2007 Vol. 22, No. 3
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Display Method:
2007, 22(3): 221-226.
Abstract:
GP2a/GP2b-3,GP3,GP4,GP5,and M protein gene fragments of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus FJ-1a strain were amplified by RT-PCR and cloned onto shuttle vector pDC316.After co-transfection of one of the five recombinant shuttle vectors and the helper plasmid into 293 cells,recombinant adenoviruses Ad-GP2a/GP2b-3,Ad-GP3,Ad-GP4,Ad-GP5 and Ad-M were obtained.The titers of the five adenoviurses were 107.7-109.0 TCID50·mL-1.Among them,the Ad-GP5 titer was the lowest,at 107.7 TCID50·mL-1.The genome stability was determined by PCR detection of heterologous gene fragments in recombinant adenoviruses at 3rd,6th and 9th passages.In addition,when the recombinant adenoviruses were infected with the 293 cells,mRNA transcription of heterologous genes were confirmed by RT-PCR test.The establishment of recombinant adenoviruses for expressing PRRSV envelope proteins would provide a basic for further study on PRRSV genetic vaccine and the functions of the proteins.
GP2a/GP2b-3,GP3,GP4,GP5,and M protein gene fragments of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus FJ-1a strain were amplified by RT-PCR and cloned onto shuttle vector pDC316.After co-transfection of one of the five recombinant shuttle vectors and the helper plasmid into 293 cells,recombinant adenoviruses Ad-GP2a/GP2b-3,Ad-GP3,Ad-GP4,Ad-GP5 and Ad-M were obtained.The titers of the five adenoviurses were 107.7-109.0 TCID50·mL-1.Among them,the Ad-GP5 titer was the lowest,at 107.7 TCID50·mL-1.The genome stability was determined by PCR detection of heterologous gene fragments in recombinant adenoviruses at 3rd,6th and 9th passages.In addition,when the recombinant adenoviruses were infected with the 293 cells,mRNA transcription of heterologous genes were confirmed by RT-PCR test.The establishment of recombinant adenoviruses for expressing PRRSV envelope proteins would provide a basic for further study on PRRSV genetic vaccine and the functions of the proteins.
2007, 22(3): 227-230.
Abstract:
The polymorphism of ESR gene in Landrace,Large White and Landrace譒arge White was detected by using PCR-RFLP.The correlation between the genotypes of ESR gene and reproductive traits was analyzed.The result indicated that ESR locus existed polymorphism in the 3 swine populations.The allele frequency was higher than 0.75,and the B allele frequency lower than 0.25.The reproductive traits (Total Number Alive,or TNB;Number Born Alive,or NBA;Birth Weight,or BW;Number Born Weaning,or NBW) of the first and later parities were affected by various genotype.They tended to be AAABBB.In addition,the reproductive traits (TNB,NBA,and BW) of all parities were also affected by various genotype with the same trend,i.e.,AAABBB.The TNB of the later parity and all parities was significantly different between AA and AB genotype (P0.05).
The polymorphism of ESR gene in Landrace,Large White and Landrace譒arge White was detected by using PCR-RFLP.The correlation between the genotypes of ESR gene and reproductive traits was analyzed.The result indicated that ESR locus existed polymorphism in the 3 swine populations.The allele frequency was higher than 0.75,and the B allele frequency lower than 0.25.The reproductive traits (Total Number Alive,or TNB;Number Born Alive,or NBA;Birth Weight,or BW;Number Born Weaning,or NBW) of the first and later parities were affected by various genotype.They tended to be AAABBB.In addition,the reproductive traits (TNB,NBA,and BW) of all parities were also affected by various genotype with the same trend,i.e.,AAABBB.The TNB of the later parity and all parities was significantly different between AA and AB genotype (P0.05).
2007, 22(3): 231-234.
Abstract:
A pair of primers for RT-PCR to detect the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) were synthesized according to the published genome sequences of CSFV strains.After the RT-PCR method was established and optimized,15 clinic specimens were detected for CSFV by RT-PCR in comparison with the direct immunofluoresence assay (DFA).The result indicated that a 509 bp specifical fragment was obtained from the CSFV vaccine strains by RT-PCR with the sensitivity reaching 10 pg of CSFVRNA.Negative results were obtained from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV),porcine parvovirus (PPV),pseudorabies virus (PRV) and porcine circovirus Ⅱ (PCV2).The nucleotide sequence homology of RT-PCR products was 95%-99% of the other CSFV strains.The positive detection rate of the 15 clinic specimens reached 66.7% by RT-PCR,as compared to 60.0% by DFA.The two method’s coincidence rate was 80%.These results indicated that the RTPCR method was more sensitive than DFA,and that both methods were suitable for rapid detection of CSFV.
