2009 Vol. 24, No. 1
Display Method:
2009, 24(1): 1-5.
Abstract:
A zinc-finger gene(tentatively named OsZF153),which was preferentially expressed in the rice stems and leaves,was identified by RT-PCR analysis.A fusion vector was constructed by combining approximately 2 kb upstream from the start codon of the gene OsZF153 with the reporter gene GUS.The GUS activity was detected in the T0 generation of transgenic rice plants.A strong GUS activity could be detected in the stems and leaves,while a weak one in the roots and hull,of the genetically modified rice.But no GUS activity was observed in stamen,pistil,embryo or endosperm of the transgenic rice.The results suggested that OsZF153 promoter was a vegetative organ promoter,which was preferentially active in stems and leaves of rice.
A zinc-finger gene(tentatively named OsZF153),which was preferentially expressed in the rice stems and leaves,was identified by RT-PCR analysis.A fusion vector was constructed by combining approximately 2 kb upstream from the start codon of the gene OsZF153 with the reporter gene GUS.The GUS activity was detected in the T0 generation of transgenic rice plants.A strong GUS activity could be detected in the stems and leaves,while a weak one in the roots and hull,of the genetically modified rice.But no GUS activity was observed in stamen,pistil,embryo or endosperm of the transgenic rice.The results suggested that OsZF153 promoter was a vegetative organ promoter,which was preferentially active in stems and leaves of rice.
Screening and preliminary analysis of an endosperm-specific expression gene in rice(Oryza sativa L.)
2009, 24(1): 6-10.
Abstract:
A promoter trapping line(accession no.w9101),in which the β-glucuronidase(GUS)reporter gene was endosperm-specific expression in both T0 and T1 generations,was identified from a promoter trapping population in rice(Oryza sativa L.ssp.indica).Genetic analysis and the Southern blot hybridization of the marker gene indicated that w9101 was a trapping line with a copy of T-DNA insertion.The flanking sequence of T-DNA insertion site was isolated by TAIL-PCR in w9101.The BLAST result of the sequence showed that the T-DNA insertion site was located in the promoter sequence of a putative peptide transporter gene in chromosome 6 of rice.It was tentatively named as PTR9101.RT-PCR analysis of the PTR9101 gene revealed that it was specifically expressed in rice endosperm.Further analysis by bioinformatics method indicated that the PTR9101 protein was hydrophobic with 12 α-helix membrane-spanning domain and similar to that of CHL1(The Nitrate Transporter AtNRT1.1)in Arabidopsis.It was thus concluded that PTR9101 was a hydrophobic peptide transporter gene.
A promoter trapping line(accession no.w9101),in which the β-glucuronidase(GUS)reporter gene was endosperm-specific expression in both T0 and T1 generations,was identified from a promoter trapping population in rice(Oryza sativa L.ssp.indica).Genetic analysis and the Southern blot hybridization of the marker gene indicated that w9101 was a trapping line with a copy of T-DNA insertion.The flanking sequence of T-DNA insertion site was isolated by TAIL-PCR in w9101.The BLAST result of the sequence showed that the T-DNA insertion site was located in the promoter sequence of a putative peptide transporter gene in chromosome 6 of rice.It was tentatively named as PTR9101.RT-PCR analysis of the PTR9101 gene revealed that it was specifically expressed in rice endosperm.Further analysis by bioinformatics method indicated that the PTR9101 protein was hydrophobic with 12 α-helix membrane-spanning domain and similar to that of CHL1(The Nitrate Transporter AtNRT1.1)in Arabidopsis.It was thus concluded that PTR9101 was a hydrophobic peptide transporter gene.
2009, 24(1): 11-13.
