2007 Vol. 22, No. 2
Display Method:
2007, 22(2): 115-119.
Abstract:
A partial genomic library of Epinephelus akaara was constructed and a PCR-based strategy was developed to screen the microsatellites in the library.A total of 2112 recombinant colonies were picked and regrown overnight in 96-well cell culture plates with 100 μL of LB medium plus ampicillin each well at 37℃.Twenty two plates were obtained and there were 20 mixing-pools in each plate.A PCR-based screening library method was used to screen these mixing-pools via the universal primer of M13 and repeat motif primers(CA)7C and(GA)7G,respectively.There were 111 microsatellites isolated after 61 positive clones were sequenced.The results indicated that microsatellite sequences characterized by(AC/GT)n and(GA/CT)n were abundant in genomic DNA of Epinephelus akaara.A portion of microsatellites repeat motifs and their flanking sequences were described.Among the 111 microsatellites,there were 54 perfect ones(48.7%),46 imperfect ones(41.4%),and 11 compound ones(9.9%).The 22 microsatellites sequences were submitted to the GenBank.It is supposed that these loci could be used for further genetic diversity and population structure analysis of Epinephelus akaara.
A partial genomic library of Epinephelus akaara was constructed and a PCR-based strategy was developed to screen the microsatellites in the library.A total of 2112 recombinant colonies were picked and regrown overnight in 96-well cell culture plates with 100 μL of LB medium plus ampicillin each well at 37℃.Twenty two plates were obtained and there were 20 mixing-pools in each plate.A PCR-based screening library method was used to screen these mixing-pools via the universal primer of M13 and repeat motif primers(CA)7C and(GA)7G,respectively.There were 111 microsatellites isolated after 61 positive clones were sequenced.The results indicated that microsatellite sequences characterized by(AC/GT)n and(GA/CT)n were abundant in genomic DNA of Epinephelus akaara.A portion of microsatellites repeat motifs and their flanking sequences were described.Among the 111 microsatellites,there were 54 perfect ones(48.7%),46 imperfect ones(41.4%),and 11 compound ones(9.9%).The 22 microsatellites sequences were submitted to the GenBank.It is supposed that these loci could be used for further genetic diversity and population structure analysis of Epinephelus akaara.
2007, 22(2): 120-125.
Abstract:
The gB,gC,and gD genes of Pseudorabies Virus(PRV) Fa strain were cloned and sequenced.The nucleotide sequence and its deduced amino acid sequence were analyzed using computer programs.The results revealed that the gB,gC,and gD genes were 2745 bp,1464 bp,and 1215 bp long encoding corresponding to proteins 914,487,and 404 amino acids,respectively.The sequence of nucleotides and predicated amino acids were compared with those of other published PRV strains.The results showed that gB,gC,and gD gene nucleotide sequence homology was 94.9%-99.9%,while the amino acid sequence homology was 91.4%-99.9%.The gB,gC,and gD gene shared highly conserved nucleotides among PRV strains.The molecular phylogenetic tree,based on these three genes,showed that the Chinese PRV isolates and the Korean PRV isolate could be grouped into one evolution branch,while the European and American PRV isolates and the Japanese PRV isolate could belong to another branch.In the former branch,the PRV strains Ea and Fa are so closely related to one another that the homology of these three genes were all above 99.5%.The gB proteins of the Chinese PRV isolates(Ea strain and Fa strain) had an amino acid residue more than the European and American isolates and amino acid substitutions happened primarily in the amino acid residues 50 to 100.In the 186-211 nucleotide sites of gC gene,Ea strain and Fa strain had 21 nucleotides more insertion compared to the European and American isolates.The gD proteins of Ea strain and Fa strain were 2-6 amino acids residues more than other strains.For Fa strain,the tandem repetition number of nucleotides AGGCCC in the gD nucleotides 803 to 837 added up to seven,which was the most among all PRV strains.
The gB,gC,and gD genes of Pseudorabies Virus(PRV) Fa strain were cloned and sequenced.The nucleotide sequence and its deduced amino acid sequence were analyzed using computer programs.The results revealed that the gB,gC,and gD genes were 2745 bp,1464 bp,and 1215 bp long encoding corresponding to proteins 914,487,and 404 amino acids,respectively.The sequence of nucleotides and predicated amino acids were compared with those of other published PRV strains.The results showed that gB,gC,and gD gene nucleotide sequence homology was 94.9%-99.9%,while the amino acid sequence homology was 91.4%-99.9%.The gB,gC,and gD gene shared highly conserved nucleotides among PRV strains.The molecular phylogenetic tree,based on these three genes,showed that the Chinese PRV isolates and the Korean PRV isolate could be grouped into one evolution branch,while the European and American PRV isolates and the Japanese PRV isolate could belong to another branch.In the former branch,the PRV strains Ea and Fa are so closely related to one another that the homology of these three genes were all above 99.5%.The gB proteins of the Chinese PRV isolates(Ea strain and Fa strain) had an amino acid residue more than the European and American isolates and amino acid substitutions happened primarily in the amino acid residues 50 to 100.In the 186-211 nucleotide sites of gC gene,Ea strain and Fa strain had 21 nucleotides more insertion compared to the European and American isolates.The gD proteins of Ea strain and Fa strain were 2-6 amino acids residues more than other strains.For Fa strain,the tandem repetition number of nucleotides AGGCCC in the gD nucleotides 803 to 837 added up to seven,which was the most among all PRV strains.
