitoring sites were tested regularly for a preliminary correlation analysis.The results showed that the cultivated bacteria and total bacteria counts at the Jianxi River and Zhongyan Pier sites were higher than the others.In general,the upstream COD tended to be the highest,followed by midstream and downstream.The regression analysis by SPSS software indicated that there was a significant correlation among the bacteria counts,COD and pH of water samples in Min River.
2009, 24(5): 467-470.
Abstract:
Effects of varying concentrations of exogenous ethylene stress on the flesh firmness、titratable acidity (TA)、total soluble sugars(TS) and polyphenol oxidase(PPO) activity of"Jiefangzhong"loquat were studied. The results showed that the flesh firmness increased 11%and 35.7%respectively after 20 d and 40 d storage with 50～60 mgL-1 of exogenous ethylene,but control group increased 29.9%and 49.4%;While,it could inhibit the consumption of TS and TA,which were better than control group after 40d storage;The activity of PPO could be excited with 10～20 mgL-1 exogenous ethylene in the early storage,but it was inhibited with 50～60 mgL-1.
Effects of varying concentrations of exogenous ethylene stress on the flesh firmness、titratable acidity (TA)、total soluble sugars(TS) and polyphenol oxidase(PPO) activity of"Jiefangzhong"loquat were studied. The results showed that the flesh firmness increased 11%and 35.7%respectively after 20 d and 40 d storage with 50～60 mgL-1 of exogenous ethylene,but control group increased 29.9%and 49.4%;While,it could inhibit the consumption of TS and TA,which were better than control group after 40d storage;The activity of PPO could be excited with 10～20 mgL-1 exogenous ethylene in the early storage,but it was inhibited with 50～60 mgL-1.
2009, 24(5): 471-474.
Abstract:
This study applied Agaricus blazei Murill on medium containing wheat bran for fermentation to obtain dietary fiber.Effects of medium moisture content and fermentation time on yield of soluble and insoluble dietary fibers were investigated.Results showed that 60%moisture content in the medium was essential for mycelial metabolism. Increased water content enhanced the soluble dietary fiber production.After 72h fermentation,the insoluble dietary fiber content reached more than 80%.
This study applied Agaricus blazei Murill on medium containing wheat bran for fermentation to obtain dietary fiber.Effects of medium moisture content and fermentation time on yield of soluble and insoluble dietary fibers were investigated.Results showed that 60%moisture content in the medium was essential for mycelial metabolism. Increased water content enhanced the soluble dietary fiber production.After 72h fermentation,the insoluble dietary fiber content reached more than 80%.
2009, 24(5): 475-477.
Abstract:
The effects of glucose,fructose,maltose and sucrose on the rheological properties of starch made from rice starch were investigated by using a Rapid Visco Analyzer.The results showed that the peak viscosity of the decreased with increasing sugar content.The end-point viscosity,viscosity of the hot pulp and setback of viscosity profile were significantly decreased with increasing glucose,fructose or maltose.No apparent effect on the viscosity of the hot pulp was observed when sucrose was added.The starch broke down significantly with the addition of glucose or fructose.On the other hand,maltose caused viscosity decrease initially but was followed by an increase, while sucrose brought about a significant decrease in viscosity.Pasting temperature of the rice starch increased significantly with the sugar addition.The results provided the basic information for the applications of sugars in mixing with rice starch for starch-making.
The effects of glucose,fructose,maltose and sucrose on the rheological properties of starch made from rice starch were investigated by using a Rapid Visco Analyzer.The results showed that the peak viscosity of the decreased with increasing sugar content.The end-point viscosity,viscosity of the hot pulp and setback of viscosity profile were significantly decreased with increasing glucose,fructose or maltose.No apparent effect on the viscosity of the hot pulp was observed when sucrose was added.The starch broke down significantly with the addition of glucose or fructose.On the other hand,maltose caused viscosity decrease initially but was followed by an increase, while sucrose brought about a significant decrease in viscosity.Pasting temperature of the rice starch increased significantly with the sugar addition.The results provided the basic information for the applications of sugars in mixing with rice starch for starch-making.
2009, 24(5): 478-483.
Abstract:
All large-scale pig farm biogas projects have a certain common external characteristics.This paper analyzes the importance of governmental financial policy in promoting the development,based on the theoretical considerations, as well as experiences of countries,such as the United States,the European Union,Japan,Australia and India.Suggestions for the policy establishment are presented.
All large-scale pig farm biogas projects have a certain common external characteristics.This paper analyzes the importance of governmental financial policy in promoting the development,based on the theoretical considerations, as well as experiences of countries,such as the United States,the European Union,Japan,Australia and India.Suggestions for the policy establishment are presented.
2009, 24(5): 484-487.
Abstract:
This study analyzed the development situation of agricultural products processing industries.Based on the requirements for the Improvement of the agricultural products processing industries by the change tendency of food consumption,this study proposed the suggestions including the innovation and application of key technologies of the west side of straits characteristic agricultural products processing should be strengthened and the development of characteristic agricultural products processing industries on the west side of straits should be supported by the advancement of science and technology.
This study analyzed the development situation of agricultural products processing industries.Based on the requirements for the Improvement of the agricultural products processing industries by the change tendency of food consumption,this study proposed the suggestions including the innovation and application of key technologies of the west side of straits characteristic agricultural products processing should be strengthened and the development of characteristic agricultural products processing industries on the west side of straits should be supported by the advancement of science and technology.
2009, 24(5): 488-492.
Abstract:
As pig farming becomes increasingly concentrated and scaling up in size,its sewage discharge and waste disposal has overwhelmed the surrounding areas causing deepened concerns on environmental pollution.This paper reviews the related literature published in China,as well as foreign countries.It is intended to provide the pig farmers with available information on technologies for the effluent treatments and material recycling so that their operations could be improved and a pollution-free environment realized.
As pig farming becomes increasingly concentrated and scaling up in size,its sewage discharge and waste disposal has overwhelmed the surrounding areas causing deepened concerns on environmental pollution.This paper reviews the related literature published in China,as well as foreign countries.It is intended to provide the pig farmers with available information on technologies for the effluent treatments and material recycling so that their operations could be improved and a pollution-free environment realized.
