2006 Vol. 21, No. 4
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Display Method:
2006, 21(4): 299-303.
Abstract:
The study aimed at improving the disadvantage character of restorer line 946 which is R-line of the Jinliangyou 33,the results showed that JXR-33 had been improved distinctly in major traits,such as growth period,plant height,panicles,the grain weight etc.,as well as grain quality.Undering retaining high-yield of Jinliangyou 36,the F1 hybrids such as Hs-3/JXR-33 (Jingliangyou33) showed good grain quality in appearance and high-yield in producing the hybrid seed,and showed a good prospect for commercial production.
The study aimed at improving the disadvantage character of restorer line 946 which is R-line of the Jinliangyou 33,the results showed that JXR-33 had been improved distinctly in major traits,such as growth period,plant height,panicles,the grain weight etc.,as well as grain quality.Undering retaining high-yield of Jinliangyou 36,the F1 hybrids such as Hs-3/JXR-33 (Jingliangyou33) showed good grain quality in appearance and high-yield in producing the hybrid seed,and showed a good prospect for commercial production.
2006, 21(4): 304-307.
Abstract:
From 2004 to 2005,identification of 18 rice new varieties resistant to Magnaporthe grisea were carried out by artificial inoculation in greenhouse and natural inducing in field in Fujian Province.The results showed that tested rice new varieties resistant to Magnaporthe grisea populations isolated before 1996 were higher than to ones isolated in 2003 and 2004.Rice blast fungi isolated from Ningde,Sanming,Longyan areas had stronger virulence to rice new varieties.Identifications results of rice cultivars resistant to seedling blasts in greenhouse was similar to neck blasts in field.By analysis and evaluation,resistance of rice varieties Yixiangyou 673,Dyou15 and Gangyou148 were stronger,and could be applied in production.
From 2004 to 2005,identification of 18 rice new varieties resistant to Magnaporthe grisea were carried out by artificial inoculation in greenhouse and natural inducing in field in Fujian Province.The results showed that tested rice new varieties resistant to Magnaporthe grisea populations isolated before 1996 were higher than to ones isolated in 2003 and 2004.Rice blast fungi isolated from Ningde,Sanming,Longyan areas had stronger virulence to rice new varieties.Identifications results of rice cultivars resistant to seedling blasts in greenhouse was similar to neck blasts in field.By analysis and evaluation,resistance of rice varieties Yixiangyou 673,Dyou15 and Gangyou148 were stronger,and could be applied in production.
2006, 21(4): 308-312.
Abstract:
In a semi-batch reactor,the ozonation kinetics of aqueous carbendazim was explored.The reaction order relative to both dissolved ozone and carbendazim belonged to a first-order type.Thus,the ozonation of aqueous carbendazim followed a quasi-second order reaction.Furthermore,the reaction rate constant was given as k=1.11譭xp (-48864/RT) (L·mol-1·s-1),the apparent activation energy was about 48.86 kJ·mol-1.
In a semi-batch reactor,the ozonation kinetics of aqueous carbendazim was explored.The reaction order relative to both dissolved ozone and carbendazim belonged to a first-order type.Thus,the ozonation of aqueous carbendazim followed a quasi-second order reaction.Furthermore,the reaction rate constant was given as k=1.11譭xp (-48864/RT) (L·mol-1·s-1),the apparent activation energy was about 48.86 kJ·mol-1.
2006, 21(4): 313-316.
Abstract:
218 peanut cultivars were tested to screen and identify their resistance to Sphaceloma arachidis in disease field naturally and artificial inoculated.The results showed that 16 cultivars Aisanke,Yinduhong,Facaisheng and Tiebanqing exihibited the S resistance to Sphaceloma arachidis,including most yincipal cultivars in China such as Eyou116,Quanhua10,Shanyou523 and Eyou551.26 cultivars including Shanyou71,Baisha1016、Jinhua1012 and Luhua12 exihibited the MS grade.61 cultivars including Yuhua15,Huayu17,Huaihua8 and Eyou9 exihibited the MR grade.20 cultivars including P903-2-40,ICG1376,Ganyinxuan1001 and Meiyinxuan41082 exihibited the R grade.Cultivars exihibited MR or R resistance to this disease can be used as the anti-disease parents in sexual hybridization.This result showed the rich disease-resistant genes in peanut germplasm against Sphaceloma arachidis.
218 peanut cultivars were tested to screen and identify their resistance to Sphaceloma arachidis in disease field naturally and artificial inoculated.The results showed that 16 cultivars Aisanke,Yinduhong,Facaisheng and Tiebanqing exihibited the S resistance to Sphaceloma arachidis,including most yincipal cultivars in China such as Eyou116,Quanhua10,Shanyou523 and Eyou551.26 cultivars including Shanyou71,Baisha1016、Jinhua1012 and Luhua12 exihibited the MS grade.61 cultivars including Yuhua15,Huayu17,Huaihua8 and Eyou9 exihibited the MR grade.20 cultivars including P903-2-40,ICG1376,Ganyinxuan1001 and Meiyinxuan41082 exihibited the R grade.Cultivars exihibited MR or R resistance to this disease can be used as the anti-disease parents in sexual hybridization.This result showed the rich disease-resistant genes in peanut germplasm against Sphaceloma arachidis.
2006, 21(4): 317-320.