Abstract:
An RT-PCR method was developed to detect virulent strains of waterfowl-origin avian paramyxovirus type 1(vwAPMV-1).The primers were designed according to the sequences of the fusion protein gene of vwAPMV-1s available at the GenBank.The result showed that the 400 bp of specific fragments were amplified in vwAPMV-1.However,negative results were obtained from Pasteurella multocide,EDS,DEV,IBDV,H9N2 influenza virus,DHV-1 and low virulent strains of waterfowl-origin avian paramyxovirus type 1.And,the 10pg of vwAPMV-1 RNA was amplified by the sensitivity test for the RT-PCR.The results indicated that the RT-PCR could be used for vwAPMV-1 detection.
An RT-PCR method was developed to detect virulent strains of waterfowl-origin avian paramyxovirus type 1(vwAPMV-1).The primers were designed according to the sequences of the fusion protein gene of vwAPMV-1s available at the GenBank.The result showed that the 400 bp of specific fragments were amplified in vwAPMV-1.However,negative results were obtained from Pasteurella multocide,EDS,DEV,IBDV,H9N2 influenza virus,DHV-1 and low virulent strains of waterfowl-origin avian paramyxovirus type 1.And,the 10pg of vwAPMV-1 RNA was amplified by the sensitivity test for the RT-PCR.The results indicated that the RT-PCR could be used for vwAPMV-1 detection.
2009, 24(1): 14-18.
Abstract:
Spinibarbus caldwellii can spawn several times a year with spawning peaks in May,August and October.The sex ratio of female to male was 1:0.58,peaked in May at 1:0.67.The fecundity of S.caldwelli was low,varying from 2200 to 14181 with an average of 6041 eggs.The egg size could be up to 2.4 mm,averaging 1.94 mm,in diameter.The relation between the absolute fecundity and body weight was R=1265.9e3.8805W(r=0.9337),and that between the absolute fecundity and body length was R=48.425L1.4493(r=0.9585).The body lengths of spawning stock were between 20.0 cm and 30.0 cm,and the body weight ranged from 0.35 kg to 0.75 kg.The spawning stock was mainly 3-year-olds.
Spinibarbus caldwellii can spawn several times a year with spawning peaks in May,August and October.The sex ratio of female to male was 1:0.58,peaked in May at 1:0.67.The fecundity of S.caldwelli was low,varying from 2200 to 14181 with an average of 6041 eggs.The egg size could be up to 2.4 mm,averaging 1.94 mm,in diameter.The relation between the absolute fecundity and body weight was R=1265.9e3.8805W(r=0.9337),and that between the absolute fecundity and body length was R=48.425L1.4493(r=0.9585).The body lengths of spawning stock were between 20.0 cm and 30.0 cm,and the body weight ranged from 0.35 kg to 0.75 kg.The spawning stock was mainly 3-year-olds.
2009, 24(1): 19-23.
Abstract:
Based on the 16S rRNA sequence in GenBank for Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale(ORT),a pair of primers was selected for the amplification of the 671 bp fragment to establish a PCR method for ORT detection.This method could amplify the specific fragment in the reference strains,but not in chicken E.coli,Haemophilus paragallinarum,Salmonella Pullorum and Avian pasteurella multocida,of ORT.A sensitivity test indicated that the assay's lowest detection limit was 90 pg DNA.The PCR methodology appeared to be highly sensitive and specific for the purpose.Positive results were obtained on two isolated strains by using this newly developed PCR method.
Based on the 16S rRNA sequence in GenBank for Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale(ORT),a pair of primers was selected for the amplification of the 671 bp fragment to establish a PCR method for ORT detection.This method could amplify the specific fragment in the reference strains,but not in chicken E.coli,Haemophilus paragallinarum,Salmonella Pullorum and Avian pasteurella multocida,of ORT.A sensitivity test indicated that the assay's lowest detection limit was 90 pg DNA.The PCR methodology appeared to be highly sensitive and specific for the purpose.Positive results were obtained on two isolated strains by using this newly developed PCR method.
2009, 24(1): 24-28.
