2004 Vol. 19, No. 3
Display Method:
2004, 19(3): 129-132.
Abstract:
The heterosis and correlation of main yield characters in indica hybrid rice were investigated by way of 4?8 incomplete diallel cross design with four sterile lines and eight restorer lines. The results showed that the main yield characters had significant heterosis in indica hybrid rice. The heterosis for grain weight per plant (GWP), number of spikelets per plant (NSP) and number of grains per panicle (NGP) were significantly positive correlation between F1 and female parent, and GWP, straw weight per plant (SWP), NSP, NGP, seed setting (SS) and 1000-grain weight (GW) were significantly positive correlation between F1 and male parent. The correlation degree between F1 and mid-parent was the highest, then followed by that between F1 and high-parent, that between F1 and male parent, that between F1 and female parent. Except GW, other characters were significantly positive correlation between F1 and mid-parent heterosis and over-parent heterosis.
The heterosis and correlation of main yield characters in indica hybrid rice were investigated by way of 4?8 incomplete diallel cross design with four sterile lines and eight restorer lines. The results showed that the main yield characters had significant heterosis in indica hybrid rice. The heterosis for grain weight per plant (GWP), number of spikelets per plant (NSP) and number of grains per panicle (NGP) were significantly positive correlation between F1 and female parent, and GWP, straw weight per plant (SWP), NSP, NGP, seed setting (SS) and 1000-grain weight (GW) were significantly positive correlation between F1 and male parent. The correlation degree between F1 and mid-parent was the highest, then followed by that between F1 and high-parent, that between F1 and male parent, that between F1 and female parent. Except GW, other characters were significantly positive correlation between F1 and mid-parent heterosis and over-parent heterosis.
2004, 19(3): 133-136.
Abstract:
A new sweet potato strain 99-12 with high resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum was bred from Chaoshu 2 (female parent)/97-10 (male parent) in 1999. It had characteristics with high yield and good quality. It also possessed high sprouting ability and good tuberous root shape. The balance of T/R value occured at the time when transplanted 100 days.
A new sweet potato strain 99-12 with high resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum was bred from Chaoshu 2 (female parent)/97-10 (male parent) in 1999. It had characteristics with high yield and good quality. It also possessed high sprouting ability and good tuberous root shape. The balance of T/R value occured at the time when transplanted 100 days.
2004, 19(3): 137-139.
Abstract:
The biological characteristics, the predatory behavior and the controlling efficacy of Cantheconidea concinna Walker were studied, and its applied prospects were discussed. There are many generations a year in eastern Fujian, the climax of population dynamics occurs on July to August. The results showed that the nymph of Cantheconidea concinna Walker had a tendency to suck juice from tea shoot, the 3rd instar of Cantheconidea concinna Walker start to prey, the average daily catching number increased with the increase of the instar of predator, and reduced with the increase of the instar of prey. As the density of larvae of Ectropis obliqua Warren increased, the daily preying capacity of Cantheconidea concinna Walker increased, especially in 3rd instar. The mutual interference effect of the population density of the predator especially in 5th instar to its preying activity was significant. The controlling effect of the nymph of Cantheconidea concinna Walker on larvae of Ectropis obliqua Warren was 34.17% under the ratio of the natural enemy to prey by 4:40.
The biological characteristics, the predatory behavior and the controlling efficacy of Cantheconidea concinna Walker were studied, and its applied prospects were discussed. There are many generations a year in eastern Fujian, the climax of population dynamics occurs on July to August. The results showed that the nymph of Cantheconidea concinna Walker had a tendency to suck juice from tea shoot, the 3rd instar of Cantheconidea concinna Walker start to prey, the average daily catching number increased with the increase of the instar of predator, and reduced with the increase of the instar of prey. As the density of larvae of Ectropis obliqua Warren increased, the daily preying capacity of Cantheconidea concinna Walker increased, especially in 3rd instar. The mutual interference effect of the population density of the predator especially in 5th instar to its preying activity was significant. The controlling effect of the nymph of Cantheconidea concinna Walker on larvae of Ectropis obliqua Warren was 34.17% under the ratio of the natural enemy to prey by 4:40.
2004, 19(3): 140-143.