2007, 22(2): 126-129.
Abstract:
The transgenic Spirulina platensis constructed in our lab was cultured in a PhR-L20C photobioreactor designed by the Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Science.The conditions were optimized and applied for the high-density cultivation within the parameters of this photobioreactor.The initial pH was about 9.0,light intensity 10000 Lx,and the temperature 28-30℃.The result showed that the average optical density(OD560) reached 3.0 after 10 days with a growth rate of 0.3 OD reading per day.The final average dry weight yield of S.platensis was 1.3 g·L-1.After cultivation for 30 days without the aid of the antibiotic,G418,in the photobioreactor,the target gene was positively detected by means of PCR on the genome of S.platensis.In addition,the Western-blot result proved the foreign gene was effectively expressed in the transgenic S.platensis.
The transgenic Spirulina platensis constructed in our lab was cultured in a PhR-L20C photobioreactor designed by the Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Science.The conditions were optimized and applied for the high-density cultivation within the parameters of this photobioreactor.The initial pH was about 9.0,light intensity 10000 Lx,and the temperature 28-30℃.The result showed that the average optical density(OD560) reached 3.0 after 10 days with a growth rate of 0.3 OD reading per day.The final average dry weight yield of S.platensis was 1.3 g·L-1.After cultivation for 30 days without the aid of the antibiotic,G418,in the photobioreactor,the target gene was positively detected by means of PCR on the genome of S.platensis.In addition,the Western-blot result proved the foreign gene was effectively expressed in the transgenic S.platensis.
2007, 22(2): 130-135.
Abstract:
Genetic variation among three samples of cage-cultured,Pseudosciaena crocea from Luoyuan and Pingtan,Fujian were investigated using RPAD techniques.Four OPV random primers were employed for DNA amplification through PCR.There were 39 loci detected and their representative bands were labeled as genetic markers for population genetic analyses.Forteen loci were found to be monomorphic.They were considered potential candidates for the selection of species-specific genetic markers.On average,each sample had 48.2% polymorphic loci.Nei’s average heterozygosities (H) for respective samples were 0.2515,0.2755,and 0.2575.Fishes from Pingtan and Luoyuan collected in 2004 displayed conspicuous differences in genotype frequency at many of the observed loci,indicating that the population of caged fish could differentiate in genetic structures to a certain extent.Meanwhile,the present PCR results worked out with OPV-02 revealing two distinguishable electrophoregrams that separated samples from Luoyuan collected in 2004 and in 2005.It is proposed herein that this OPV-02 distinction might be the first evidence that demonstrates genetic divergence between the so-called geographic races of Pseudosciaena crocea along the eastern coast of China.
Genetic variation among three samples of cage-cultured,Pseudosciaena crocea from Luoyuan and Pingtan,Fujian were investigated using RPAD techniques.Four OPV random primers were employed for DNA amplification through PCR.There were 39 loci detected and their representative bands were labeled as genetic markers for population genetic analyses.Forteen loci were found to be monomorphic.They were considered potential candidates for the selection of species-specific genetic markers.On average,each sample had 48.2% polymorphic loci.Nei’s average heterozygosities (H) for respective samples were 0.2515,0.2755,and 0.2575.Fishes from Pingtan and Luoyuan collected in 2004 displayed conspicuous differences in genotype frequency at many of the observed loci,indicating that the population of caged fish could differentiate in genetic structures to a certain extent.Meanwhile,the present PCR results worked out with OPV-02 revealing two distinguishable electrophoregrams that separated samples from Luoyuan collected in 2004 and in 2005.It is proposed herein that this OPV-02 distinction might be the first evidence that demonstrates genetic divergence between the so-called geographic races of Pseudosciaena crocea along the eastern coast of China.
2007, 22(2): 136-140.