Abstract:
Citrus huanglongbing (HLB) is caused by Liberibacter whichincludes three species.HLB can be transmitted by seedling and grafting as well as psyllid.There are some diagnoses methods of HLB disease,including the symptom diagnosis of the diseased leaves in field,serum detecting method and the pathogen diagnosis using electron microscopy as well as molecular detecting method,such as PCR.Hitherto,there are no effective methods to protect citrus plant from HLB.The integrated pest management (IPM) is available in protecting the plant from the disease now,such as eliminating the pathogen source and cutting transmitting approach of the HLB,etc.It is very important for both the realization of the pathogen characterization and the management of the disease to study the artificial pathogen culture,disease-resistant plant breeding and disease-inducing mechanism as well as controlling method for the disease.
Citrus huanglongbing (HLB) is caused by Liberibacter whichincludes three species.HLB can be transmitted by seedling and grafting as well as psyllid.There are some diagnoses methods of HLB disease,including the symptom diagnosis of the diseased leaves in field,serum detecting method and the pathogen diagnosis using electron microscopy as well as molecular detecting method,such as PCR.Hitherto,there are no effective methods to protect citrus plant from HLB.The integrated pest management (IPM) is available in protecting the plant from the disease now,such as eliminating the pathogen source and cutting transmitting approach of the HLB,etc.It is very important for both the realization of the pathogen characterization and the management of the disease to study the artificial pathogen culture,disease-resistant plant breeding and disease-inducing mechanism as well as controlling method for the disease.
2006, 21(4): 321-324.
Abstract:
The single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) method was used to analyze for polymorphism at the 5’-flanking region of the HSPA1A gene.The PCR-SSCP products of primer showed polymorphisms and could be divided into four genotypes: AA,AB,AC,CC among 70 Jersey and Holstein cows.The ac genotypic cows showed higher heat tolerant capacity than those of AA,AB,and BB genotype.These mutation sites can be used as molecular genetic markers to assist the selection for anti-heat stress cows.
The single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) method was used to analyze for polymorphism at the 5’-flanking region of the HSPA1A gene.The PCR-SSCP products of primer showed polymorphisms and could be divided into four genotypes: AA,AB,AC,CC among 70 Jersey and Holstein cows.The ac genotypic cows showed higher heat tolerant capacity than those of AA,AB,and BB genotype.These mutation sites can be used as molecular genetic markers to assist the selection for anti-heat stress cows.
2006, 21(4): 325-329.
Abstract:
The recombinant plasmid containing completed β-hemolysin gene of Aeromonas hydrophila was transformed into E.coli DH5α and could express β-hemolysin with native biological function.The ISCOMs included crude purified transformant’s extracellular products (ECPs) was made and named β-hemA-ISCOMs.The result showed it could enhanced the proliferation ability of eel’s lymphocyte and induced immunity significantly by oral administration (P0.05),after challenge,the livability of first immunized was 44.4%.the livability of second immunized was 100%.This was, to our knowledge,the first report about ISCOMs used in eel’s oral administration,indicated that ISCOMs technology could be widely used for producing fish oral vaccines.
The recombinant plasmid containing completed β-hemolysin gene of Aeromonas hydrophila was transformed into E.coli DH5α and could express β-hemolysin with native biological function.The ISCOMs included crude purified transformant’s extracellular products (ECPs) was made and named β-hemA-ISCOMs.The result showed it could enhanced the proliferation ability of eel’s lymphocyte and induced immunity significantly by oral administration (P0.05),after challenge,the livability of first immunized was 44.4%.the livability of second immunized was 100%.This was, to our knowledge,the first report about ISCOMs used in eel’s oral administration,indicated that ISCOMs technology could be widely used for producing fish oral vaccines.
2006, 21(4): 330-333.
Abstract:
The polymorphism of FSHβ gene was detected by PCR amplication,and the correlation between the genotypes of FSHβ gene and reproductive traits was analyzed.The result showed that the frequency of A allele of FSHβ gene in Large white,Landrace and their crossbred were lower as 0.2133,0.1615 and 0.1405 respectively,while the frequency of B allele of FSHβ gene were higher as 0.7867,0.8385 and 0.8595 respectively.There were significant differences between the genotypes of the polymorphism site in Number Born Alive (NBA) and Birth Weight (BW) in first parity sows (P0.05),and were not significant difference in Total Number Born (TNB) and Number Born Weaning (NBW) (P0.05);and there were not significant differences between the genotypes of the polymorphism site with TNB,NBA,BW and NBW in Later parity.
The polymorphism of FSHβ gene was detected by PCR amplication,and the correlation between the genotypes of FSHβ gene and reproductive traits was analyzed.The result showed that the frequency of A allele of FSHβ gene in Large white,Landrace and their crossbred were lower as 0.2133,0.1615 and 0.1405 respectively,while the frequency of B allele of FSHβ gene were higher as 0.7867,0.8385 and 0.8595 respectively.There were significant differences between the genotypes of the polymorphism site in Number Born Alive (NBA) and Birth Weight (BW) in first parity sows (P0.05),and were not significant difference in Total Number Born (TNB) and Number Born Weaning (NBW) (P0.05);and there were not significant differences between the genotypes of the polymorphism site with TNB,NBA,BW and NBW in Later parity.
2006, 21(4): 334-337.