Abstract:
The immunogen,FFC-HS-BSA(florfenicol-bovine serum albumin),and the coating antigen FFC-HS-OVA(florfenicol-ovalbumin)were synthesized by using the mixed anhydride method.The man-made antigens were identified and certified by UV absorption,SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and animal immunization test.The results showed the process was successful.All antigens made had the correct haptens and carrier proteins.
The immunogen,FFC-HS-BSA(florfenicol-bovine serum albumin),and the coating antigen FFC-HS-OVA(florfenicol-ovalbumin)were synthesized by using the mixed anhydride method.The man-made antigens were identified and certified by UV absorption,SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and animal immunization test.The results showed the process was successful.All antigens made had the correct haptens and carrier proteins.
2009, 24(1): 29-34.
Abstract:
Fifty-eight strains of Bacillus spp.were isolated from the rhizospheric soils around watermelon,tomato and other plants at Yongtai,Fuqing,Minhou and 3 other counties in Fujian.Using multiple target pathogens inhibition test on 6 strains of Fusarium oxysporum Schl.,3 showed high inhibition activities.Among these strains of the biocontrol bacteria,Brevibacillus brevis JK-2,was most effective.Strain JK-2 displayed a broad-spectrum antagonistic activity to pathogenic fungi and bacteria,including Verticillium dahliae,Verticillium albo-atrum,Verticillium fungicola,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,Monilia laxa and Ralstonia solanacearum.The antimicrobial compounds produced by JK-2 were stable to high temperature(i.e.,100℃)and insensitive to proteinase K.It had control efficacies to watermelon wilt at 83.60% and 78.96% in the field and pot culture tests,respectively.
Fifty-eight strains of Bacillus spp.were isolated from the rhizospheric soils around watermelon,tomato and other plants at Yongtai,Fuqing,Minhou and 3 other counties in Fujian.Using multiple target pathogens inhibition test on 6 strains of Fusarium oxysporum Schl.,3 showed high inhibition activities.Among these strains of the biocontrol bacteria,Brevibacillus brevis JK-2,was most effective.Strain JK-2 displayed a broad-spectrum antagonistic activity to pathogenic fungi and bacteria,including Verticillium dahliae,Verticillium albo-atrum,Verticillium fungicola,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,Monilia laxa and Ralstonia solanacearum.The antimicrobial compounds produced by JK-2 were stable to high temperature(i.e.,100℃)and insensitive to proteinase K.It had control efficacies to watermelon wilt at 83.60% and 78.96% in the field and pot culture tests,respectively.
2009, 24(1): 35-39.
Abstract:
The toxicity and selectivity of various insecticides on Cornegenapsylla sinica Yang et Li and two predatory ladybirds were studied.The results showed that the selective toxicity of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were highest among 10 tested insecticides.The selective toxicity ratio(STR on ladybird,LC50/pest LC50)of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam on Propylaea japonica were 11.10 and 10.36,respectively,and on Chilomenes quadriplagiata,10.05 and 7.06,respectively.The insecticides,fipronil and avermectin,displayed greater STRs than other insecticides,except imidacloprid and thiamethoxam,on predatory ladybirds.Among 5 pyrethroid insecticides,alphacypermethrin exhibited the highest selectivity on P.japonica and C.quadriplagiata with STRs of 1.83 and 1.43,respectively.Cyhalothrin and deltamethrin exerted the highest toxicity on C.sinica Yang et Li,but rendered lowest STRs on the predatory ladybirds.Chlorpyrifos showed the lowest selectivity on the predatory ladybirds,P.japonica and C.quadriplagiata,with STRs of 0.42 and 0.34,respectively.