Abstract:
The NPK fertilizer response and its optimum application rate on sweet potatoes was studied by field experiments in Fujian.The results showed that on average,the application of N,P,and K on sweet potatoes increased yield by 27.2%,15.8%,and 26.4%,respectively.The rates of the increase were N KP.The weight ratio of big-medium to small sweet potato was 6.7 in a NPK balanced fertilization.It was significantly higher than the N,P or K deficient controls.The output/input ratio of N and K fertilizers was higher in the summer sweet potatoes than in the autumn crop.However,the P fertilizer’s ratio was higher in the autumn.The optimum application rate for N was 168 kg·hm-2,48 kg·hm-2 for P2O5,and 168 kg·hm-2 for K2O,in the ratio of 1:0.3:1.0 on summer sweet potatoes.For the autumn crop,the optimum application rate was 174 kg·hm-2 for N,57 kg·hm-2 for P2O5,and 200 kg·hm-2 for K2O,in the ratio of 1:0.3:1.2.But obviously,the optimum application rate depends largely on the soil type and its fertility.The NPK balanced fertilization increased yield by 14.9% and net income 3600 yuan per hectare over the traditional practice in a higher yield farmland,or increased yield by 12.0% and income by 2200 yuan per hectare in a medium-low yield farmland.
The NPK fertilizer response and its optimum application rate on sweet potatoes was studied by field experiments in Fujian.The results showed that on average,the application of N,P,and K on sweet potatoes increased yield by 27.2%,15.8%,and 26.4%,respectively.The rates of the increase were N KP.The weight ratio of big-medium to small sweet potato was 6.7 in a NPK balanced fertilization.It was significantly higher than the N,P or K deficient controls.The output/input ratio of N and K fertilizers was higher in the summer sweet potatoes than in the autumn crop.However,the P fertilizer’s ratio was higher in the autumn.The optimum application rate for N was 168 kg·hm-2,48 kg·hm-2 for P2O5,and 168 kg·hm-2 for K2O,in the ratio of 1:0.3:1.0 on summer sweet potatoes.For the autumn crop,the optimum application rate was 174 kg·hm-2 for N,57 kg·hm-2 for P2O5,and 200 kg·hm-2 for K2O,in the ratio of 1:0.3:1.2.But obviously,the optimum application rate depends largely on the soil type and its fertility.The NPK balanced fertilization increased yield by 14.9% and net income 3600 yuan per hectare over the traditional practice in a higher yield farmland,or increased yield by 12.0% and income by 2200 yuan per hectare in a medium-low yield farmland.
2007, 22(2): 141-145.
Abstract:
The mathematical DTOPSIS theory was used for the comprehensive evaluation of rice varieties.The data were obtained from the tests carried out in the middle and lower regions of the Yangtze River in 2005.The results indicated that the DTOPSIS method was superior to the yield analysis in variety selection for the following reasons:(a) it quantified indices of the relevant characteristics;and(b) it showed the genetic stability of the varieties.Of all varieties tested,the Ⅱ You 623,Ⅱ You 1259,and F301 had the greatest Ci values corresponding well with the actual performance.The paper also discusses existing problems relating to the comprehensive evaluation of new rice varieties by means of DTOPSIS.
The mathematical DTOPSIS theory was used for the comprehensive evaluation of rice varieties.The data were obtained from the tests carried out in the middle and lower regions of the Yangtze River in 2005.The results indicated that the DTOPSIS method was superior to the yield analysis in variety selection for the following reasons:(a) it quantified indices of the relevant characteristics;and(b) it showed the genetic stability of the varieties.Of all varieties tested,the Ⅱ You 623,Ⅱ You 1259,and F301 had the greatest Ci values corresponding well with the actual performance.The paper also discusses existing problems relating to the comprehensive evaluation of new rice varieties by means of DTOPSIS.
2007, 22(2): 146-149.
Abstract:
Characteristics of the sink,source and flow of the high-yield hybrid Teyou combinations-Teyouduoxi 1 and Teyou 63 were studied using Indica hybrid Shangyou 63 as control.The results showed that(a) the characteristics of Teyouduoxi 1 were similar to those of Teyou 63;(b) the high-yield hybrid Teyou combination was superior in sink capacity(indicated especially in its bigger panicles) and had more erect leaves in the canopy,higher dry leaf weight per unit area,larger leaf area index,more dried matter accumulation(especially during medium and late growth period),and higher ratio of grains to leaf area;(c) more photosynthate was translated to grains after flowering;and,(d) the flow was efficient from the source to sink.It is concluded that the combined desirable characteristics of the sink,source,and flow contributed to the high yield in Teyou combinations.
Characteristics of the sink,source and flow of the high-yield hybrid Teyou combinations-Teyouduoxi 1 and Teyou 63 were studied using Indica hybrid Shangyou 63 as control.The results showed that(a) the characteristics of Teyouduoxi 1 were similar to those of Teyou 63;(b) the high-yield hybrid Teyou combination was superior in sink capacity(indicated especially in its bigger panicles) and had more erect leaves in the canopy,higher dry leaf weight per unit area,larger leaf area index,more dried matter accumulation(especially during medium and late growth period),and higher ratio of grains to leaf area;(c) more photosynthate was translated to grains after flowering;and,(d) the flow was efficient from the source to sink.It is concluded that the combined desirable characteristics of the sink,source,and flow contributed to the high yield in Teyou combinations.
