2009 Vol. 24, No. 4
Display Method:
2009, 24(4): 279-283.
Abstract:
High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was employed to determine the CoQ10 in brown rice with different genotype.The testing methodology was optimized in the meantime.Content of CoQ10 in 100 varieties(including restore lines and germplasm resources of the rice)was determined by using HPLC.The contents ranged from 0.30?0.03 mgkg-1 to 5.36?0.04 mgkg-1 indicating very significant differences of CoQ10 content existing among the various brown rice varieties.The restore line 4B233 had the highest content of CoQ10(i.e.,5.36?0.04 mgkg-1),which was 178.67 times greater than the lowest.
High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was employed to determine the CoQ10 in brown rice with different genotype.The testing methodology was optimized in the meantime.Content of CoQ10 in 100 varieties(including restore lines and germplasm resources of the rice)was determined by using HPLC.The contents ranged from 0.30?0.03 mgkg-1 to 5.36?0.04 mgkg-1 indicating very significant differences of CoQ10 content existing among the various brown rice varieties.The restore line 4B233 had the highest content of CoQ10(i.e.,5.36?0.04 mgkg-1),which was 178.67 times greater than the lowest.
2009, 24(4): 284-289.
Abstract:
Effects of 4 factors,i.e.,method of rearing seedling,sowing rate,fertilization mode and water management,were studied on the super-rice.The results showed that(a)pan-rearing was superior to water-rearing,(b)transplanting in 25 days after sowing gave the best results,(c)75-150kg per hm2 was the best sowing rate,and(d)deep-in-soil fertilization was best for the seedling growth.In addition,over supply of water was detrimental to root development,while maintaining no-water-coverage-over-the-ground promoted root growth,increased root/shoot ratio and improved seedling quality.
Effects of 4 factors,i.e.,method of rearing seedling,sowing rate,fertilization mode and water management,were studied on the super-rice.The results showed that(a)pan-rearing was superior to water-rearing,(b)transplanting in 25 days after sowing gave the best results,(c)75-150kg per hm2 was the best sowing rate,and(d)deep-in-soil fertilization was best for the seedling growth.In addition,over supply of water was detrimental to root development,while maintaining no-water-coverage-over-the-ground promoted root growth,increased root/shoot ratio and improved seedling quality.
2009, 24(4): 290-295.
Abstract:
Effects of sowing time on dry matter content of the super high-yield ratoon rice were studied with the two-line hybrid rice Liangyoupeijiu.The results indicated that early sowing and planting resulted in(a)prolonged growth period for the main rice,but shortened for the ratoon rice,(b)prolonged peak tillering stage for the main rice,(c)increased tiller number in main rice,and(d)hastened grain dry weight increase for the main rice-rapid increase occurred from 6d to 25d after sprouting.On the other hand,late sowing and planting caused slower grain dry weight increase in the main rice.The yield of early sowed and planted main rice increased by 7.18%-9.56%,and for the ratoon rice increased by 53.47%.
Effects of sowing time on dry matter content of the super high-yield ratoon rice were studied with the two-line hybrid rice Liangyoupeijiu.The results indicated that early sowing and planting resulted in(a)prolonged growth period for the main rice,but shortened for the ratoon rice,(b)prolonged peak tillering stage for the main rice,(c)increased tiller number in main rice,and(d)hastened grain dry weight increase for the main rice-rapid increase occurred from 6d to 25d after sprouting.On the other hand,late sowing and planting caused slower grain dry weight increase in the main rice.The yield of early sowed and planted main rice increased by 7.18%-9.56%,and for the ratoon rice increased by 53.47%.
2009, 24(4): 296-303.
Abstract:
The newly bred Fulong S2,a low-temperature sensitive genic male sterile line rice,was developed by crossing Tianfeng S2 with Longyou-2 and by combined selection of blast resistance in blast area,eco-stress for stable sterility and shuttle breeding.Tianfeng S2(used as TGMS gene donor)has characteristics of early mature,good flowering and low-temperature sensitive genic male sterility.Longyou-2 is of high quality,good plant type,late mature,blast resistance and cold tolerance.The new breed was appraised by Fujian Science and Technology Department in 2006.It has good characteristics,such as low critical sterility-inducing temperature(≤ 23.5 ℃),stable sterility,long and stable sterile duration(104d),basic vegetative growth type,moderate growth period,good blast resistance,good combining ability,high stigma exertion and out-crossing rate.These factors suggest that Fulong S2 could be suitable for developing new super hybrid rice of wide adaptability,good quality and high yield with practical applications.