The toxicity and selectivity of various insecticides on Cornegenapsylla sinica Yang et Li and two predatory ladybirds were studied.The results showed that the selective toxicity of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were highest among 10 tested insecticides.The selective toxicity ratio(STR on ladybird,LC50/pest LC50)of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam on Propylaea japonica were 11.10 and 10.36,respectively,and on Chilomenes quadriplagiata,10.05 and 7.06,respectively.The insecticides,fipronil and avermectin,displayed greater STRs than other insecticides,except imidacloprid and thiamethoxam,on predatory ladybirds.Among 5 pyrethroid insecticides,alphacypermethrin exhibited the highest selectivity on P.japonica and C.quadriplagiata with STRs of 1.83 and 1.43,respectively.Cyhalothrin and deltamethrin exerted the highest toxicity on C.sinica Yang et Li,but rendered lowest STRs on the predatory ladybirds.Chlorpyrifos showed the lowest selectivity on the predatory ladybirds,P.japonica and C.quadriplagiata,with STRs of 0.42 and 0.34,respectively.
2009, 24(1): 40-45.
Abstract:
To study methamidoghos-degrading bacteria in different habitats at a pesticide factory,soil samples from sewage,drainage ducts and surroundings at Fu-Nong Biochemistry Co.,Ltd in Fujian were collected for the isolation.Sixty-seven bacterial stains were isolated employing media containing high concentration of methamidoghos followed by identification using the fatty-acid analysis.They were determined to belong to 22 genera.In the 3 different types of habitats,35 microcial stains belonging to 8 genera were found.The numbers of Bacillus and Pseudomonas strains were 21 and 19,respectively.In combination,they amounted to 59.7% of the total.Among them,Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas putida could grow in soils of all the sampling sites.
To study methamidoghos-degrading bacteria in different habitats at a pesticide factory,soil samples from sewage,drainage ducts and surroundings at Fu-Nong Biochemistry Co.,Ltd in Fujian were collected for the isolation.Sixty-seven bacterial stains were isolated employing media containing high concentration of methamidoghos followed by identification using the fatty-acid analysis.They were determined to belong to 22 genera.In the 3 different types of habitats,35 microcial stains belonging to 8 genera were found.The numbers of Bacillus and Pseudomonas strains were 21 and 19,respectively.In combination,they amounted to 59.7% of the total.Among them,Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas putida could grow in soils of all the sampling sites.
Additive and dominance correlations between grain shape and yield of early-season Indica hybrid rice
2009, 24(1): 46-50.
Abstract:
Correlation analysis between the grain shape characteristics and yield traits of an incomplete diallel cross of the early-season Indica rice(Oryza sativa L.)was conducted based on the additive and dominance genetic model.The results showed that there were significant correlations among most of the traits,and that the additive correlations were more important than the dominance correlations.The yield traits were found most closely correlated,followed by the grain shape.Between yield and grain shape of the Indica rice,a few characteristics showed high correlation coefficients.Traits with high additive correlations were thus recommended as an indicator for indirect selection of the early-season Indica rice hybrids.
Correlation analysis between the grain shape characteristics and yield traits of an incomplete diallel cross of the early-season Indica rice(Oryza sativa L.)was conducted based on the additive and dominance genetic model.The results showed that there were significant correlations among most of the traits,and that the additive correlations were more important than the dominance correlations.The yield traits were found most closely correlated,followed by the grain shape.Between yield and grain shape of the Indica rice,a few characteristics showed high correlation coefficients.Traits with high additive correlations were thus recommended as an indicator for indirect selection of the early-season Indica rice hybrids.
2009, 24(1): 51-54.
Abstract:
A new sugarcane variety,Mintang 93-119,was bred and selected from the crosses of Ganzhe 65-542 xROC1 by the Sugarcane Research Institute at Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences.Mintang 93-119 had the desirable characteristics of high yield,mid-to-early-season maturation,high sucrose content,broad adaptability,high germination rate and desirable tillering ability.Data collected from 20 experiments carried out in the past 13 years showed that the average cane productivity,sucrose content and sugar yield of Mintang 93-119 were 112.94 t/hm2,15.3% and 17.19%,respectively.Compared to Mintang 70-611,ROC10 and ROC16,the new variety's cane productivity increases were 35.8%,52.2% and 11.8%,respectively;the percentage increases of the sucrose content were 1.28,0.38 and 0.52,respectively;and,the sugar yield improvements were 47.7%,55.3% and 15.1%,respectively.This new Mintang 93-119 variety was found suitable for growing on dry slops or irrigated dry land of moderate or higher fertility.