A pair of primers for RT-PCR to detect the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) were synthesized according to the published genome sequences of CSFV strains.After the RT-PCR method was established and optimized,15 clinic specimens were detected for CSFV by RT-PCR in comparison with the direct immunofluoresence assay (DFA).The result indicated that a 509 bp specifical fragment was obtained from the CSFV vaccine strains by RT-PCR with the sensitivity reaching 10 pg of CSFVRNA.Negative results were obtained from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV),porcine parvovirus (PPV),pseudorabies virus (PRV) and porcine circovirus Ⅱ (PCV2).The nucleotide sequence homology of RT-PCR products was 95%-99% of the other CSFV strains.The positive detection rate of the 15 clinic specimens reached 66.7% by RT-PCR,as compared to 60.0% by DFA.The two method’s coincidence rate was 80%.These results indicated that the RTPCR method was more sensitive than DFA,and that both methods were suitable for rapid detection of CSFV.
2007, 22(3): 241-244.
Abstract:
Internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1),ITS2 and 5.8S rDNA were amplified by PCR and semi-nested PCR to detect Fusarium DNA.Meanwhile, PCR and semi-nested PCR of the region were employed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the method.The amplified DNA was sequenced and blasted against sequences in the GenBank at the National Center for Biotechnology Information.The results proved that this DNA amplifying technique was able to distinguish different species of Fusarium genus.Therefore,amplifying and sequencing of ITS/5.8S rDNA could be a rapid,applicable method for identifying Furisarum genus.
Internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1),ITS2 and 5.8S rDNA were amplified by PCR and semi-nested PCR to detect Fusarium DNA.Meanwhile, PCR and semi-nested PCR of the region were employed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the method.The amplified DNA was sequenced and blasted against sequences in the GenBank at the National Center for Biotechnology Information.The results proved that this DNA amplifying technique was able to distinguish different species of Fusarium genus.Therefore,amplifying and sequencing of ITS/5.8S rDNA could be a rapid,applicable method for identifying Furisarum genus.
2007, 22(3): 245-250.
Abstract:
Experiments of N fertilizer applied to hybrid rice were carried out in Longhai.The results showed that dry matter accumulation and CGR had a linear relationship with N fertilizer applied at tilling stage of hybrid rice.Except those in leaves,dry matter accumulation of stems and sheaths,ears,whole plant and CGR correlated parabolically with N fertilizer applied to the hybrid rice at the middle-to-late stage of the crop.CGR significantly correlated with leaf area and somewhat negatively correlated with NAR.To improve CGR,N fertilizer application must be carried out at a reasonable rate so that the leaf area and NAR would reach an optimal balance.The rice yield was significantly correlated to the dry matter accumulation.It showed a parabolic correlation with N fertilizer application.In this experiment,the optimum dose of N fertilizer for hybrid rice was 200.0 kg·hm-2 for a target yield of 11000 kg. And,to produce 100.0 kg grain,it needed 1.8 kg N fertilizer on average,in which 30% to 40% went for the ear-grain fertilization.
Experiments of N fertilizer applied to hybrid rice were carried out in Longhai.The results showed that dry matter accumulation and CGR had a linear relationship with N fertilizer applied at tilling stage of hybrid rice.Except those in leaves,dry matter accumulation of stems and sheaths,ears,whole plant and CGR correlated parabolically with N fertilizer applied to the hybrid rice at the middle-to-late stage of the crop.CGR significantly correlated with leaf area and somewhat negatively correlated with NAR.To improve CGR,N fertilizer application must be carried out at a reasonable rate so that the leaf area and NAR would reach an optimal balance.The rice yield was significantly correlated to the dry matter accumulation.It showed a parabolic correlation with N fertilizer application.In this experiment,the optimum dose of N fertilizer for hybrid rice was 200.0 kg·hm-2 for a target yield of 11000 kg. And,to produce 100.0 kg grain,it needed 1.8 kg N fertilizer on average,in which 30% to 40% went for the ear-grain fertilization.
2007, 22(3): 251-255.
Abstract:
Fourteen varieties of chewing suagrcane were selected for the determination of their four physiological anti-oxidation indices,including carotenoid content,activities of superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,and catalase,at four growth stages.From the indices the anti-oxidation capacities of the species were estimated by analyzing their corresponding subordinate function values.The results indicated that Minxuan 703 had the highest anti-oxidative capacity and chewing sugarcane Jinhua the lowest among the 4 varieties.
Fourteen varieties of chewing suagrcane were selected for the determination of their four physiological anti-oxidation indices,including carotenoid content,activities of superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,and catalase,at four growth stages.From the indices the anti-oxidation capacities of the species were estimated by analyzing their corresponding subordinate function values.The results indicated that Minxuan 703 had the highest anti-oxidative capacity and chewing sugarcane Jinhua the lowest among the 4 varieties.
2007, 22(3): 256-260.