Abstract:
To investigate the effect of probiotics on weaning piglets,the feed antibiotics were substituted by probiotics in a field trial.The performance and biochemistry parameter was determined,including feed efficiency,diarrhea rate,the determination of D-lactic acid,D-xylose and IgA in blood serum,the determination of intestinal S-IgA,villous height and crypt depth.Results showed that the probiotics and antibiotics had similar effect on the growth performance,biochemistry parameter and intestinal morphology of weaning piglets.The feed antibiotics could be substituted by probiotics in weaning piglet feed and Treatment 2 was better.
To investigate the effect of probiotics on weaning piglets,the feed antibiotics were substituted by probiotics in a field trial.The performance and biochemistry parameter was determined,including feed efficiency,diarrhea rate,the determination of D-lactic acid,D-xylose and IgA in blood serum,the determination of intestinal S-IgA,villous height and crypt depth.Results showed that the probiotics and antibiotics had similar effect on the growth performance,biochemistry parameter and intestinal morphology of weaning piglets.The feed antibiotics could be substituted by probiotics in weaning piglet feed and Treatment 2 was better.
2006, 21(4): 338-341.
Abstract:
The culturing technique of isolated microspore was studied by using of thirty cultivars of summer and autumntype radishas donor plants.The embryoids had been obtainedfrom four cultivars of autumn type radish.The results showed the genotype of donor plants played a decisive role in the culture of isolated microspore,somatic embryo yields were significantly increased by low temperature pretreatmentof flower buds.Furthermore,the optimumstage of microspore for the cultivation was uninuclease anaphase,maximum somatic embryo yields was obtained with the heat-shock treatment for 48h at 33℃.The 1/2 NLN-12 medium,containing 0.05 mg·L-16-BA,0.2 (mg·L-1)NAA,0.02 mg·L-1KT,5 mg·L-12,4-D,and 5 mg·L-1AgNO3,0.05 mg·L-1AC,was the optimal mediumfor somatic embryo inducement.
The culturing technique of isolated microspore was studied by using of thirty cultivars of summer and autumntype radishas donor plants.The embryoids had been obtainedfrom four cultivars of autumn type radish.The results showed the genotype of donor plants played a decisive role in the culture of isolated microspore,somatic embryo yields were significantly increased by low temperature pretreatmentof flower buds.Furthermore,the optimumstage of microspore for the cultivation was uninuclease anaphase,maximum somatic embryo yields was obtained with the heat-shock treatment for 48h at 33℃.The 1/2 NLN-12 medium,containing 0.05 mg·L-16-BA,0.2 (mg·L-1)NAA,0.02 mg·L-1KT,5 mg·L-12,4-D,and 5 mg·L-1AgNO3,0.05 mg·L-1AC,was the optimal mediumfor somatic embryo inducement.
2006, 21(4): 342-345.
Abstract:
Some fruit qualitative characters of longyan filial generation which originated from a cross-combination of "Lidongben"×"Qingkebaoyuan",were estimated in this paper.The results showed that the fruit weight,flesh thickness,total soluble solids content,seed weight and edible rate were the quantitative trait inheritance,while the flesh texture was quality trait inheritance.The fruit weigh tended to continuously reduce in regression andysis,and the lower-parent inheritance was evident.The total soluble solids content,seed weigh and flesh texture tended to descendant when their parent’ characters were alike,but they had higher value than their parents.The heterosis in characters of not exuding juice,easy peeling flesh to seed,blue-brown in pericarp and milky in flesh was observed in majority of hybrid progenies,while the seed hilum size mediated between their parents.
Some fruit qualitative characters of longyan filial generation which originated from a cross-combination of "Lidongben"×"Qingkebaoyuan",were estimated in this paper.The results showed that the fruit weight,flesh thickness,total soluble solids content,seed weight and edible rate were the quantitative trait inheritance,while the flesh texture was quality trait inheritance.The fruit weigh tended to continuously reduce in regression andysis,and the lower-parent inheritance was evident.The total soluble solids content,seed weigh and flesh texture tended to descendant when their parent’ characters were alike,but they had higher value than their parents.The heterosis in characters of not exuding juice,easy peeling flesh to seed,blue-brown in pericarp and milky in flesh was observed in majority of hybrid progenies,while the seed hilum size mediated between their parents.
2006, 21(4): 346-349.
Abstract:
Total genome DNA of P.nebrodensis mycelium was extracted by CTAB and the genetic relationships among 13 P.nebrodensis strains were analyzed by RAPD.11 primers of 80 random primers produced stable results.Among 66 bands obtained from 11 primers,50 bands were polymorphic bands which occupied 75.76% of the total amplified bands.Cluster analysis showed that the materials could be divided into 2 groups at the level of D=0.46,which evidently showed that the funnel-shaped fruitbody with a longer stem strains were grouped together,the horseshoe or palm-shaped fruitbody with a very short stem strains were grouped together.The cluster analysis of varieties revealed the relationships among P.nebrodensis strains.
Total genome DNA of P.nebrodensis mycelium was extracted by CTAB and the genetic relationships among 13 P.nebrodensis strains were analyzed by RAPD.11 primers of 80 random primers produced stable results.Among 66 bands obtained from 11 primers,50 bands were polymorphic bands which occupied 75.76% of the total amplified bands.Cluster analysis showed that the materials could be divided into 2 groups at the level of D=0.46,which evidently showed that the funnel-shaped fruitbody with a longer stem strains were grouped together,the horseshoe or palm-shaped fruitbody with a very short stem strains were grouped together.The cluster analysis of varieties revealed the relationships among P.nebrodensis strains.