The newly bred Fulong S2,a low-temperature sensitive genic male sterile line rice,was developed by crossing Tianfeng S2 with Longyou-2 and by combined selection of blast resistance in blast area,eco-stress for stable sterility and shuttle breeding.Tianfeng S2(used as TGMS gene donor)has characteristics of early mature,good flowering and low-temperature sensitive genic male sterility.Longyou-2 is of high quality,good plant type,late mature,blast resistance and cold tolerance.The new breed was appraised by Fujian Science and Technology Department in 2006.It has good characteristics,such as low critical sterility-inducing temperature(≤ 23.5 ℃),stable sterility,long and stable sterile duration(104d),basic vegetative growth type,moderate growth period,good blast resistance,good combining ability,high stigma exertion and out-crossing rate.These factors suggest that Fulong S2 could be suitable for developing new super hybrid rice of wide adaptability,good quality and high yield with practical applications.
2009, 24(4): 304-307.
Abstract:
Variation of microspore-derived plant ploidy of Chinese cabbage with different maturation characteristics was investigated by means of DNA flow cytometry and morphological identification.The results showed that regenerated populations from the microspores were generally mixed ploidy.The ploidy distribution varied with maturing accessions.The microspore plants of the middle-to-late-maturing Chinese cabbage had the highest proportion of double-haploid,and the spring Chinese cabbage the lowest among all tested.Some haploid plantlets doubled naturally in tissue culture.It appeared that DNA flow cytometry and morphological observation could be used to determine the ploidy level.
Variation of microspore-derived plant ploidy of Chinese cabbage with different maturation characteristics was investigated by means of DNA flow cytometry and morphological identification.The results showed that regenerated populations from the microspores were generally mixed ploidy.The ploidy distribution varied with maturing accessions.The microspore plants of the middle-to-late-maturing Chinese cabbage had the highest proportion of double-haploid,and the spring Chinese cabbage the lowest among all tested.Some haploid plantlets doubled naturally in tissue culture.It appeared that DNA flow cytometry and morphological observation could be used to determine the ploidy level.
2009, 24(4): 308-312.
Abstract:
By varying the breathable plastic bags,formulation of mother spawns,moisture levels of the wheat,external physical and chemical characteristics of the wheat,and antibiotics added to the wheat,the mass producing of mushroom spawns was optimized.The results showed that(a)T type breathable bags was suitable for the application;(b)the mineral mother spawn was the best;(c)moisture level should be in the range of 42% to 45% to yield the highest production rate;(d)cooking wheat with 0.3% quicklime,2% gypsum and 4% calcium carbonate resulted in a alkaline coat on the wheat,which is conducive to mycelium growth and improves its competitiveness to other microorganisms;and,(e)cooking wheat with 0.02% benzimidazole 44 and 0.025% streptomycin sulfate prevented spawns from mold and bacterial infections during incubation,while being harmless to the mycelium development.
By varying the breathable plastic bags,formulation of mother spawns,moisture levels of the wheat,external physical and chemical characteristics of the wheat,and antibiotics added to the wheat,the mass producing of mushroom spawns was optimized.The results showed that(a)T type breathable bags was suitable for the application;(b)the mineral mother spawn was the best;(c)moisture level should be in the range of 42% to 45% to yield the highest production rate;(d)cooking wheat with 0.3% quicklime,2% gypsum and 4% calcium carbonate resulted in a alkaline coat on the wheat,which is conducive to mycelium growth and improves its competitiveness to other microorganisms;and,(e)cooking wheat with 0.02% benzimidazole 44 and 0.025% streptomycin sulfate prevented spawns from mold and bacterial infections during incubation,while being harmless to the mycelium development.
2009, 24(4): 313-317.