Abstract:
Factors affecting the Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) analysis of longan,such as annealing temperature and concentrations of template DNA,Mg2 + and dNTP were examined.The optimal ISSR-PCR reaction system (25 μL) was found to be: 20 ng template DNA,1.5 U Taq DNA polymerase,0.7 μmol·L-1 primer,2.0 mmol·L-1 Mg2+,and 0.2 mmol·L-1 dNTPs.Using the single primer (ISSR-13),fingerprints of 12 genotypes were constructed from different origins with their abundant polymorphism of DNA spectra.The results suggested that ISSR-PCR could be a suitable reaction system for studying longan genetic diversity.
Factors affecting the Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) analysis of longan,such as annealing temperature and concentrations of template DNA,Mg2 + and dNTP were examined.The optimal ISSR-PCR reaction system (25 μL) was found to be: 20 ng template DNA,1.5 U Taq DNA polymerase,0.7 μmol·L-1 primer,2.0 mmol·L-1 Mg2+,and 0.2 mmol·L-1 dNTPs.Using the single primer (ISSR-13),fingerprints of 12 genotypes were constructed from different origins with their abundant polymorphism of DNA spectra.The results suggested that ISSR-PCR could be a suitable reaction system for studying longan genetic diversity.
2007, 22(3): 261-265.
Abstract:
Several peanut varieties,including cultivars and varieties from ICRISAT and varieties (lines) developed by Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,were inoculated with powerful Aspergillus flavus strains to determine their resistance to the fungal infection. The results showed that three varieties,including Minhua 6,had greater fungal resistance than the controls,Kanghuang 1 and Yueyou 9. The infection rate was less than 30% and the infection index less than 6.0. These varieties could provide resistance genes for A.flavus resistance breeding. Kanghuang 1 is a MS variety to A.flavus. The evaluation of peanut’s resistance to A.flavus was also discussed.
Several peanut varieties,including cultivars and varieties from ICRISAT and varieties (lines) developed by Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,were inoculated with powerful Aspergillus flavus strains to determine their resistance to the fungal infection. The results showed that three varieties,including Minhua 6,had greater fungal resistance than the controls,Kanghuang 1 and Yueyou 9. The infection rate was less than 30% and the infection index less than 6.0. These varieties could provide resistance genes for A.flavus resistance breeding. Kanghuang 1 is a MS variety to A.flavus. The evaluation of peanut’s resistance to A.flavus was also discussed.
2007, 22(3): 266-270.
Abstract:
Bioassays were employed to investigate contact toxicity,fumigant toxicity,anti-feeding and growth inhibitory functions of essential oil extracted from Chenopodium ambrosioides on Pieris rapae larvae.Dropping bioassay showed that the order of contact toxicity of C.ambrosioides essential oil to P.rapae larvae was 3rd instar2nd instar1st instar4th instar and 5th instar.There was a higher fumigant activity of the essential oil to the 3rd instar larvae of P.rapae than 1st instar,and to the 4th insatr than the 1st and 2nd instar.However,no significant differences between the 1st and the 2nd,the 2nd and the 3rd,or the 3rd and the 4th instar larvae were found.The anti-feeding assay showed that increasing concentration of essential oil decreased the anti-feeding rate,and the AFC50 (i.e.,effective concentration causing 50% antifeeding rate) of 48h was significantly higher than that of 24h.The results from the developmental inhibition assay indicated that the pupae weight and pupation rates decreased with the increasing essential oil concentration.The EC50 (i.e.,effective concentration causing 50% inhibition of pupae weight or pupation rates as compared to the control) on the pupae weight and pupation rates of P.rapae were 200.6466 μg·g-1 and 126.4382 μg·g-1,respectively.
Bioassays were employed to investigate contact toxicity,fumigant toxicity,anti-feeding and growth inhibitory functions of essential oil extracted from Chenopodium ambrosioides on Pieris rapae larvae.Dropping bioassay showed that the order of contact toxicity of C.ambrosioides essential oil to P.rapae larvae was 3rd instar2nd instar1st instar4th instar and 5th instar.There was a higher fumigant activity of the essential oil to the 3rd instar larvae of P.rapae than 1st instar,and to the 4th insatr than the 1st and 2nd instar.However,no significant differences between the 1st and the 2nd,the 2nd and the 3rd,or the 3rd and the 4th instar larvae were found.The anti-feeding assay showed that increasing concentration of essential oil decreased the anti-feeding rate,and the AFC50 (i.e.,effective concentration causing 50% antifeeding rate) of 48h was significantly higher than that of 24h.The results from the developmental inhibition assay indicated that the pupae weight and pupation rates decreased with the increasing essential oil concentration.The EC50 (i.e.,effective concentration causing 50% inhibition of pupae weight or pupation rates as compared to the control) on the pupae weight and pupation rates of P.rapae were 200.6466 μg·g-1 and 126.4382 μg·g-1,respectively.
2007, 22(3): 271-275.