A new sugarcane variety,Mintang 93-119,was bred and selected from the crosses of Ganzhe 65-542 xROC1 by the Sugarcane Research Institute at Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences.Mintang 93-119 had the desirable characteristics of high yield,mid-to-early-season maturation,high sucrose content,broad adaptability,high germination rate and desirable tillering ability.Data collected from 20 experiments carried out in the past 13 years showed that the average cane productivity,sucrose content and sugar yield of Mintang 93-119 were 112.94 t/hm2,15.3% and 17.19%,respectively.Compared to Mintang 70-611,ROC10 and ROC16,the new variety's cane productivity increases were 35.8%,52.2% and 11.8%,respectively;the percentage increases of the sucrose content were 1.28,0.38 and 0.52,respectively;and,the sugar yield improvements were 47.7%,55.3% and 15.1%,respectively.This new Mintang 93-119 variety was found suitable for growing on dry slops or irrigated dry land of moderate or higher fertility.
2009, 24(1): 55-59.
Abstract:
"Ⅱ You 1259" is an indica combination for middle-late rice hybrid bred by.The study on factors affecting yield for "Ⅱ You 1259" indicated that the spikelet number per panicle and yield positively and significantly correlated at 0.01 level;the seed setting rate and yield significantly correlated at 0.05 level;the panicle number and 1000 grain weight did not significantly correlate.The panicle number and spikelet number per panicle negatively and significantly correlated at 0.01 level.The results of path analysis indicated that direct path coefficients of spikelet number per panicle,panicle number,seed setting rate,1000 grain weight to the crop yield were 0.929 3,0.7349,0.5720 and 0.2920,respectively.To study the high-yielding cultivation methods for "Ⅱ You 1259," 4 factors were targeted(i.e.,planting density x1,age of transplanting leaf x2,nitrogen application rate x3 and potassium application rate x4)and optimized.The regression models of the 4 factors and yield were established.The results showed that the main influential elements for yield included the age of transplanting leaf,planting density and nitrogen application rate.After simulated screening and optimal selection using computer software,the optimized cultivation conditions for high rice yield were seedlings with 4.5～5.8 leaves for transplanting,planting density at 217500～295500 hills per hm2,N applied at a rate of 122.3～207.4 kg N per hm2 and K at 56.8～200.9 kg K2O per hm2.
"Ⅱ You 1259" is an indica combination for middle-late rice hybrid bred by.The study on factors affecting yield for "Ⅱ You 1259" indicated that the spikelet number per panicle and yield positively and significantly correlated at 0.01 level;the seed setting rate and yield significantly correlated at 0.05 level;the panicle number and 1000 grain weight did not significantly correlate.The panicle number and spikelet number per panicle negatively and significantly correlated at 0.01 level.The results of path analysis indicated that direct path coefficients of spikelet number per panicle,panicle number,seed setting rate,1000 grain weight to the crop yield were 0.929 3,0.7349,0.5720 and 0.2920,respectively.To study the high-yielding cultivation methods for "Ⅱ You 1259," 4 factors were targeted(i.e.,planting density x1,age of transplanting leaf x2,nitrogen application rate x3 and potassium application rate x4)and optimized.The regression models of the 4 factors and yield were established.The results showed that the main influential elements for yield included the age of transplanting leaf,planting density and nitrogen application rate.After simulated screening and optimal selection using computer software,the optimized cultivation conditions for high rice yield were seedlings with 4.5～5.8 leaves for transplanting,planting density at 217500～295500 hills per hm2,N applied at a rate of 122.3～207.4 kg N per hm2 and K at 56.8～200.9 kg K2O per hm2.