Abstract:
Effect of seeding time and plastic sheet mulching on the growth and yield of Clocasia escalenta was studied.The results showed that early seeding very significantly increased the yield.And,on the ground covered with plastic sheets,the earlier seeding produced the greater effects.By plastic sheet mulching,regression equation of leaf area and leaves of single plant is Y=-6043.2852+2916.6632X-77.2088X2.Plastic sheet mulching could very significantly increased yield of 11.02%.Plastic sheet mulching not only improved the quality,but also hastened C. escalenta maturation.
Effect of seeding time and plastic sheet mulching on the growth and yield of Clocasia escalenta was studied.The results showed that early seeding very significantly increased the yield.And,on the ground covered with plastic sheets,the earlier seeding produced the greater effects.By plastic sheet mulching,regression equation of leaf area and leaves of single plant is Y=-6043.2852+2916.6632X-77.2088X2.Plastic sheet mulching could very significantly increased yield of 11.02%.Plastic sheet mulching not only improved the quality,but also hastened C. escalenta maturation.
2009, 24(4): 318-322.
Abstract:
Eleven accessions of local pepper varieties in Fujian were evaluated using the Grey System Theory.The results showed that Niujiaojiaowang was the best variety,and that the ranking among the tested varieties and the reference was consistent with their performance in the field.Application of the Grey System Theory to evaluate pepper germplasm resources could offer valuable information for the breeding of new pepper varieties.
Eleven accessions of local pepper varieties in Fujian were evaluated using the Grey System Theory.The results showed that Niujiaojiaowang was the best variety,and that the ranking among the tested varieties and the reference was consistent with their performance in the field.Application of the Grey System Theory to evaluate pepper germplasm resources could offer valuable information for the breeding of new pepper varieties.
2009, 24(4): 323-327.
Abstract:
The characteristics and volatile oil contents analyzed by means of GC/MS of several Fructus amomi found on the market in Fujian were compared.The results showed variations in their quality.Amomum villosum Lour.from Fangcheng,Guangxi,as well as Changtai and Yangchun,Fujian all contained the feature volatile oil.Their volatile oil contents met the national pharmacopeia standard.The main chemical constituents and characteristics of the volatile oil were similar.Thus,they can be used as a certified medicinal material.On the other hand,Alpinia japonica(Thunb.)Miq.from Longyan,Fujian was found significantly different in the oil content and chemical constituents.Thus,it was not recommended for medicinal applications.
The characteristics and volatile oil contents analyzed by means of GC/MS of several Fructus amomi found on the market in Fujian were compared.The results showed variations in their quality.Amomum villosum Lour.from Fangcheng,Guangxi,as well as Changtai and Yangchun,Fujian all contained the feature volatile oil.Their volatile oil contents met the national pharmacopeia standard.The main chemical constituents and characteristics of the volatile oil were similar.Thus,they can be used as a certified medicinal material.On the other hand,Alpinia japonica(Thunb.)Miq.from Longyan,Fujian was found significantly different in the oil content and chemical constituents.Thus,it was not recommended for medicinal applications.
2009, 24(4): 328-332.
Abstract:
Effects of different pretreatments methods,dissociation,enzymolysis time and slide making on the metaphase cells,chromosome contraction and dispersion degree of P. edulis Sims were compared.The best metaphase cells were prepared after the pretreatment with 8-Hydroxyquinoline for 2.5 h at room temperature and the subsequent enzyme digestion by a mixture containing 2% cellulase and 0.5% pectinase for 70 min at 37 ℃.The chromosomes dispersed well with clean background and centromeric dots and satellite were clear.The karyotype formula of P. edulis Sims was 2n=2x=18=14m(2sat)+4sm,belonging to 2A type,and a pair of satellites were located on the forth pair chromosomes.
Effects of different pretreatments methods,dissociation,enzymolysis time and slide making on the metaphase cells,chromosome contraction and dispersion degree of P. edulis Sims were compared.The best metaphase cells were prepared after the pretreatment with 8-Hydroxyquinoline for 2.5 h at room temperature and the subsequent enzyme digestion by a mixture containing 2% cellulase and 0.5% pectinase for 70 min at 37 ℃.The chromosomes dispersed well with clean background and centromeric dots and satellite were clear.The karyotype formula of P. edulis Sims was 2n=2x=18=14m(2sat)+4sm,belonging to 2A type,and a pair of satellites were located on the forth pair chromosomes.