Abstract:
Types and distribution of mucous cells in the digestive tracts (i.e., tongue,esophagus,stomach,and intestines) of Lateolabrax japonicus were observed and analyzed by using AB-PAS (alcian blue and periodic acid schiffs reaction) and Alcine Blue staining at different pH (pH1.0,2.5,and 3.1).According to AB-PAS,4 types of the mucous cells in the digestive tracts of L.japonicus were observed: TypeⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ.TypeⅠwas pure red,AB negative and PAS positive containing neutral mucoitin.TypeⅡ was pure blue,AB positive and PAS negative containing acidic mucoitin.Type Ⅲ was purple reddish,both AB and PAS positive,PAS positive more than AB containing mainly neutral mucoitin and a few acidic mucoitin.TypeⅣ was blue purple,both AB and PAS positive,AB positive more than PAS containing mainly acidic mucoitin and a few neutral mucoitin.The Alcine Blue staining at pH2.5 and pH3.1 showed blue from the acidic mucous, and at pH1.0,either weak or strong blue from the vitriolic acidity mucous.The statistical results showed that in different parts there were different types and densities of mucous cells.Only a small quantity of mucous cells existed in tongue,mostly typeⅡ.On the other hand,large quantities of mucous cells were found in esophagus,stomach,and intestines.Most of them in esophagus and intestines were of Type Ⅲ and Type Ⅳ,and all of the mucous cells in the stomach belonged to TypeⅠ.The types and distribution of mucous cells closely related to the functions of the organs where they were found.
Types and distribution of mucous cells in the digestive tracts (i.e., tongue,esophagus,stomach,and intestines) of Lateolabrax japonicus were observed and analyzed by using AB-PAS (alcian blue and periodic acid schiffs reaction) and Alcine Blue staining at different pH (pH1.0,2.5,and 3.1).According to AB-PAS,4 types of the mucous cells in the digestive tracts of L.japonicus were observed: TypeⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ.TypeⅠwas pure red,AB negative and PAS positive containing neutral mucoitin.TypeⅡ was pure blue,AB positive and PAS negative containing acidic mucoitin.Type Ⅲ was purple reddish,both AB and PAS positive,PAS positive more than AB containing mainly neutral mucoitin and a few acidic mucoitin.TypeⅣ was blue purple,both AB and PAS positive,AB positive more than PAS containing mainly acidic mucoitin and a few neutral mucoitin.The Alcine Blue staining at pH2.5 and pH3.1 showed blue from the acidic mucous, and at pH1.0,either weak or strong blue from the vitriolic acidity mucous.The statistical results showed that in different parts there were different types and densities of mucous cells.Only a small quantity of mucous cells existed in tongue,mostly typeⅡ.On the other hand,large quantities of mucous cells were found in esophagus,stomach,and intestines.Most of them in esophagus and intestines were of Type Ⅲ and Type Ⅳ,and all of the mucous cells in the stomach belonged to TypeⅠ.The types and distribution of mucous cells closely related to the functions of the organs where they were found.
2007, 22(3): 276-278.
Abstract:
The nutritional content and sanitary indexes of Periplaneta americana L.were determined.The results showed that crude protein and fat in P.americana L.was 63.1% and 17.20%,respectively.There were 18 kinds of amino acids.The ratio of essential to total amino acid was 37.95%.It was rich in minerals.The dominant unsaturated fatty acid was oleic,and saturated fatty acid palmitic.The contents of Pb,As,Cd,Cr,mould fungus and bacteria were within the limit of safety.Therefore,P.americana L.could potentially be used as a material for high quality feed.
The nutritional content and sanitary indexes of Periplaneta americana L.were determined.The results showed that crude protein and fat in P.americana L.was 63.1% and 17.20%,respectively.There were 18 kinds of amino acids.The ratio of essential to total amino acid was 37.95%.It was rich in minerals.The dominant unsaturated fatty acid was oleic,and saturated fatty acid palmitic.The contents of Pb,As,Cd,Cr,mould fungus and bacteria were within the limit of safety.Therefore,P.americana L.could potentially be used as a material for high quality feed.
2007, 22(3): 279-282.
Abstract:
The generative reproduction and breeding of Nanjiang Yellow goats from Nanjiang County and Shunchang County has been conducted using the method of individual composite index in the family population.The results showed that the weight of the 2,4 and 6-month old male and female goats in the 3rd generation was higher than that the 1st generation of the same age.The rate of weight increase ranged from 13.16% to 16.43%.The average daily weight gain of the bucks and does from birth to 6-month in the 3rd generation was 95.5 g and 90.0 g,respectively.These were higher than those in the 1st generation.The increase rate was 15.45% and 15.38% for the bucks and the does,respectively.The chest girth,body length and withers height of the 6-month old bucks and does in the 3rd generation were 5.88% to 10.77% greater than those in the 1st generation.The coefficients of variations of body weight,chest girth,length and withers height in the 6 month old goats of the 3rd generation were all decreased,as compared to those in the 1st generation.Body size and appearance in the 3rd generation goats were uniform.The reproductive traits,birth weight in the 3 generations showed no significant difference.The body weight difference between the bucks and does at same age in each generation also was not significant.