2007, 22(2): 150-153.
Abstract:
This paper reports the breeding process of the new potato variety Minshu 1.The variety was upright,39cm high,2-3 main stems,oval tubers,pale-yellow skin,pale-yellow flesh,6 tubers per plant,17.74% dry matter,87 day maturation period,and with appealing eating quality.The average tuber production of Minshu 1 was 28089.4 kg·hm-2,which exceeded the variety Zihua 851 by 6.74% in comparison.To obtain high production,the following measures are recommended: proper hastening germination,suitable planting density,adequate rate of fertilization,disease and pest control,and in-time harvest.
This paper reports the breeding process of the new potato variety Minshu 1.The variety was upright,39cm high,2-3 main stems,oval tubers,pale-yellow skin,pale-yellow flesh,6 tubers per plant,17.74% dry matter,87 day maturation period,and with appealing eating quality.The average tuber production of Minshu 1 was 28089.4 kg·hm-2,which exceeded the variety Zihua 851 by 6.74% in comparison.To obtain high production,the following measures are recommended: proper hastening germination,suitable planting density,adequate rate of fertilization,disease and pest control,and in-time harvest.
2007, 22(2): 154-157.
Abstract:
Multiple generations of Luffa(Luffa cylindrical L.) from the cross between an inbred line ’L001’and ’L023’ were used to investigate the genetics of the first female flower bud in the main vine.A major gene plus a polygene model of the quantitative traits was applied for the analysis.The results showed that the genetics of the crossed plants fitted the model of "two adding major gene plus adding-dominance polygene." Heritability of the genes(major genes+polygene) of B1,B2 and F2 population were estimated to be 54.45%,61.88%,and 58.91%,respectively.And the additive effect appeared to be dominant.The environmental effect contributed 38.02%～45.1% of the total VAR.It is concluded that selection of node of the first female flower bud in luffa produced significant effect and that selecting the two cultivated varieties as parents for crossing using the nodes of the first female flower bud at low position as a criterion was effective for early-maturation breeding purpose.The environment affected greatly on the genetics of the node of the first female flower bud in luffa.Therefore,continuous selection on the first nodes seemed necessary.
Multiple generations of Luffa(Luffa cylindrical L.) from the cross between an inbred line ’L001’and ’L023’ were used to investigate the genetics of the first female flower bud in the main vine.A major gene plus a polygene model of the quantitative traits was applied for the analysis.The results showed that the genetics of the crossed plants fitted the model of "two adding major gene plus adding-dominance polygene." Heritability of the genes(major genes+polygene) of B1,B2 and F2 population were estimated to be 54.45%,61.88%,and 58.91%,respectively.And the additive effect appeared to be dominant.The environmental effect contributed 38.02%～45.1% of the total VAR.It is concluded that selection of node of the first female flower bud in luffa produced significant effect and that selecting the two cultivated varieties as parents for crossing using the nodes of the first female flower bud at low position as a criterion was effective for early-maturation breeding purpose.The environment affected greatly on the genetics of the node of the first female flower bud in luffa.Therefore,continuous selection on the first nodes seemed necessary.
2007, 22(2): 158-161.
Abstract:
The method of Coomassie brilliant blue was used to determine the protein content in embryos.It indicated that the protein content in "Wuhexuegan" was higher than that in Citrus sinesis Osbeck at the early stage of embryo development.In order to study the specific proteins of "Wuhexuegan" at the embryonic development stage,two-dimensional electrophoresis technique was employed.As a result,6 new proteins at different stages of "Wuhexuegan" embryo development and 4 specific proteins of "Wuhexuegan" that were different from Citrus sinesis Osbeck in the embryonic development stage were identified.The 4 proteins were P11(67.0kD,pI 5.1),P12(65.5kD,pI 5.4,P13(97.0kD,pI 5.8),and P14(64.3kD,pI 5.9).Therefore,it is suggested that these 4 specific proteins might play an important role in "Wuhexuegan" embryo differentiation and development.
The method of Coomassie brilliant blue was used to determine the protein content in embryos.It indicated that the protein content in "Wuhexuegan" was higher than that in Citrus sinesis Osbeck at the early stage of embryo development.In order to study the specific proteins of "Wuhexuegan" at the embryonic development stage,two-dimensional electrophoresis technique was employed.As a result,6 new proteins at different stages of "Wuhexuegan" embryo development and 4 specific proteins of "Wuhexuegan" that were different from Citrus sinesis Osbeck in the embryonic development stage were identified.The 4 proteins were P11(67.0kD,pI 5.1),P12(65.5kD,pI 5.4,P13(97.0kD,pI 5.8),and P14(64.3kD,pI 5.9).Therefore,it is suggested that these 4 specific proteins might play an important role in "Wuhexuegan" embryo differentiation and development.