2009, 24(4): 333-337.
Abstract:
The result of the experiment of applying the biogas residue and mushroom substrate to banana plants indicated that the effect of the mushroom substrate or the biogas residue on the growth and the fruiting of bananas is significant;the treatment of the mixed fertilizer of the two performs better than the treatment of either of them separately,especially on the effect of the leaf area,leaf quantity,fruit bunch weight,fruit finger quantity,the first hand numbers and weight.The mixed fertilizer also significantly increased the content of total potassium with the quantity of the fertilizer significantly correlating with the content of total potassium.When being fertilized separately,the mushroom substrate performs better than the biogas residue,but neither of their quantities significantly correlates with the growth or fruiting,which indicates the quantity of application must be controlled;fertilizing each banana plant with16kg biogas residue or 20kg mushroom substrate one year seems to be a proper treatment.
The result of the experiment of applying the biogas residue and mushroom substrate to banana plants indicated that the effect of the mushroom substrate or the biogas residue on the growth and the fruiting of bananas is significant;the treatment of the mixed fertilizer of the two performs better than the treatment of either of them separately,especially on the effect of the leaf area,leaf quantity,fruit bunch weight,fruit finger quantity,the first hand numbers and weight.The mixed fertilizer also significantly increased the content of total potassium with the quantity of the fertilizer significantly correlating with the content of total potassium.When being fertilized separately,the mushroom substrate performs better than the biogas residue,but neither of their quantities significantly correlates with the growth or fruiting,which indicates the quantity of application must be controlled;fertilizing each banana plant with16kg biogas residue or 20kg mushroom substrate one year seems to be a proper treatment.
2009, 24(4): 338-340.
Abstract:
Factors including the ratio of sample to solution(W:V),pH value,buffers,time,amount of PVP,media and SDS that might affect the extraction of proteins from carrot seeds were studied.The results showed that the extraction was significantly affected by the ratio of sample to solution,pH,buffers,time and medium composition.Based on the preliminary results,protein extraction from carrot seeds for 1.0 h at 4℃ in 50 mmolL-1 Tris-HCl buffer with a 1:10 ratio of sample to solution and pH 8.0 produced the best result.
Factors including the ratio of sample to solution(W:V),pH value,buffers,time,amount of PVP,media and SDS that might affect the extraction of proteins from carrot seeds were studied.The results showed that the extraction was significantly affected by the ratio of sample to solution,pH,buffers,time and medium composition.Based on the preliminary results,protein extraction from carrot seeds for 1.0 h at 4℃ in 50 mmolL-1 Tris-HCl buffer with a 1:10 ratio of sample to solution and pH 8.0 produced the best result.
2009, 24(4): 341-344.
Abstract:
By supplementing low protein diets with amino acids,the effects on the growth performance and blood biochemical indicators on growing pigs were evaluated.Fifty four crossbred growing pigs(Duroc譒andrace譒arge White)with an average body weight of 18.0?0.5 kg were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups(3 duplicates,6 pigs per duplicate)by a randomized complete block design.The feed formulation included 18.59% crude protein and 0.85% apparent digestible lysine for the control group,in accordance with NRC(1998)standards.These levels also represent the current feed nutrition at large-scale pig-breeding farms in Fujian.The protein content was reduced to16.96% for Treatment I and 15.53% for Treatment II.The dietary lysine was kept constant for all treatments by supplementing each group with synthetic lysine,and with synthetic methionine and threonine according to the ideal model.As compared to the control group,the average daily weight gain increased 3.83% for Treatment I,and 2.59% for Treatment II(P0.05);FCR improved by 3.54%(P0.05)in Treatment I,while decreased by 1.18% in Treatment II(P0.05);and,the serum urea nitrogen decreased by 10.43% in Treatment I(P0.05)and 26.78% in Treatment II(P0.01).No significant difference among treatments was found on total protein and albumin in serum(P0.05).Growth performance and relative blood biochemistry of the pigs were improved with decreasing(i.e.,1.5% and 3%)dietary protein intake.