The generative reproduction and breeding of Nanjiang Yellow goats from Nanjiang County and Shunchang County has been conducted using the method of individual composite index in the family population.The results showed that the weight of the 2,4 and 6-month old male and female goats in the 3rd generation was higher than that the 1st generation of the same age.The rate of weight increase ranged from 13.16% to 16.43%.The average daily weight gain of the bucks and does from birth to 6-month in the 3rd generation was 95.5 g and 90.0 g,respectively.These were higher than those in the 1st generation.The increase rate was 15.45% and 15.38% for the bucks and the does,respectively.The chest girth,body length and withers height of the 6-month old bucks and does in the 3rd generation were 5.88% to 10.77% greater than those in the 1st generation.The coefficients of variations of body weight,chest girth,length and withers height in the 6 month old goats of the 3rd generation were all decreased,as compared to those in the 1st generation.Body size and appearance in the 3rd generation goats were uniform.The reproductive traits,birth weight in the 3 generations showed no significant difference.The body weight difference between the bucks and does at same age in each generation also was not significant.
2007, 22(3): 283-287.
Abstract:
Rabbits without Classical Swine Fever (CSF) antibody were employed to produce Classical Swine Fever Vaccine (CSFV) to study the effect of hot summer weather on rabbit body temperature and the rate of regular type CSF in rabbits injected with CSFV thick liquid of spleens and lymph nodes.The results showed that all rabbit body temperature was over 41℃ and 40℃ when the surrounding temperature was up to 38℃ and 35.5℃,respectively.In varying degrees these rabbits showed heliosis symptom.After raised at 22℃ in a GMP animal house for 3 days,they were divided into 5 groups to be injected with 4000 fever units of the CSFV.The rates of regular type CSF in the 5 groups of the inoculated rabbits were 47%,65%,73%,54% and 63%.The rates for the control groups were 96% and 98%.The rabbits in the control groups had no CSF antibody and were raised in the surrounding temperature of 17-25℃.They were injected with the same dosage of the CSFV after being transported to the environment at 22℃.The above result revealed that an optimum surrounding temperature was necessary when the rabbits were to be used for CSFV production.In addition,the subject rabbits should avoid heliosis during the late production process and transportation.However,rabbits with heliosis could still be used to produce CSFV from their spleens and lymph nodes if they had contracted the regular type CSF.
Rabbits without Classical Swine Fever (CSF) antibody were employed to produce Classical Swine Fever Vaccine (CSFV) to study the effect of hot summer weather on rabbit body temperature and the rate of regular type CSF in rabbits injected with CSFV thick liquid of spleens and lymph nodes.The results showed that all rabbit body temperature was over 41℃ and 40℃ when the surrounding temperature was up to 38℃ and 35.5℃,respectively.In varying degrees these rabbits showed heliosis symptom.After raised at 22℃ in a GMP animal house for 3 days,they were divided into 5 groups to be injected with 4000 fever units of the CSFV.The rates of regular type CSF in the 5 groups of the inoculated rabbits were 47%,65%,73%,54% and 63%.The rates for the control groups were 96% and 98%.The rabbits in the control groups had no CSF antibody and were raised in the surrounding temperature of 17-25℃.They were injected with the same dosage of the CSFV after being transported to the environment at 22℃.The above result revealed that an optimum surrounding temperature was necessary when the rabbits were to be used for CSFV production.In addition,the subject rabbits should avoid heliosis during the late production process and transportation.However,rabbits with heliosis could still be used to produce CSFV from their spleens and lymph nodes if they had contracted the regular type CSF.
2007, 22(3): 288-292.
Abstract:
One hundred and twenty one-day-old male or female Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into two groups.Each group consisted of six replicates (10 birds per replicate).Group Ⅰwas the male control and Group Ⅲ was female control fed on the basal diet,Group II (male treatment) and Group Ⅳ (female treatment) fed on the basal diet supplemented with 600 mg·kg-1 aloe powder.The results showed that the feed conversion ratio of the male treatment group was significantly higher than that of the male control group (P0.01).The ADG of both the male and female treatment groups had an upward trend compared with the control (P0.05).Index of spleen of the male treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control on 21d (P0.05).Indexes of thymus and bursa of the male and female treatment groups showed an increasing tendency compared with those of the controls (P0.05) on 21d and 42d,respectively.The level of antibody against New Castle disease virus of the male treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control on 21d (P0.05).The natural killer cell activity of the male treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control on 49d (P0.01).Consequently,aloe powder appeared to be capable of improving the productivity and immunity of the broilers.And,the greater effect was found in male than in female broilers.