2009, 24(1): 60-63.
Abstract:
Low temperature tolerance of 11 germplasms of Lagenaria siceraria(Mol.)Stand was studied under the stress of low temperature and dim light.Six biochemical and physiological indices and major chemical components were used for the analysis.Results revealed that the low temperature tolerance abilities of these 11 accessionscould be effectively differentiated by the stress test in 7 days,and that the biochemical and physiological indices and chemical composition could be applied for species evaluation.The 11 accessions were thus clustered into 4 groups with varying degrees of low temperature tolerance,i.e.,2 cold tolerant,5 cold semi-tolerant,3 cold semi-sensitive,and 1 cold sensitive germplasm.
Low temperature tolerance of 11 germplasms of Lagenaria siceraria(Mol.)Stand was studied under the stress of low temperature and dim light.Six biochemical and physiological indices and major chemical components were used for the analysis.Results revealed that the low temperature tolerance abilities of these 11 accessionscould be effectively differentiated by the stress test in 7 days,and that the biochemical and physiological indices and chemical composition could be applied for species evaluation.The 11 accessions were thus clustered into 4 groups with varying degrees of low temperature tolerance,i.e.,2 cold tolerant,5 cold semi-tolerant,3 cold semi-sensitive,and 1 cold sensitive germplasm.
2009, 24(1): 64-67.
Abstract:
The total dietary fiber(TDF),insoluble dietary fiber(IDF)and soluble dietary fiber(SDF)contents were determined for the fruits of Changying,Hui Yuan,Zilaiyuan,Tanxiang and Tantou olives.Changes in the contents of different dietary fiber(DF)in Changying,Huiyuan and Zilaiyuan olives at different development stages were studied.The results indicated that the Chinese white olives were rich in DF,especially the TDF in Changying and Zilaiyuan varieties,i.e.,37.40～50.36 g 100g-1 dry weight.Significant differences were found on TDF among the varieties.TDF consists of IDF and SDF.And,IDF and SDF in the fruits significantly correlated to the TDF contents.The changes in TDF,IDF and SDF in these Chinese white olives were similar.They increased gradually during the growth period.This paper discusses application of the different varieties for a source of DF.
The total dietary fiber(TDF),insoluble dietary fiber(IDF)and soluble dietary fiber(SDF)contents were determined for the fruits of Changying,Hui Yuan,Zilaiyuan,Tanxiang and Tantou olives.Changes in the contents of different dietary fiber(DF)in Changying,Huiyuan and Zilaiyuan olives at different development stages were studied.The results indicated that the Chinese white olives were rich in DF,especially the TDF in Changying and Zilaiyuan varieties,i.e.,37.40～50.36 g 100g-1 dry weight.Significant differences were found on TDF among the varieties.TDF consists of IDF and SDF.And,IDF and SDF in the fruits significantly correlated to the TDF contents.The changes in TDF,IDF and SDF in these Chinese white olives were similar.They increased gradually during the growth period.This paper discusses application of the different varieties for a source of DF.
2009, 24(1): 68-74.