2006, 21(4): 350-353.
Abstract:
Using six high generation self-hybrid varieties with obvious differences to combine seven hybrid generation combinations.Relationship of agronomic characteristics of F1 hybrid generation such as the skin colour,tumour shape and the first female flower position of the main plant,female flower rate,fruit length,diameter,and their parents were observed.Results showed that no matter hybrid in positive or negative way,the skin colour of F1 balsam pear was mediated between their parents or trended to the light colour;The shape of F1 balsam pear was also between their parents;hybridization of tip tumour and round tumour in positive and negative way,F1 hybrid generation occured tip tumour,showed obvious tip tumour heredity;to F1 hybrid generation,the first female flower position of the main plant majority was mostly mediated between their parents,minority was lower than their parents;the female flower rate within thirty-five nodes of the main plant was between their parents,had a tendency to low female flower rate.hybridization of long shape and short shape fruits in positive and negative way,F1 hybrid generation are all long shape,showed obvious long shape pear heredity;hybrid ization of diameter and flesh in positive and negative way,the diameter and flesh of F1 hybrid generation are almost between the parents,and had tendency to the parents with large value.
Using six high generation self-hybrid varieties with obvious differences to combine seven hybrid generation combinations.Relationship of agronomic characteristics of F1 hybrid generation such as the skin colour,tumour shape and the first female flower position of the main plant,female flower rate,fruit length,diameter,and their parents were observed.Results showed that no matter hybrid in positive or negative way,the skin colour of F1 balsam pear was mediated between their parents or trended to the light colour;The shape of F1 balsam pear was also between their parents;hybridization of tip tumour and round tumour in positive and negative way,F1 hybrid generation occured tip tumour,showed obvious tip tumour heredity;to F1 hybrid generation,the first female flower position of the main plant majority was mostly mediated between their parents,minority was lower than their parents;the female flower rate within thirty-five nodes of the main plant was between their parents,had a tendency to low female flower rate.hybridization of long shape and short shape fruits in positive and negative way,F1 hybrid generation are all long shape,showed obvious long shape pear heredity;hybrid ization of diameter and flesh in positive and negative way,the diameter and flesh of F1 hybrid generation are almost between the parents,and had tendency to the parents with large value.
2006, 21(4): 354-359.
Abstract:
The effects of seven different pumpkin stocks on growth,development,yield and quality of grafted muskmelon were studied.The results showed that the growth and development of the grafted combinations were better than that of the self-rooted muskmelon,with earlier flowering and fruit setting.The yield of muskmelon showed significant difference.The Shengyan melon stock had the highest production in the all grafted combinations,which increased 69.93% than before.And the muskmelon acquired resistance to the disease of Fusarium oxysporumf sp.Cucumerinum and Mycosphaerella melonis (pass.) chiu et walker when grafted.The quality analyses indicated that the grafted muskmelon had lower soluble sugar content but higher protein and Vitamin C content than self-rooted muskmelon,with no significant difference of flesh fiber contents between them. All the combinations had significant difference in both appearance and taste,and 012?023 combination and Shengyan melon stock were recommended for rootstock on the muskmelon.
The effects of seven different pumpkin stocks on growth,development,yield and quality of grafted muskmelon were studied.The results showed that the growth and development of the grafted combinations were better than that of the self-rooted muskmelon,with earlier flowering and fruit setting.The yield of muskmelon showed significant difference.The Shengyan melon stock had the highest production in the all grafted combinations,which increased 69.93% than before.And the muskmelon acquired resistance to the disease of Fusarium oxysporumf sp.Cucumerinum and Mycosphaerella melonis (pass.) chiu et walker when grafted.The quality analyses indicated that the grafted muskmelon had lower soluble sugar content but higher protein and Vitamin C content than self-rooted muskmelon,with no significant difference of flesh fiber contents between them. All the combinations had significant difference in both appearance and taste,and 012?023 combination and Shengyan melon stock were recommended for rootstock on the muskmelon.
2006, 21(4): 360-365.
Abstract:
Three Oolong tea cultivates,including Huangdan,Tieguangying and Benshan,were shaded in summer to probe its effect on tea quality.The results showed that shading in Oolong tea garden during summer could markedly improve the tea quality,decrease the ratio of polyphenol and amino acid,optimize the components of the catechin and fragrance.Under the shading degree of 30%,45% and 60%,the scored of tea quality was much higher than that of control which without shading in summer,and the differences between the treatments were indistinctive.Compared with the control,shading tea garden in summer and hot weather days,the contents of tea polyphenol decreased 2.59%-12.40% and 8.62%-11.05%,the contents of catechin decreased 2.14%-13.63% and 3.09%-10.61%,and that of EGCG decreased 11.17%-29.47%,respectively.The indexes of catechin quality increased 54.13-84.87 and 167-682.The contents of amino acid increased 13.52%-60%,among which the total contents of theanine,threonine and asparagic acid increased 7.57%-19.12%.The fragrance kinds increased by 25-40,and the total contents of the essential oil increased 21.20%-38.85%.The components of fragrance were optimized.