One hundred and twenty one-day-old male or female Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into two groups.Each group consisted of six replicates (10 birds per replicate).Group Ⅰwas the male control and Group Ⅲ was female control fed on the basal diet,Group II (male treatment) and Group Ⅳ (female treatment) fed on the basal diet supplemented with 600 mg·kg-1 aloe powder.The results showed that the feed conversion ratio of the male treatment group was significantly higher than that of the male control group (P0.01).The ADG of both the male and female treatment groups had an upward trend compared with the control (P0.05).Index of spleen of the male treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control on 21d (P0.05).Indexes of thymus and bursa of the male and female treatment groups showed an increasing tendency compared with those of the controls (P0.05) on 21d and 42d,respectively.The level of antibody against New Castle disease virus of the male treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control on 21d (P0.05).The natural killer cell activity of the male treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control on 49d (P0.01).Consequently,aloe powder appeared to be capable of improving the productivity and immunity of the broilers.And,the greater effect was found in male than in female broilers.
2007, 22(3): 293-297.
Abstract:
The Pb and Cd contaminations,which commonly occur in vegetables,were used as the target to study the effect of sulfur passivators on Brassica juncea Cosson.The commonly applied calcium,magnesium,and phosphate heavy metal passivators were used as control to compared with the sulfur reagent.Experimental results indicated that the accumulated amounts of Pb and Cd in B.juncea Cosson decreased by 9.8%-44.0% and 8.6%-21.1%,respectively,when calcium,magnesium,phosphate and sulfur passivators were applied.On the passivators’ effect of reducing Pb content in vegetable,the sulfur passivator in low dosage was equivalent to calcium,magnesium,or phosphate passivators.On Cd reduction,application of sulfur passivator with moderate and high dosages was almost same as calcium,magnesium,or phosphate counterparts.There was a significantly negative correlation between the contents of Pb and Cd in B.juncea Cosson and the dosage of sulfur passivator.Regression equations were YPb=10.332-1.122x (R2=0.941**) and YCd=1.1573-0.055x (R2=0.883**).Gray correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficient between Pb content in B.juncea Cosson and that in soil was the highest,i.e.,0.725.That between Pb in vegetable and soil pH was the next highest,and followed by that between Pb in vegetable and available Pb in soil.On the other hand,the correlation between Cd content in B.juncea Cosson and available Cd in soil was highest with a correlation coefficient of 0.736.It was followed by the correlation between the Cd in vegetable and the total amount of Cd,and pH of soil.
The Pb and Cd contaminations,which commonly occur in vegetables,were used as the target to study the effect of sulfur passivators on Brassica juncea Cosson.The commonly applied calcium,magnesium,and phosphate heavy metal passivators were used as control to compared with the sulfur reagent.Experimental results indicated that the accumulated amounts of Pb and Cd in B.juncea Cosson decreased by 9.8%-44.0% and 8.6%-21.1%,respectively,when calcium,magnesium,phosphate and sulfur passivators were applied.On the passivators’ effect of reducing Pb content in vegetable,the sulfur passivator in low dosage was equivalent to calcium,magnesium,or phosphate passivators.On Cd reduction,application of sulfur passivator with moderate and high dosages was almost same as calcium,magnesium,or phosphate counterparts.There was a significantly negative correlation between the contents of Pb and Cd in B.juncea Cosson and the dosage of sulfur passivator.Regression equations were YPb=10.332-1.122x (R2=0.941**) and YCd=1.1573-0.055x (R2=0.883**).Gray correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficient between Pb content in B.juncea Cosson and that in soil was the highest,i.e.,0.725.That between Pb in vegetable and soil pH was the next highest,and followed by that between Pb in vegetable and available Pb in soil.On the other hand,the correlation between Cd content in B.juncea Cosson and available Cd in soil was highest with a correlation coefficient of 0.736.It was followed by the correlation between the Cd in vegetable and the total amount of Cd,and pH of soil.
2007, 22(3): 298-301.
Abstract:
The effect of Pb2+ stress on nitrogen metabolism and membrane lipid peroxidation in Aegiceras corniculatum seedlings was investigated.The activities of NADH-GOGAT and GS,soluble protein,and MDA content in the roots,the stems and the leaves of A.corniculatum seedlings,which were cultivated for 30 days in nutrient solution containing Pb2+,were analyzed.The results showed that the NADH-GOGAT activities in A.corniculatum seedling roots,stems,and leaves decreased under Pb2+ stress,while the contents of soluble proteins and MDA increased.The GS activities in the roots and stems decreased due to Pb2+ treatments with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 2 mmol·L-1.GS activities in the leaves increased and was higher than that of the control.However,the activity was inhibited by Pb2+ at higher concentration of 2 mmol·L-1.Whether Pb2+ was added to the nutrient solution or not,the GS activity in the leaves was higher than those in the roots and stems.The GOGAT activity in the roots was higher than those in the leaves and stems.GS and NADH-GOGAT in roots were more sensitive to Pb2+ stress than those in stems and leaves.Thus,Pb2+ had the most effect on primary nitrogen metabolism in the root.It was also suggested that there was a negative correlation between the MDA content and the NADH-GOGAT or GS activity.