2007, 22(2): 162-166.
Abstract:
Two ex-plants from test tube seedling of Phalaenopsis sp.were cultured on the media containing 6-BA and 2,4-D.From the stem ex-plant,embryogenic callus(EC)with large amounts of starch granules in cell could be induced with the presence of 6-BA.On the other hand,the callus induced with 2,4-D or with both 2,4-D and 6-BA were unable to differentiate.EC could also be induced efficiently from the leaf ex-plant cultured on the medium containing 6-BA.Histological observation and metabolic analysis conducted during somatic embryogenesis showed that,in leaf ex-plant,the DNA content increased slowly initially and sharply on the 25th day of induction.The RNA content increased when induction began,and reached a peak on the 11-18th day.The soluble protein content started to change later than RNA and peaked on the 25th day.
Two ex-plants from test tube seedling of Phalaenopsis sp.were cultured on the media containing 6-BA and 2,4-D.From the stem ex-plant,embryogenic callus(EC)with large amounts of starch granules in cell could be induced with the presence of 6-BA.On the other hand,the callus induced with 2,4-D or with both 2,4-D and 6-BA were unable to differentiate.EC could also be induced efficiently from the leaf ex-plant cultured on the medium containing 6-BA.Histological observation and metabolic analysis conducted during somatic embryogenesis showed that,in leaf ex-plant,the DNA content increased slowly initially and sharply on the 25th day of induction.The RNA content increased when induction began,and reached a peak on the 11-18th day.The soluble protein content started to change later than RNA and peaked on the 25th day.
2007, 22(2): 167-171.
Abstract:
The control of Eichhornia crassipes Solms with glyphosate isopropylamine was evaluated by using leaf-withering index,petiole-withering index,inhibition of new roots,and fresh-weight.Residues of glyphosate isopropylamine in water was also determined.Glyphosate isopropylamine showed a high inhibition effect on new root with an LC50 f 185.54 μg·L-1.The herbicide showed a relatively low toxicity to lamina,petiole and fresh-weight of E.crassipes in the laboratory test.The LC50 on lamina,petiole,and fresh-weight reached 385.89 μg·L-1,475.82 μg·L-1,and 790.86 μg·L-1,respectively.The control of E.crassipes with glyphosate isopropylamine was also conducted in the field.Glyphosate isopropylamine at the dose of 1.91 mg·L-1 inhibited the generation of all new roots.Glyphosate isopropylamine(1.91 mg·L-1) showed 96.69% control efficiency on lamina after treatment for 20 days,while only 85.42% control efficiency was found after 40 days.The control efficiencies of the herbicide on petiole and fresh-weight were were relatively low,i.e.,52.34% and 63.18%,respectively,at the dose of 1.91 mg·L-1.Glyphosate isopropylamine applications in still and running water bodies that were 0%,60%,and 90% covered with E.crassipes were 1.37 mg·L-1,1.91 mg·L-1,and 2.73 mg·L-1,respectively.The glyphosate isopropylamine residues after the applications were all lower than 0.7 mg·L-1,the maximum limit for drinking-water set by EPA in the U.S.
The control of Eichhornia crassipes Solms with glyphosate isopropylamine was evaluated by using leaf-withering index,petiole-withering index,inhibition of new roots,and fresh-weight.Residues of glyphosate isopropylamine in water was also determined.Glyphosate isopropylamine showed a high inhibition effect on new root with an LC50 f 185.54 μg·L-1.The herbicide showed a relatively low toxicity to lamina,petiole and fresh-weight of E.crassipes in the laboratory test.The LC50 on lamina,petiole,and fresh-weight reached 385.89 μg·L-1,475.82 μg·L-1,and 790.86 μg·L-1,respectively.The control of E.crassipes with glyphosate isopropylamine was also conducted in the field.Glyphosate isopropylamine at the dose of 1.91 mg·L-1 inhibited the generation of all new roots.Glyphosate isopropylamine(1.91 mg·L-1) showed 96.69% control efficiency on lamina after treatment for 20 days,while only 85.42% control efficiency was found after 40 days.The control efficiencies of the herbicide on petiole and fresh-weight were were relatively low,i.e.,52.34% and 63.18%,respectively,at the dose of 1.91 mg·L-1.Glyphosate isopropylamine applications in still and running water bodies that were 0%,60%,and 90% covered with E.crassipes were 1.37 mg·L-1,1.91 mg·L-1,and 2.73 mg·L-1,respectively.The glyphosate isopropylamine residues after the applications were all lower than 0.7 mg·L-1,the maximum limit for drinking-water set by EPA in the U.S.