Three Oolong tea cultivates,including Huangdan,Tieguangying and Benshan,were shaded in summer to probe its effect on tea quality.The results showed that shading in Oolong tea garden during summer could markedly improve the tea quality,decrease the ratio of polyphenol and amino acid,optimize the components of the catechin and fragrance.Under the shading degree of 30%,45% and 60%,the scored of tea quality was much higher than that of control which without shading in summer,and the differences between the treatments were indistinctive.Compared with the control,shading tea garden in summer and hot weather days,the contents of tea polyphenol decreased 2.59%-12.40% and 8.62%-11.05%,the contents of catechin decreased 2.14%-13.63% and 3.09%-10.61%,and that of EGCG decreased 11.17%-29.47%,respectively.The indexes of catechin quality increased 54.13-84.87 and 167-682.The contents of amino acid increased 13.52%-60%,among which the total contents of theanine,threonine and asparagic acid increased 7.57%-19.12%.The fragrance kinds increased by 25-40,and the total contents of the essential oil increased 21.20%-38.85%.The components of fragrance were optimized.
2006, 21(4): 370-374.
Abstract:
The anatomical leaf structure of Chinese olive was studied by means of paraffin section and microscopy imaging system.The results showed that the leaf was typical bifacial,upper epidermis consisted of 1-2 layers of rectangular,compactly arranged epidermal cells.The cuticle was thicker on the upper epidermis than on the lower epidermis,leaf vein was protuberant.The palisade tissue was composed of 1-2 layers of long,column-shaped,compactly arranged cells,while cells of the spongy were short and loosely arranged,with the bigger intracellular space.There were many differences that included the thickness of leaf blade,the thickness of epidermis,stomata density and the thickness of palisade tissue so on,but there were minor differences in VPD (vein protuberant degree i.e.thickness of vein/thickness of leaf blade) and CTR (cell tense ratio i.e.the thickness of palisade/thickness of leaf blade) of same variety.Furthermore,the paper discusses the relation of the leaf structure with the ecological adaptability and cold resistance in Chinese olive germplasm.
The anatomical leaf structure of Chinese olive was studied by means of paraffin section and microscopy imaging system.The results showed that the leaf was typical bifacial,upper epidermis consisted of 1-2 layers of rectangular,compactly arranged epidermal cells.The cuticle was thicker on the upper epidermis than on the lower epidermis,leaf vein was protuberant.The palisade tissue was composed of 1-2 layers of long,column-shaped,compactly arranged cells,while cells of the spongy were short and loosely arranged,with the bigger intracellular space.There were many differences that included the thickness of leaf blade,the thickness of epidermis,stomata density and the thickness of palisade tissue so on,but there were minor differences in VPD (vein protuberant degree i.e.thickness of vein/thickness of leaf blade) and CTR (cell tense ratio i.e.the thickness of palisade/thickness of leaf blade) of same variety.Furthermore,the paper discusses the relation of the leaf structure with the ecological adaptability and cold resistance in Chinese olive germplasm.
2006, 21(4): 375-378.
Abstract:
The changes of organic acid contents in two wampee cultivars during fruits ripening and low temperature storage were investigated by HPLC.The results showed that there were citric acid,oxalic acid,malic acid,lactic acid,ascorbic acid etc in wampee fruits,the main organic acids were citric acid and oxalic acid.During the process of fruits ripening,the contents of citric acid and malic acid declined gradually but the contents of oxalic acid,ascorbic acid and lactic acid increased.The contents of total organic acids and all five organic acids really declined in low temperature storage process.The variation of citric acid was the key factor that resulted in the changes of organic acids contents in wampee fruits.
The changes of organic acid contents in two wampee cultivars during fruits ripening and low temperature storage were investigated by HPLC.The results showed that there were citric acid,oxalic acid,malic acid,lactic acid,ascorbic acid etc in wampee fruits,the main organic acids were citric acid and oxalic acid.During the process of fruits ripening,the contents of citric acid and malic acid declined gradually but the contents of oxalic acid,ascorbic acid and lactic acid increased.The contents of total organic acids and all five organic acids really declined in low temperature storage process.The variation of citric acid was the key factor that resulted in the changes of organic acids contents in wampee fruits.
2006, 21(4): 379-383.
Abstract:
The effects of activated charcoal (AC) on meristem culture of the Gladiolus gandavensis,Ficus elastica and Busa cavendishii were investingated.The results showed that AC could significantly strengthen the seedling number,seedling height,root length,root number,and fresh weight of the Gladiolus gandavensi.Except fresh weight,AC could significantly strengthen the other characters of the Busa cavendishii,but could not apparently strengthen the other characters of the Ficus elastica.However,AC could increase the seedling number and root number,which was helpful for regenerating and transplanting of the meristem culture seedlings.
The effects of activated charcoal (AC) on meristem culture of the Gladiolus gandavensis,Ficus elastica and Busa cavendishii were investingated.The results showed that AC could significantly strengthen the seedling number,seedling height,root length,root number,and fresh weight of the Gladiolus gandavensi.Except fresh weight,AC could significantly strengthen the other characters of the Busa cavendishii,but could not apparently strengthen the other characters of the Ficus elastica.However,AC could increase the seedling number and root number,which was helpful for regenerating and transplanting of the meristem culture seedlings.