Abstract:
This paper illustrates a system,based on the field tests completed,that divided soil fertility into high,medium and low grades and established indices to show the degree of sufficiency or deficiency on available N and P and K in soil for the major crops in Fujian.The results indicated that the logarithm model fitted best for calibrating the alkali-hydrolyzable N,the exponential model for Olsen-P and power model for available K.The critical value of the soil's available nutrient was affected by crop nutrient requirement and planting time.In the mountainous area,the critical values of alkali-hydrolyzable N,Olsen-P and available K for the early-season rice were 217,26 and 116 mg•kg-1,respectively;for the late-season rice,211,19 and 105 mg•kg-1,respectively;and for the mid-season rice,230,24 and 109 mg•kg-1,respectively.In the coastal area,the critical values of alkali-hydrolyzable N,Olsen-P and available K for the early-season rice were 193,18 and 105 mg•kg-1,respectively;and for the late-season rice,183,17 and 82 mg•kg-1,respectively.For the upland crops,the critical values of alkali-hydrolyzable N and Olsen-P and available K for sweet potatoes were 141,20 and 135 mg•kg-1,respectively;for potatoes,207,35 and 97mg•kg-1,respectively;and for peanuts,123,24 and 87 mg•kg-1,respectively.The soil's available nutrient evaluation showed that,based on soil's alkali-hydrolyzable N,93.8% of the paddy soil were of medium grade,and 89.5% of the upland soil samples were of low grades.On the basis of Olsen-P,62.9% of the paddy soils,while 59.9% of the upland soil samples,were of high grade.When the available K was taken into account,66.5% of the paddy soils were considered medium and 87.4% of the upland soils low fertility.These results were in agreement with the conclusions drawn from field experiments that showed N and K high fertilizer efficiency and P lower efficiency.
This paper illustrates a system,based on the field tests completed,that divided soil fertility into high,medium and low grades and established indices to show the degree of sufficiency or deficiency on available N and P and K in soil for the major crops in Fujian.The results indicated that the logarithm model fitted best for calibrating the alkali-hydrolyzable N,the exponential model for Olsen-P and power model for available K.The critical value of the soil's available nutrient was affected by crop nutrient requirement and planting time.In the mountainous area,the critical values of alkali-hydrolyzable N,Olsen-P and available K for the early-season rice were 217,26 and 116 mg•kg-1,respectively;for the late-season rice,211,19 and 105 mg•kg-1,respectively;and for the mid-season rice,230,24 and 109 mg•kg-1,respectively.In the coastal area,the critical values of alkali-hydrolyzable N,Olsen-P and available K for the early-season rice were 193,18 and 105 mg•kg-1,respectively;and for the late-season rice,183,17 and 82 mg•kg-1,respectively.For the upland crops,the critical values of alkali-hydrolyzable N and Olsen-P and available K for sweet potatoes were 141,20 and 135 mg•kg-1,respectively;for potatoes,207,35 and 97mg•kg-1,respectively;and for peanuts,123,24 and 87 mg•kg-1,respectively.The soil's available nutrient evaluation showed that,based on soil's alkali-hydrolyzable N,93.8% of the paddy soil were of medium grade,and 89.5% of the upland soil samples were of low grades.On the basis of Olsen-P,62.9% of the paddy soils,while 59.9% of the upland soil samples,were of high grade.When the available K was taken into account,66.5% of the paddy soils were considered medium and 87.4% of the upland soils low fertility.These results were in agreement with the conclusions drawn from field experiments that showed N and K high fertilizer efficiency and P lower efficiency.
2009, 24(1): 75-81.
Abstract:
Aimed to overcome the slow-growing disadvantage of Taxus wallichiana var.mairei,trials for inter-planting in forest and field cultivation were conducted.A short rotation and high-yield cultivation method for medicine production purpose was resulted.On mountainous sites,grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ stands including land below the crown of the secondary broadleaf forest and the Chinese-fir plantation or east-facing,shady dry land could be considered for the plantation.The transmittance of crown in the areas should be 55%～60%.One-year-old high quality seedlings above 25 cm tall and 0.25 cm in diameter near the ground-level should be used.For high-yield,field cultivation,shading facility should be considered and seedlings of taller than 15 cm and greater than 0.15 cm in diameter near the ground should be applied.The appropriate density and sunlight transmittance ought to be 30 cm×30 cm and 50%,respectively.After planting,the young trees should be carefully tended,diseases and pests infestation well prevented,and N,P and K fertilizers properly applied.The short rotation and high-yield medicinal plantations of Taxus wallichiana var.mairei cultivated in the field and mountainous sites could begin harvesting branches,leaves,stems or the plant in autumn and winter 2～3 years and 3～4 years after planting,respectively.Winter should be the best season for cutting stems at the height of 15 cm.