The effect of Pb2+ stress on nitrogen metabolism and membrane lipid peroxidation in Aegiceras corniculatum seedlings was investigated.The activities of NADH-GOGAT and GS,soluble protein,and MDA content in the roots,the stems and the leaves of A.corniculatum seedlings,which were cultivated for 30 days in nutrient solution containing Pb2+,were analyzed.The results showed that the NADH-GOGAT activities in A.corniculatum seedling roots,stems,and leaves decreased under Pb2+ stress,while the contents of soluble proteins and MDA increased.The GS activities in the roots and stems decreased due to Pb2+ treatments with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 2 mmol·L-1.GS activities in the leaves increased and was higher than that of the control.However,the activity was inhibited by Pb2+ at higher concentration of 2 mmol·L-1.Whether Pb2+ was added to the nutrient solution or not,the GS activity in the leaves was higher than those in the roots and stems.The GOGAT activity in the roots was higher than those in the leaves and stems.GS and NADH-GOGAT in roots were more sensitive to Pb2+ stress than those in stems and leaves.Thus,Pb2+ had the most effect on primary nitrogen metabolism in the root.It was also suggested that there was a negative correlation between the MDA content and the NADH-GOGAT or GS activity.
2007, 22(3): 302-307.
Abstract:
The pollution on the farm land in Licheng plain area and its potential ecological risk caused by heavy metal contamination were studied based on the spatial interpolation.The result showed that the single highest pollution index of 8 heavy metals was Hg.The average combined pollution index of heavy metals on the farm land was 0.897,at the warning level.However,the over-all soil condition was acceptable.Among the 8 heavy metals,Hg had the greatest index of potential ecological hazard,i.e.,47.496,which was at the medium hazard level.The indices for the other 7 elements ranged from 0.362 to 12.058, at the light hazard level.The combined index of potential pollution risk of heavy metals on the farmland was 27.742 to 127.344,averaging 68.129,which is considered a low hazard.A soil quality classification for the area based on the pollution risk index by the GIS technology was presented.
The pollution on the farm land in Licheng plain area and its potential ecological risk caused by heavy metal contamination were studied based on the spatial interpolation.The result showed that the single highest pollution index of 8 heavy metals was Hg.The average combined pollution index of heavy metals on the farm land was 0.897,at the warning level.However,the over-all soil condition was acceptable.Among the 8 heavy metals,Hg had the greatest index of potential ecological hazard,i.e.,47.496,which was at the medium hazard level.The indices for the other 7 elements ranged from 0.362 to 12.058, at the light hazard level.The combined index of potential pollution risk of heavy metals on the farmland was 27.742 to 127.344,averaging 68.129,which is considered a low hazard.A soil quality classification for the area based on the pollution risk index by the GIS technology was presented.
2007, 22(3): 308-314.
Abstract:
Effects of electro-kinetics at the optimal voltage drop on the elimination of major heavy metals in urban sludge were studied with various chelating agents.The results showed that the elimination of Cr in sludge was the greatest using citrate among all treatments under 1.0 V·cm-1 voltage drop.A 67.52% elimination rate was obtained,which was 6.31% and 6.79% higher than those using EDTA and lactate,respectively.The rates of Pb and Cd elimination using citrate,EDTA,and lactate under 1.0 V·cm-1 voltage drop were similar,ranging from 60% to 80%.The Cr,Pb,and Cr eliminations using citrate under 1.0 V·cm-1 voltage drop increased with treatment time.The elimination rates for Cr,Pb,and Cr in sludge after 144 h of treatment were more than 98%.The contents of Cr,Pb,and Cd in the resultant treated sludge were 599.84 mg·kg-1,128.88 mg·kg-1 and 3.38 mg·kg-1,respectively.They were all below the national standards for heavy metals in sludge for agricultural applications.
Effects of electro-kinetics at the optimal voltage drop on the elimination of major heavy metals in urban sludge were studied with various chelating agents.The results showed that the elimination of Cr in sludge was the greatest using citrate among all treatments under 1.0 V·cm-1 voltage drop.A 67.52% elimination rate was obtained,which was 6.31% and 6.79% higher than those using EDTA and lactate,respectively.The rates of Pb and Cd elimination using citrate,EDTA,and lactate under 1.0 V·cm-1 voltage drop were similar,ranging from 60% to 80%.The Cr,Pb,and Cr eliminations using citrate under 1.0 V·cm-1 voltage drop increased with treatment time.The elimination rates for Cr,Pb,and Cr in sludge after 144 h of treatment were more than 98%.The contents of Cr,Pb,and Cd in the resultant treated sludge were 599.84 mg·kg-1,128.88 mg·kg-1 and 3.38 mg·kg-1,respectively.They were all below the national standards for heavy metals in sludge for agricultural applications.
2007, 22(3): 315-319.