2006, 21(4): 384-388.
Abstract:
When more and more transgenic rice lines are released into environment,including insect resistance,disease resistance,herbicide resistance,stress tolerance,yield increase and high quality etc.,there are great concerns about environmental safety consequences.This paper has reviewed the recent advances in environmental safety of transgenic rice,involving transgene flow and its ecological risks,non-target effects of transgenes,effects of transgenes on the biological populations in soil and other bio-systems,the risk of transgenic rice to become new weeds ect.,for scientific references to the corresponding biosafety researches and commercialization of transgenic rice in future.
When more and more transgenic rice lines are released into environment,including insect resistance,disease resistance,herbicide resistance,stress tolerance,yield increase and high quality etc.,there are great concerns about environmental safety consequences.This paper has reviewed the recent advances in environmental safety of transgenic rice,involving transgene flow and its ecological risks,non-target effects of transgenes,effects of transgenes on the biological populations in soil and other bio-systems,the risk of transgenic rice to become new weeds ect.,for scientific references to the corresponding biosafety researches and commercialization of transgenic rice in future.
2006, 21(4): 389-392.
Abstract:
Effect of defoliation frequency on the growing characteristics and yield of Pennisetum americanum譖.purpureum were studied under the condition of middle soil fertility and two fertilization rates.The results showed that the annual biomass amounts in the treatments of 30 d,45 d and 60 d defoliation interval were 193.48 t·hm-2,269.75 t·hm-2 and 237.77 t·hm-2 respectively.Defoliation stimulated the tillering trend of Pennisetum americanum譖.purpureum,however,frequent defoliation (30 d) reduced the up-ground biomass,caused the exhaustion of root system.Defoliation in long-term recycle (60 d) resulted in a reduction of biomass production,an increase of stem/leaf ratio.The biomass and growing characteristics of Pennisetum americanum譖.purpureum in the treatment of 45 d defoliation interval were more ideal for its husbandry utilization of grass-eating animals.
Effect of defoliation frequency on the growing characteristics and yield of Pennisetum americanum譖.purpureum were studied under the condition of middle soil fertility and two fertilization rates.The results showed that the annual biomass amounts in the treatments of 30 d,45 d and 60 d defoliation interval were 193.48 t·hm-2,269.75 t·hm-2 and 237.77 t·hm-2 respectively.Defoliation stimulated the tillering trend of Pennisetum americanum譖.purpureum,however,frequent defoliation (30 d) reduced the up-ground biomass,caused the exhaustion of root system.Defoliation in long-term recycle (60 d) resulted in a reduction of biomass production,an increase of stem/leaf ratio.The biomass and growing characteristics of Pennisetum americanum譖.purpureum in the treatment of 45 d defoliation interval were more ideal for its husbandry utilization of grass-eating animals.
2006, 21(4): 393-397.
Abstract:
The effect functions of N.P.K coordinative application on economical yield,fertilization profit and N ratio of split application at different growing stage of scallion were studied by the field experiments with 311-A best regression design of supposed saturation and {3,2} saturated design of single shape check.The results showed that the best N,P,K fertilization quantity for scallion with maximum economical yield was N 317.25 kg·hm-2,P2O56.26 kg·hm-2,K2O 93.34 kg·hm-2respectively.The best N.P.K fertilization quantity for scallion with best fertilization profit was N 310.76 kg·hm-2,P2O5 1.53 kg·hm-2 and K2O 89.93 kg·hm-2.The better N fertilization quantity at different growing stage of scallion (basal dressing,former and latter topdressing) was 74.08、112.24 and 124.68 kg·hm-2 respectively.At the equivalent fertilizer,the quality of scallion was affected by the N,P,K fertilization quantity and N fertilization periods.
The effect functions of N.P.K coordinative application on economical yield,fertilization profit and N ratio of split application at different growing stage of scallion were studied by the field experiments with 311-A best regression design of supposed saturation and {3,2} saturated design of single shape check.The results showed that the best N,P,K fertilization quantity for scallion with maximum economical yield was N 317.25 kg·hm-2,P2O56.26 kg·hm-2,K2O 93.34 kg·hm-2respectively.The best N.P.K fertilization quantity for scallion with best fertilization profit was N 310.76 kg·hm-2,P2O5 1.53 kg·hm-2 and K2O 89.93 kg·hm-2.The better N fertilization quantity at different growing stage of scallion (basal dressing,former and latter topdressing) was 74.08、112.24 and 124.68 kg·hm-2 respectively.At the equivalent fertilizer,the quality of scallion was affected by the N,P,K fertilization quantity and N fertilization periods.
2006, 21(4): 398-402.
Abstract:
This article analyzes and studies the constituents of fatty acids in marine fish oil by gas chromatography.It introduces ways such as to discern the false fish oil from the genuine by the characteristic indexes of fatty acids in fish oil;to distinguish the cheap animal and plant oils from fish oil by the difference of the constituents of fatty acids;to determine the false degree by testing the deviation of the amounts of fatty acids such as C18:2,in constituents which in false oil is different from the characteristic indexes in fish oil.It effectively discerns the false oil from the genuine in the condition that the kinds and sources of samples is unknown.The method is simply and convenient.It can be used to appraise the quality of feeding fish oil.