2007, 22(2): 172-175.
Abstract:
The occurrence and development of rice water weevil(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel) were studied in Fujian.The results indicated that the rice water weevils annually developed by one generation.Thus far,significant damages caused by the rice water weevils were only found in two counties,i.e.,Fuding and Xiapu.There were 1597.6 hectares of rice field in total that were infested by the pest.The infested areas were distributed in 21 towns in the two counties by the end of 2004.The occurrence and degree of damage by the rice water weevil were more obviously affected by the rice varieties and the ecotopic environment of paddy fields.The study revealed that the degree of damage by the pests of L.oryzophilus was more serious on glutinous rice than hybrid rice.The density and the damage rate of L.oryzophilus on the seedlings were higher than those on the transplanted plants in the rice field.
The occurrence and development of rice water weevil(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel) were studied in Fujian.The results indicated that the rice water weevils annually developed by one generation.Thus far,significant damages caused by the rice water weevils were only found in two counties,i.e.,Fuding and Xiapu.There were 1597.6 hectares of rice field in total that were infested by the pest.The infested areas were distributed in 21 towns in the two counties by the end of 2004.The occurrence and degree of damage by the rice water weevil were more obviously affected by the rice varieties and the ecotopic environment of paddy fields.The study revealed that the degree of damage by the pests of L.oryzophilus was more serious on glutinous rice than hybrid rice.The density and the damage rate of L.oryzophilus on the seedlings were higher than those on the transplanted plants in the rice field.
2007, 22(2): 176-178.
Abstract:
The field investigation and systematic observation on soybean phytophthora rot showed that the disease occurred mainly in southern Fujian.It caused greater damage to the soybeans planted in the spring,possibly related to the precipitation and the number of rain days from April to June.Soybean phytophthora rot was more serious in the continuous cropped fields.Differences in disease-resistance among varieties of the soybeans also existed.
The field investigation and systematic observation on soybean phytophthora rot showed that the disease occurred mainly in southern Fujian.It caused greater damage to the soybeans planted in the spring,possibly related to the precipitation and the number of rain days from April to June.Soybean phytophthora rot was more serious in the continuous cropped fields.Differences in disease-resistance among varieties of the soybeans also existed.
2007, 22(2): 179-184.
Abstract:
Culture conditions to improve the antagonistic efficiency of the bacteria were investigated using the photosynthetic bacteria medium.It was found that the optimum carbon source was glucose,the optimum nitrogen source(NH4)2HPO4,and MnSO4 H2O and CaCl2 to be eliminated in the medium.The minimum inhibitory concentration on the Rhodospirillaceae under the optimized conditions was 32 AU ml-1,doubled from the original medium.However,there was no effect on the antagonism by the addition of surfactants PEG and D-sorbitol.
Culture conditions to improve the antagonistic efficiency of the bacteria were investigated using the photosynthetic bacteria medium.It was found that the optimum carbon source was glucose,the optimum nitrogen source(NH4)2HPO4,and MnSO4 H2O and CaCl2 to be eliminated in the medium.The minimum inhibitory concentration on the Rhodospirillaceae under the optimized conditions was 32 AU ml-1,doubled from the original medium.However,there was no effect on the antagonism by the addition of surfactants PEG and D-sorbitol.
2007, 22(2): 185-187.
Abstract:
This study was designed to examine the safety and immunogenicity of two inactivated vaccines of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV,Fuzhou-01).The vaccines were inactivated by formalin and concentrated.The oil emulsionor IMS1312 adjuvant-inactivated vaccines contained approximately 108 TCID50(median tissue culture infections dose) PRRSV.Thirty 25-day-old PRRSV-free pigs were randomly divided into five groups to test the safety and efficacy of the vaccines.The results indicated that the PRRSV antibody was detected in 14 days after the initial vaccination,reached the peak value in 14 days after the second vaccination,and was maintained at the ratio of 1:320 in 180 days after the initial vaccination.Both vaccines were stabilized at 4℃ for 12 months and proved to be safe for post-weaning pigs.
This study was designed to examine the safety and immunogenicity of two inactivated vaccines of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV,Fuzhou-01).The vaccines were inactivated by formalin and concentrated.The oil emulsionor IMS1312 adjuvant-inactivated vaccines contained approximately 108 TCID50(median tissue culture infections dose) PRRSV.Thirty 25-day-old PRRSV-free pigs were randomly divided into five groups to test the safety and efficacy of the vaccines.The results indicated that the PRRSV antibody was detected in 14 days after the initial vaccination,reached the peak value in 14 days after the second vaccination,and was maintained at the ratio of 1:320 in 180 days after the initial vaccination.Both vaccines were stabilized at 4℃ for 12 months and proved to be safe for post-weaning pigs.