By supplementing low protein diets with amino acids,the effects on the growth performance and blood biochemical indicators on growing pigs were evaluated.Fifty four crossbred growing pigs(Duroc譒andrace譒arge White)with an average body weight of 18.0?0.5 kg were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups(3 duplicates,6 pigs per duplicate)by a randomized complete block design.The feed formulation included 18.59% crude protein and 0.85% apparent digestible lysine for the control group,in accordance with NRC(1998)standards.These levels also represent the current feed nutrition at large-scale pig-breeding farms in Fujian.The protein content was reduced to16.96% for Treatment I and 15.53% for Treatment II.The dietary lysine was kept constant for all treatments by supplementing each group with synthetic lysine,and with synthetic methionine and threonine according to the ideal model.As compared to the control group,the average daily weight gain increased 3.83% for Treatment I,and 2.59% for Treatment II(P0.05);FCR improved by 3.54%(P0.05)in Treatment I,while decreased by 1.18% in Treatment II(P0.05);and,the serum urea nitrogen decreased by 10.43% in Treatment I(P0.05)and 26.78% in Treatment II(P0.01).No significant difference among treatments was found on total protein and albumin in serum(P0.05).Growth performance and relative blood biochemistry of the pigs were improved with decreasing(i.e.,1.5% and 3%)dietary protein intake.
2009, 24(4): 351-354.
Abstract:
Genomic fingerprints of 37 isolates of the pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum collected form peanuts in different areas in Fujian were analyzed by using RAPD primers.Nine primers were selected from 150 randomly selected primers with abundant polymorphisms.Genomic DNA from different isolate was amplified with the selected primers.Eighty five marked bands were produced on the agarose electrophoretic gel,of which 84 bands were polymorphic.The frequency of genetic diversity was 98.82%.Based on the genetic distance,a dendrogram was constructed with UPGMA.Thirty seven tested isolates were separated into 7 RAPD groups.Thirty one of them were separated into RG2 and RG6,with genetic distances ranging from 0.08 to 0.95.It is concluded that there were apparent differences among the isolates from different locations.There existed genetic similarity within the 37 tested isolates,due possibly to spreading of the isolates among areas in Fujian.
Genomic fingerprints of 37 isolates of the pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum collected form peanuts in different areas in Fujian were analyzed by using RAPD primers.Nine primers were selected from 150 randomly selected primers with abundant polymorphisms.Genomic DNA from different isolate was amplified with the selected primers.Eighty five marked bands were produced on the agarose electrophoretic gel,of which 84 bands were polymorphic.The frequency of genetic diversity was 98.82%.Based on the genetic distance,a dendrogram was constructed with UPGMA.Thirty seven tested isolates were separated into 7 RAPD groups.Thirty one of them were separated into RG2 and RG6,with genetic distances ranging from 0.08 to 0.95.It is concluded that there were apparent differences among the isolates from different locations.There existed genetic similarity within the 37 tested isolates,due possibly to spreading of the isolates among areas in Fujian.
2009, 24(4): 355-359.
Abstract:
By using selective cultural media,Enterobacter closcae was isolated from the soil around a pesticide factory.For evaluating factors affecting E.closcae's potential in degrading residual dimethoate,a L16(44×23)orthogonal test was used for the design of the experiment.The results showed that sucrose as the conformable carbon source,10 mmolL-1 Cu2+,100 mgL-1 dimethoate,30 ℃,initial pH 8.0,3 gL-1 yeast extract as the conformable nitrogen source,and 36 h cultivation to yield a degrading rate of 58.90%.Statistical analysis by using DPS Data Processing System revealed that the ion exerted the most significant impact on the degradation rate,followed by pH,culture time,dimethoate concentration,temperature and carbon source in that order.
By using selective cultural media,Enterobacter closcae was isolated from the soil around a pesticide factory.For evaluating factors affecting E.closcae's potential in degrading residual dimethoate,a L16(44×23)orthogonal test was used for the design of the experiment.The results showed that sucrose as the conformable carbon source,10 mmolL-1 Cu2+,100 mgL-1 dimethoate,30 ℃,initial pH 8.0,3 gL-1 yeast extract as the conformable nitrogen source,and 36 h cultivation to yield a degrading rate of 58.90%.Statistical analysis by using DPS Data Processing System revealed that the ion exerted the most significant impact on the degradation rate,followed by pH,culture time,dimethoate concentration,temperature and carbon source in that order.