Abstract:
The micronucleus test with the erythrocytes of the Misgurnus Anguillicaudatus was adopted to study the mutagenic activity of wastewater from pig farms.The results showed that the micro-and anomalous nuclear rates significantly increased after 2 days of treatment,peaked on the 5th day,and declined a afterward.In another experiment where varying concentrations of the wastewater were used,the rates increased with a significant dosage-dependency.The differences between the tests and the control were very significant,indicating that pig farm wastewater was mutagenic to a certain degree.
The micronucleus test with the erythrocytes of the Misgurnus Anguillicaudatus was adopted to study the mutagenic activity of wastewater from pig farms.The results showed that the micro-and anomalous nuclear rates significantly increased after 2 days of treatment,peaked on the 5th day,and declined a afterward.In another experiment where varying concentrations of the wastewater were used,the rates increased with a significant dosage-dependency.The differences between the tests and the control were very significant,indicating that pig farm wastewater was mutagenic to a certain degree.
2007, 22(3): 320-327.
Abstract:
It was important for pasture to scientifically apply nitrogen fertilizer and managing in red soil region.The development status of pasture was analyzed in details in red soils of southern China in the paper.On this basis,the paper overviewed the demand characteristic of pasture to nitrogen and principal questions existed in pasture fertilization,and systematacially expounded the N2O emission mechanism and influencing factors.Finally,combined with hilly pasture development,some questions strengthened for the future were discussed in order to provide scientific basis for sustaining development of modern pasture in the southern China.
It was important for pasture to scientifically apply nitrogen fertilizer and managing in red soil region.The development status of pasture was analyzed in details in red soils of southern China in the paper.On this basis,the paper overviewed the demand characteristic of pasture to nitrogen and principal questions existed in pasture fertilization,and systematacially expounded the N2O emission mechanism and influencing factors.Finally,combined with hilly pasture development,some questions strengthened for the future were discussed in order to provide scientific basis for sustaining development of modern pasture in the southern China.
2007, 22(3): 328-331.
Abstract:
Mindou 1 is a new vegetable soybean variety bred by crossing Maodou 292 and Zaoshengzhidou.The regional trials during 2004-2005 showed that it had the characteristics of early maturation,high-and-steady yield,and broad adaptability.Its average fresh pod yield was 10632.0 kg·hm-2.It was certified by Fujian Crop Varieties Committee in January 2007.
Mindou 1 is a new vegetable soybean variety bred by crossing Maodou 292 and Zaoshengzhidou.The regional trials during 2004-2005 showed that it had the characteristics of early maturation,high-and-steady yield,and broad adaptability.Its average fresh pod yield was 10632.0 kg·hm-2.It was certified by Fujian Crop Varieties Committee in January 2007.
2007, 22(3): 332-335.
Abstract:
The main factors of protocorm-like body (PLB) induction of Onc.Sweet Sugarr were studied by using new shoots in different growth periods of the plant.The results showed that the terminal and the lateral buds of the semi-developed new shoots were better explants than others.The suitable method for the explant surface sterilization was to apply 0.1% HgCl2 for 9 minutes.After the explant became a primary plantlet,it was time to peel the shoot-tips for PLB induction.The explant survival rate could thus be significantly improved,and the PLBs could be induced in the shortest time possible.The formula of the optimal culture medium for PLB induction was the Gailang1 medium +6-BA 2.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.2 mg·L-1.
The main factors of protocorm-like body (PLB) induction of Onc.Sweet Sugarr were studied by using new shoots in different growth periods of the plant.The results showed that the terminal and the lateral buds of the semi-developed new shoots were better explants than others.The suitable method for the explant surface sterilization was to apply 0.1% HgCl2 for 9 minutes.After the explant became a primary plantlet,it was time to peel the shoot-tips for PLB induction.The explant survival rate could thus be significantly improved,and the PLBs could be induced in the shortest time possible.The formula of the optimal culture medium for PLB induction was the Gailang1 medium +6-BA 2.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.2 mg·L-1.
2007, 22(3): 235-240.
Abstract:
Salt-and alcohol-soluble proteins extracted from the seeds of four different hybrid rice and their three lines,as well as seven other F1 hybrid progenies were analyzed by means of SDS-PAGE.The results showed that the polymorphism of alcohol-soluble proteins was not significant enough for authenticity and purity assessment.However,the salt-soluble proteins had a high polymorphism with stable and specific bands.The experiments demonstrated that SDS-PAGE was a simple,rapid,effective and inexpensive method for the identification of hybrid rice seeds.
Salt-and alcohol-soluble proteins extracted from the seeds of four different hybrid rice and their three lines,as well as seven other F1 hybrid progenies were analyzed by means of SDS-PAGE.The results showed that the polymorphism of alcohol-soluble proteins was not significant enough for authenticity and purity assessment.However,the salt-soluble proteins had a high polymorphism with stable and specific bands.The experiments demonstrated that SDS-PAGE was a simple,rapid,effective and inexpensive method for the identification of hybrid rice seeds.