2007, 22(2): 188-192.
Abstract:
The effects of Yiduozyme P-8901 on the growth of tilapia(Oreochomis nilotica) were studied.Yiduozyme P-8901 was added to the base feed(control) at the rate of 100 g·t-1,150 g·t-1,and 180 g·t-1.There were 420 juvenile tilapia with an average individual body weight of about 5.1 g were randomly divided into 4 groups.Each group comprised 3 repetitions,and 35 fish per repetition.360 adult tilapia averaging 43.1 g each were also randomly divided into 4 groups.Each adult group consisted of 3 repetitions,and 30 fish per repetition.The results showed that in the juvenile groups,the feed efficiencies of the feed containing 100 g t-1,150 g t-1,and 180 g t-1 Yiduozyme P-8901 significantly increased by 8.48%,7.89%,and 9.03%,respectively(P0.05),as compared to the control.The body weight gain rates were significantly higher than the control group by 9.00%,10.33%,and 9.50%,respectively(P0.01);the growth rates significantly increased by 4.28%,5.41%,and 6.56%,respectively(P0.01);and,the protein efficiencies significantly increased by 8.38%,7.75%,and 8.84%,respectively(P0.01).For the adult fish,the feed efficiencies of the feed containing 100 g·t-1,150 g·t-1,and 180 g·t-1 Yiduozyme P-8901,significantly increased by 8.48%,7.89%,and 9.03%,respectively as compared to the control(P0.01);the body weight gain rates significantly increased(P0.05) by 6.31%,7.94%,and 8.82%,respectively;the growth rates significantly increased by 3.68%,4.72%,and 5.26%,respectively(P0.01);and,the protein efficiencies significantly increased by 5.36%,7.53%,and 9.24%,respectively(P0.01).The results suggest that adding enzyme P-8901 to the base feed could significantly improve feed utilization and growth performance.And,the effects were greater on the juvenile than the adult tilapia.
The effects of Yiduozyme P-8901 on the growth of tilapia(Oreochomis nilotica) were studied.Yiduozyme P-8901 was added to the base feed(control) at the rate of 100 g·t-1,150 g·t-1,and 180 g·t-1.There were 420 juvenile tilapia with an average individual body weight of about 5.1 g were randomly divided into 4 groups.Each group comprised 3 repetitions,and 35 fish per repetition.360 adult tilapia averaging 43.1 g each were also randomly divided into 4 groups.Each adult group consisted of 3 repetitions,and 30 fish per repetition.The results showed that in the juvenile groups,the feed efficiencies of the feed containing 100 g t-1,150 g t-1,and 180 g t-1 Yiduozyme P-8901 significantly increased by 8.48%,7.89%,and 9.03%,respectively(P0.05),as compared to the control.The body weight gain rates were significantly higher than the control group by 9.00%,10.33%,and 9.50%,respectively(P0.01);the growth rates significantly increased by 4.28%,5.41%,and 6.56%,respectively(P0.01);and,the protein efficiencies significantly increased by 8.38%,7.75%,and 8.84%,respectively(P0.01).For the adult fish,the feed efficiencies of the feed containing 100 g·t-1,150 g·t-1,and 180 g·t-1 Yiduozyme P-8901,significantly increased by 8.48%,7.89%,and 9.03%,respectively as compared to the control(P0.01);the body weight gain rates significantly increased(P0.05) by 6.31%,7.94%,and 8.82%,respectively;the growth rates significantly increased by 3.68%,4.72%,and 5.26%,respectively(P0.01);and,the protein efficiencies significantly increased by 5.36%,7.53%,and 9.24%,respectively(P0.01).The results suggest that adding enzyme P-8901 to the base feed could significantly improve feed utilization and growth performance.And,the effects were greater on the juvenile than the adult tilapia.
Antioxidant physiological responses of Aegiceras corniculatum seedling root system to cadmium stress
2007, 22(2): 193-196.
Abstract:
The antioxidant physiological responses to cadmium stress,including the contents of malondialaehyde(MDA),superoxide anion(O2·-),peroxide enzyme(POD),catalase(CAT),and the root system activity of Aegiceras corniculatum seedlings were investigated in water-culture condition.The results showed that,under the applications of Cd2+ in the range of 0.25-10 mg·L-1,the activity of root system decreased with increased Cd2+ concentration,while the content of O2·-,MDA,and the activities of POD and CAT increased.It revealed that the membrane-lipid peroxidation brought about by the superoxide anions was the main cause of the Cd2+ damage to Aegiceras corniculatum seedling.On the other hand,the protective enzymes exerted Cd2+ stress resistance at the Cd2+ concentrations from 0.25-10 mg·L-1.It indicated that increasing POD and CAT activities of the seedlings should be considered an important part of peroxidation resistance mechanism of the plant to cadmium pollution.And,the enzymatic activities might be a useful biological indicator of Cd2+ contamination.