2009, 24(4): 360-364.
Abstract:
Fermentation conditions for partial yellow,high color value red yeast rice were studied.They include Monascus strains,initial pH and added inorganic salt concentration.Main effects of the culture conditions found included(a)addition of acetic acid in the soaking water to increase the yellow shade,(b)varying salt concentration to change Monascus pigment's color value,(c)0.2% compound inorganic salts to double the color value increase with increased yellow shade,(d)prolonging the culture time to intensify the color value,(e)7-10 days fermentation to increase the orange yellow Monascus pigments,and(f)10-13 days fermentation to slightly decrease content of the pigments.By using the orthogonal test and analysis of variance,the optimal conditions for obtaining the desired pigmentation were found to be: application of cultured 116-R strains,composite inorganic salt concentration of 0.2% and medium initial pH 5.8.
Fermentation conditions for partial yellow,high color value red yeast rice were studied.They include Monascus strains,initial pH and added inorganic salt concentration.Main effects of the culture conditions found included(a)addition of acetic acid in the soaking water to increase the yellow shade,(b)varying salt concentration to change Monascus pigment's color value,(c)0.2% compound inorganic salts to double the color value increase with increased yellow shade,(d)prolonging the culture time to intensify the color value,(e)7-10 days fermentation to increase the orange yellow Monascus pigments,and(f)10-13 days fermentation to slightly decrease content of the pigments.By using the orthogonal test and analysis of variance,the optimal conditions for obtaining the desired pigmentation were found to be: application of cultured 116-R strains,composite inorganic salt concentration of 0.2% and medium initial pH 5.8.
2009, 24(4): 365-368.
Abstract:
For the National Facilities and Information Infrastructure for Science and Technology,and also a need for scientific research on germplasm resources,this paper uses rice as an example to illustrate the meaning of the establishment of a resource sharing platform on germplasm,as well as the system information,database structure,data acquisition and criterion,and the design and principle of the retrieval management system.
For the National Facilities and Information Infrastructure for Science and Technology,and also a need for scientific research on germplasm resources,this paper uses rice as an example to illustrate the meaning of the establishment of a resource sharing platform on germplasm,as well as the system information,database structure,data acquisition and criterion,and the design and principle of the retrieval management system.
2009, 24(4): 369-374.
Abstract:
Food security is an important strategic issue.On the base of current grain production,as well as major problematic and contradictory areas,this paper analyzes and discusses the establishment of a food security strategy and implementation for the province.Measures to prevent arable land idling,stabilize grain production,establish and improve food security mechanism are proposed.
Food security is an important strategic issue.On the base of current grain production,as well as major problematic and contradictory areas,this paper analyzes and discusses the establishment of a food security strategy and implementation for the province.Measures to prevent arable land idling,stabilize grain production,establish and improve food security mechanism are proposed.
2009, 24(4): 375-379.
Abstract:
This article introduces the principles,basic framework and content of the Index System of Fujian Rural Sci-Tech Innovation Mode(ISFRSTIM).The ways to calculate weighing coefficient and standard values of ISFRSTIM are illustrated.Furthermore,calculated results on some projects are analyzed.
This article introduces the principles,basic framework and content of the Index System of Fujian Rural Sci-Tech Innovation Mode(ISFRSTIM).The ways to calculate weighing coefficient and standard values of ISFRSTIM are illustrated.Furthermore,calculated results on some projects are analyzed.
2009, 24(4): 380-383.
Abstract:
This paper explains and analyzes the four programs applied by the sci-tech commissioners in Fujian to assist the farmers for their business development.These models included(a)farmer's cooperative organization,(b)demonstration stations,(c)contract operations and(d)entrepreneurship.Through evaluation on the characteristics,approaches,successful experiences,and advantages and shortcomings of these models,the author offers his recommendations.
This paper explains and analyzes the four programs applied by the sci-tech commissioners in Fujian to assist the farmers for their business development.These models included(a)farmer's cooperative organization,(b)demonstration stations,(c)contract operations and(d)entrepreneurship.Through evaluation on the characteristics,approaches,successful experiences,and advantages and shortcomings of these models,the author offers his recommendations.