Aimed to overcome the slow-growing disadvantage of Taxus wallichiana var.mairei,trials for inter-planting in forest and field cultivation were conducted.A short rotation and high-yield cultivation method for medicine production purpose was resulted.On mountainous sites,grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ stands including land below the crown of the secondary broadleaf forest and the Chinese-fir plantation or east-facing,shady dry land could be considered for the plantation.The transmittance of crown in the areas should be 55%～60%.One-year-old high quality seedlings above 25 cm tall and 0.25 cm in diameter near the ground-level should be used.For high-yield,field cultivation,shading facility should be considered and seedlings of taller than 15 cm and greater than 0.15 cm in diameter near the ground should be applied.The appropriate density and sunlight transmittance ought to be 30 cm×30 cm and 50%,respectively.After planting,the young trees should be carefully tended,diseases and pests infestation well prevented,and N,P and K fertilizers properly applied.The short rotation and high-yield medicinal plantations of Taxus wallichiana var.mairei cultivated in the field and mountainous sites could begin harvesting branches,leaves,stems or the plant in autumn and winter 2～3 years and 3～4 years after planting,respectively.Winter should be the best season for cutting stems at the height of 15 cm.
2009, 24(1): 82-84.
Abstract:
Nutritional value of the proteins from liquid cultivated mycelium and fruiting body of Agaricus blazei Murrill.was assessed using non-biological evaluation method.The results showed that the amino acid score(AAS),chemical score(CS),essential amino acid index(EAAI),biological value(BV),nutritional index(NI)and score of ratio coefficient of amino acid(SRCAA)of the mycelium proteins were 74.29,57.16,80.84,76.42,22.76 and 77.61,respectively.They were higher than those of fruiting body proteins.Thus,mycelium of liquid-cultivated Agaricus blazei Murrill.could be considered a source of nutritious protein.
Nutritional value of the proteins from liquid cultivated mycelium and fruiting body of Agaricus blazei Murrill.was assessed using non-biological evaluation method.The results showed that the amino acid score(AAS),chemical score(CS),essential amino acid index(EAAI),biological value(BV),nutritional index(NI)and score of ratio coefficient of amino acid(SRCAA)of the mycelium proteins were 74.29,57.16,80.84,76.42,22.76 and 77.61,respectively.They were higher than those of fruiting body proteins.Thus,mycelium of liquid-cultivated Agaricus blazei Murrill.could be considered a source of nutritious protein.
2009, 24(1): 85-88.
Abstract:
The ethanol-extract of garlic(Allium sativum)was used in an indoor experiment to demonstrate its deterrent effect on Myzus persicae(sulzer),as well as the anti-feeding activity on Spodoptera litura(Fabricius).Considerable deterrent and anti-feeding effects were found.Higher deterrent rates on M.persicae were 68.96% to 100.00% in 72 h when the extract concentration was 70 g•L-1 or 90 g•L-1.High anti-feeding rates on S.litura were 67.54% to 96.74% in 24 h when the extract concentration was 70 g•L-1 or 90 g•L-1.The results suggested that garlic's ethanol-extract could be applied to curb pest insect problems of M.persicae and S.litura in the tobacco fields.
The ethanol-extract of garlic(Allium sativum)was used in an indoor experiment to demonstrate its deterrent effect on Myzus persicae(sulzer),as well as the anti-feeding activity on Spodoptera litura(Fabricius).Considerable deterrent and anti-feeding effects were found.Higher deterrent rates on M.persicae were 68.96% to 100.00% in 72 h when the extract concentration was 70 g•L-1 or 90 g•L-1.High anti-feeding rates on S.litura were 67.54% to 96.74% in 24 h when the extract concentration was 70 g•L-1 or 90 g•L-1.The results suggested that garlic's ethanol-extract could be applied to curb pest insect problems of M.persicae and S.litura in the tobacco fields.