The antioxidant physiological responses to cadmium stress,including the contents of malondialaehyde(MDA),superoxide anion(O2·-),peroxide enzyme(POD),catalase(CAT),and the root system activity of Aegiceras corniculatum seedlings were investigated in water-culture condition.The results showed that,under the applications of Cd2+ in the range of 0.25-10 mg·L-1,the activity of root system decreased with increased Cd2+ concentration,while the content of O2·-,MDA,and the activities of POD and CAT increased.It revealed that the membrane-lipid peroxidation brought about by the superoxide anions was the main cause of the Cd2+ damage to Aegiceras corniculatum seedling.On the other hand,the protective enzymes exerted Cd2+ stress resistance at the Cd2+ concentrations from 0.25-10 mg·L-1.It indicated that increasing POD and CAT activities of the seedlings should be considered an important part of peroxidation resistance mechanism of the plant to cadmium pollution.And,the enzymatic activities might be a useful biological indicator of Cd2+ contamination.
2007, 22(2): 197-201.
Abstract:
The membrane lipid peroxidation and protective enzyme systems in the leaves of different varieties of E.urophlla?grandis and E.grandis,such as DH3229,DH3327,T13,and A4,were studied under salt stress.The results showed that ion leakage and MDA content in membrane increased as NaCl concentration increased.The activities of SOD,POD,and CAT increased in low NaCl concentration,and then decreased with increasing NaCl concentrations.There was no significantce difference in SOD activities among the varieties.However,in the range of 0.034~0.136 mol·L-1 NaCl,the POD activity was significantly higher in DH3229 than other varieties.CAT activity was higher in T13 than others under 0.034 mol·L-1 NaCl treatment.
The membrane lipid peroxidation and protective enzyme systems in the leaves of different varieties of E.urophlla?grandis and E.grandis,such as DH3229,DH3327,T13,and A4,were studied under salt stress.The results showed that ion leakage and MDA content in membrane increased as NaCl concentration increased.The activities of SOD,POD,and CAT increased in low NaCl concentration,and then decreased with increasing NaCl concentrations.There was no significantce difference in SOD activities among the varieties.However,in the range of 0.034~0.136 mol·L-1 NaCl,the POD activity was significantly higher in DH3229 than other varieties.CAT activity was higher in T13 than others under 0.034 mol·L-1 NaCl treatment.
Development of the flower industry in Fujian Ⅱ.The goal orientation of the flower industry in Fujian
2007, 22(2): 202-206.
Abstract:
The developmental status and existing problems of the flower industry in Fujian were analyzed.The goals and direction for the development of the flower industry in Fujian were discussed.
The developmental status and existing problems of the flower industry in Fujian were analyzed.The goals and direction for the development of the flower industry in Fujian were discussed.
2007, 22(2): 207-212.
Abstract:
Starting from social and economic development on the West Bank of the Taiwan Strait and the reality of the new countryside construction,this article summarizes and evaluates the poverty-alleviation and development efforts,as well as the challenges and opportunities associated with the policies.It suggests that the poverty-alleviation and development is a significant mission and also an inevitable requirement of the construction of a harmonious,well-off society on the West Bank of the Taiwan Strait.In addition,the authors pointedly bring forward strategies and measures to boost Fujian’s provincial efforts in order to further promote a socialistic harmonious society and the course of new countryside construction.
Starting from social and economic development on the West Bank of the Taiwan Strait and the reality of the new countryside construction,this article summarizes and evaluates the poverty-alleviation and development efforts,as well as the challenges and opportunities associated with the policies.It suggests that the poverty-alleviation and development is a significant mission and also an inevitable requirement of the construction of a harmonious,well-off society on the West Bank of the Taiwan Strait.In addition,the authors pointedly bring forward strategies and measures to boost Fujian’s provincial efforts in order to further promote a socialistic harmonious society and the course of new countryside construction.
2007, 22(2): 213-218.
Abstract:
Fatty acid is an important biomarker.Its application in biology research has become increasingly popular.The method of FAME fingerprint analysis is based on fatty acid’s utilization as a biomarker.This paper describes the FAME fingerprint analysis and its applications for microbial studies,including identification of unknown microbes and assessment of microbial diversity.
Fatty acid is an important biomarker.Its application in biology research has become increasingly popular.The method of FAME fingerprint analysis is based on fatty acid’s utilization as a biomarker.This paper describes the FAME fingerprint analysis and its applications for microbial studies,including identification of unknown microbes and assessment of microbial diversity.