This article analyzes and studies the constituents of fatty acids in marine fish oil by gas chromatography.It introduces ways such as to discern the false fish oil from the genuine by the characteristic indexes of fatty acids in fish oil;to distinguish the cheap animal and plant oils from fish oil by the difference of the constituents of fatty acids;to determine the false degree by testing the deviation of the amounts of fatty acids such as C18:2,in constituents which in false oil is different from the characteristic indexes in fish oil.It effectively discerns the false oil from the genuine in the condition that the kinds and sources of samples is unknown.The method is simply and convenient.It can be used to appraise the quality of feeding fish oil.
2006, 21(4): 403-406.
Abstract:
In order to define the best turbidimetry condition and key factor between SO2-4 and Ba2+,orthogonal test was applied to investigate the effect of the acidity,the value of buffer solution,the weight of BaCl2,the agitation time and the standing time on the result of turbidimetry.The best experimental conditions were selected by square error analysis.The method was used to total sulfer determination in plant.The recoveries of the method were in a range of 96.8%～104.5%.The method was also applied to the determination of sulfer in standard reference sample (GBW08315) with satisfactory result.
In order to define the best turbidimetry condition and key factor between SO2-4 and Ba2+,orthogonal test was applied to investigate the effect of the acidity,the value of buffer solution,the weight of BaCl2,the agitation time and the standing time on the result of turbidimetry.The best experimental conditions were selected by square error analysis.The method was used to total sulfer determination in plant.The recoveries of the method were in a range of 96.8%～104.5%.The method was also applied to the determination of sulfer in standard reference sample (GBW08315) with satisfactory result.
2006, 21(4): 407-410.
Abstract:
A method for determining propargite residue in vegetables was established by gas chromatography.The vegetable samples were treated with petroleum ether/acetone (1:1) or n-hexane/acetone (1:1),then extracted by agitation,the water-soluble impurities in the extract were removed by liquid-liquid partitioning method,the organic impurities were removed with florisil chromatography,then the detergent of n-hexane/ethyl acetate (95:5) or n-hexane/acetone (95:5) was used to elute propargite.Propargite was determined by GC-FPD (with S optical lamella),separated by"Pesticide Residuaes Ⅱ"capillary column.The results showed that the average recovery of propargite ranged from 88.5%～108.1%,and RSD ranged from 3.14%-9.54%, MDQ was 0.1 ng, LOD was 0.01 mg·kg-1 in vegetable samples.This method is simple,accurate,and it can satisfy the analysis of reality samples.
A method for determining propargite residue in vegetables was established by gas chromatography.The vegetable samples were treated with petroleum ether/acetone (1:1) or n-hexane/acetone (1:1),then extracted by agitation,the water-soluble impurities in the extract were removed by liquid-liquid partitioning method,the organic impurities were removed with florisil chromatography,then the detergent of n-hexane/ethyl acetate (95:5) or n-hexane/acetone (95:5) was used to elute propargite.Propargite was determined by GC-FPD (with S optical lamella),separated by"Pesticide Residuaes Ⅱ"capillary column.The results showed that the average recovery of propargite ranged from 88.5%～108.1%,and RSD ranged from 3.14%-9.54%, MDQ was 0.1 ng, LOD was 0.01 mg·kg-1 in vegetable samples.This method is simple,accurate,and it can satisfy the analysis of reality samples.
2006, 21(4): 411-414.
Abstract:
The effect of thinning on mixed forest of Chinese fir and Manglietia yuyuanensis was studied in this paper.The result showed that thinning was beneficial to the growth of rare tree species-Manglietia yuyuanensis and remained Chinese fir.Compared to those of control,the average DBH and tree height of Manglietia yuyuanensis were improved by 47.2% and 22.1% respectively,the average DBH,tree height and standing volume of Chinese fir were significantly improved by 59.7%,32.3% and 177% respectively after six years of thinning.The average individual net output of Manglietia yuyuanensis and Chinese fir were 7.02 kg·a-1 and 2.13 kg·a-1 respectively.Thus,the stand productivity was enhanced,the output of rare was broad-leaved tree was protected and enhanced,and the stand structure was improved by thing,and then the foresty brought ecological function and social benefit into play mueh more.
The effect of thinning on mixed forest of Chinese fir and Manglietia yuyuanensis was studied in this paper.The result showed that thinning was beneficial to the growth of rare tree species-Manglietia yuyuanensis and remained Chinese fir.Compared to those of control,the average DBH and tree height of Manglietia yuyuanensis were improved by 47.2% and 22.1% respectively,the average DBH,tree height and standing volume of Chinese fir were significantly improved by 59.7%,32.3% and 177% respectively after six years of thinning.The average individual net output of Manglietia yuyuanensis and Chinese fir were 7.02 kg·a-1 and 2.13 kg·a-1 respectively.Thus,the stand productivity was enhanced,the output of rare was broad-leaved tree was protected and enhanced,and the stand structure was improved by thing,and then the foresty brought ecological function and social benefit into play mueh more.
2006, 21(4): 415-419.
Abstract:
Efficient system of in vitro culture and plantlet regeneration of conifer is the base of genetically improving and breeding superior genotype through modern biotechnology.Several ways of in vitro culture and plantlet regeneration of conifer and its research progress were summarized,current problem in the research and the application systems for in vitro culture and plantlet regeneration of conifer were put formard.
Efficient system of in vitro culture and plantlet regeneration of conifer is the base of genetically improving and breeding superior genotype through modern biotechnology.Several ways of in vitro culture and plantlet regeneration of conifer and its research progress were summarized,current problem in the research and the application systems for in vitro culture and plantlet regeneration of conifer were put formard.
2006, 21(4): 420-424.
Abstract:
According to the principle of circular economy and ecological economy,the technology of anaerobic and aerobic fermentation has been combined with a comprehensive utilization route to control sewage pollution in livestock and poultry farm.The practice of sewage treatment in intensive feeding farm in Jingxi Town of Minhou County of Fuzhou City,showed that the sewage pollution in animal husbandry industry could be solved by such a route.The treated sewage indexes for CODCr,BOD5,SS,NH3-N,and TP reached 58 mg·L-1,13.3 mg·L-1,72 mg·L-1,34.9 mg·L-1, 7.2 mg·L-1,respectively,which reach the Intergratel Pollutant Discharge Standard according to "The drainage standard for sewage from livestock and poultry production".The project was run steadily and a remarkable benefits in economy and ecology have been obtained.
According to the principle of circular economy and ecological economy,the technology of anaerobic and aerobic fermentation has been combined with a comprehensive utilization route to control sewage pollution in livestock and poultry farm.The practice of sewage treatment in intensive feeding farm in Jingxi Town of Minhou County of Fuzhou City,showed that the sewage pollution in animal husbandry industry could be solved by such a route.The treated sewage indexes for CODCr,BOD5,SS,NH3-N,and TP reached 58 mg·L-1,13.3 mg·L-1,72 mg·L-1,34.9 mg·L-1, 7.2 mg·L-1,respectively,which reach the Intergratel Pollutant Discharge Standard according to "The drainage standard for sewage from livestock and poultry production".The project was run steadily and a remarkable benefits in economy and ecology have been obtained.
2006, 21(4): 425-429.
Abstract:
The paper expounds source,category and harm of environmental pollution,and puts forward countermeasures to protect human health.The main function of greenplants in controlling air pollutants was analyzed.The paper also shows some air-cleaning plants for purifying and monitoring air pollution.
The paper expounds source,category and harm of environmental pollution,and puts forward countermeasures to protect human health.The main function of greenplants in controlling air pollutants was analyzed.The paper also shows some air-cleaning plants for purifying and monitoring air pollution.
2006, 21(4): 430-435.
Abstract:
Agriculture is the base industry in national economy because it cannot be substituted for and surpassed.Improving general production capability of agriculture plays very significant role in settling issues concerning agriculture,countryside and farmers,and promoting the construction of a new countyside.The article studies indicators system of evaluating general production capability of agriculture.Base on the indicators system,the paper adopts principlal components analysis method and analyses the actualities of general production capability of agriculture in Fujian cities,including issues and conducing factors.According the analysis,the article provides ways of improving general production capability of agriculture.
Agriculture is the base industry in national economy because it cannot be substituted for and surpassed.Improving general production capability of agriculture plays very significant role in settling issues concerning agriculture,countryside and farmers,and promoting the construction of a new countyside.The article studies indicators system of evaluating general production capability of agriculture.Base on the indicators system,the paper adopts principlal components analysis method and analyses the actualities of general production capability of agriculture in Fujian cities,including issues and conducing factors.According the analysis,the article provides ways of improving general production capability of agriculture.
2006, 21(4): 436-440.
Abstract:
The fruit processing got significant development in these years in China,but the differences in scale and technical level between China and developed countries were great.The current status and problem of fruit processing were reviewed and analysed.The development trend of fruit processing in China was pointed out.
The fruit processing got significant development in these years in China,but the differences in scale and technical level between China and developed countries were great.The current status and problem of fruit processing were reviewed and analysed.The development trend of fruit processing in China was pointed out.
2006, 21(4): 366-369.
Abstract:
The difference of root-tip cell micronucleus frequency and salt-sensitive index among 100 Vicia faba varieties were studied.Correlativity among micronucleus frequency,salt-sensitive index and relatively salt damage rate were analyzed by the relatively damage rate of seedlings under salt-stress.Micronucleus test technology was adapted to appraise salt-tolerance of Vicia faba,the Vicia faba micronucleus frequency were 8.3 to 15.3,the salt-sensitive index were 0.33 to 2.56 under 3.0% NaCl.Salt-tolerance of 100 Vacia faba varieties was divided into 5 grades by salt-sensitive index,among whith,3 in Ⅰ,9 in Ⅱ,18 in Ⅲ,32 in Ⅳ and 38 in Ⅴ.
The difference of root-tip cell micronucleus frequency and salt-sensitive index among 100 Vicia faba varieties were studied.Correlativity among micronucleus frequency,salt-sensitive index and relatively salt damage rate were analyzed by the relatively damage rate of seedlings under salt-stress.Micronucleus test technology was adapted to appraise salt-tolerance of Vicia faba,the Vicia faba micronucleus frequency were 8.3 to 15.3,the salt-sensitive index were 0.33 to 2.56 under 3.0% NaCl.Salt-tolerance of 100 Vacia faba varieties was divided into 5 grades by salt-sensitive index,among whith,3 in Ⅰ,9 in Ⅱ,18 in Ⅲ,32 in Ⅳ and 38 in Ⅴ.