Abstract:
The structure and diversity of arthropod community in longan orchard were studied. The result showed that there were 102 species of arthropod in longan orchard, they included 54 species of pest, 35 species of natural enemy and 13 species of moderate insect. If judging pest groups by the plant nutrition, Lepidoptera take the first place in the chewing mouthparts pests. Its dominant species were the Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley, Olethreutes leucaspis Meyrick and Conopomorpha litchiella Bradley. The Cornegenapsylla canarium Yang et Li was the dominant species in the piercing-sucking mouthparts pests. The Chrysoperla Sinica (Tjeter), Chilomenes quadriplaglata (Swartz) were the dominant species in the meat nutrition insects group. The Brochymena lasus (Walker), Anastatus japonicus Ashmead and Macrocintrtus addomiulis Fabricius were the dominant species in the parasitical insects group. Analysis on the dynamics of community showed that the indices of the community were obviously fluctuated with time. During the period of June, 29 to Sept, 27, the indices of ecological concentration was low, the diversity and evenness were high. So the structure of arthropod community was rational.
The structure and diversity of arthropod community in longan orchard were studied. The result showed that there were 102 species of arthropod in longan orchard, they included 54 species of pest, 35 species of natural enemy and 13 species of moderate insect. If judging pest groups by the plant nutrition, Lepidoptera take the first place in the chewing mouthparts pests. Its dominant species were the Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley, Olethreutes leucaspis Meyrick and Conopomorpha litchiella Bradley. The Cornegenapsylla canarium Yang et Li was the dominant species in the piercing-sucking mouthparts pests. The Chrysoperla Sinica (Tjeter), Chilomenes quadriplaglata (Swartz) were the dominant species in the meat nutrition insects group. The Brochymena lasus (Walker), Anastatus japonicus Ashmead and Macrocintrtus addomiulis Fabricius were the dominant species in the parasitical insects group. Analysis on the dynamics of community showed that the indices of the community were obviously fluctuated with time. During the period of June, 29 to Sept, 27, the indices of ecological concentration was low, the diversity and evenness were high. So the structure of arthropod community was rational.
2004, 19(3): 144-148.
Abstract:
The morphological character of seeds from L. temulentum, 2 varieties of L. temulentum and 5 allied species of L. temulentum has been studied to identify the hyphae and its structure. The results showed that there were hyphae in the all seeds of L temulentum L, L temulentum var Longiaristum Parnell, L. remotum Schranr, L. Persicum L and L. multiflorum Lan.
The morphological character of seeds from L. temulentum, 2 varieties of L. temulentum and 5 allied species of L. temulentum has been studied to identify the hyphae and its structure. The results showed that there were hyphae in the all seeds of L temulentum L, L temulentum var Longiaristum Parnell, L. remotum Schranr, L. Persicum L and L. multiflorum Lan.
2004, 19(3): 149-151.
Abstract:
One virus isolated from Dahlia pinnata Cav. grown in Xiamen area was identified as an isolate of Cucumber mosaic cucumouirus based on its biological characteristic, particle morphology and serology of the virus isolate. The virus isolate could infect 35 species (or varieties ) of 9 families from 39 species (or varieties ) of 11 tested families. The thermal inactivation point for the virus isolate was 50-55℃; the dilution end point was 10-3 -10-4 and the longevity was 24-48 h. The electron microscopic examination showed the purified virus particle preparations was isometric particles of about 28-30nm in diameter. The virus isolate had strong positive reaction to monoclonal antibodies of CMV by enzyme-linked immunosorhbent assay, and no reaction to monoclonal antibodies of TMV, SqMV, TRSV, TAV, PFWV.
One virus isolated from Dahlia pinnata Cav. grown in Xiamen area was identified as an isolate of Cucumber mosaic cucumouirus based on its biological characteristic, particle morphology and serology of the virus isolate. The virus isolate could infect 35 species (or varieties ) of 9 families from 39 species (or varieties ) of 11 tested families. The thermal inactivation point for the virus isolate was 50-55℃; the dilution end point was 10-3 -10-4 and the longevity was 24-48 h. The electron microscopic examination showed the purified virus particle preparations was isometric particles of about 28-30nm in diameter. The virus isolate had strong positive reaction to monoclonal antibodies of CMV by enzyme-linked immunosorhbent assay, and no reaction to monoclonal antibodies of TMV, SqMV, TRSV, TAV, PFWV.
2004, 19(3): 152-155.
Abstract:
A investigation on the arthropod community and its temporal niches was carried out in Brassica chinensis L. Fields from April to May, 2001. 22 species of arthropod were collected,of which there were 14 species of insect pests, 2 species of insect predators, 4 species of prositoids and two species of spiders. Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius), Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Liriomyza huidobrenisis (Blanchard) were the dominant insect pests. Paederus fuscipes Curtis, Cotesia plutellae Kurdjumov, Aphidius avenae Haliday, Erigondium grarminicolum (Sandevell) were the dominant nature emenies. The temporal niches of the dominant species were analyzed, the relationship between the dominant insect pests and nature enemies and the measures for nature enemy protection were discussed.
A investigation on the arthropod community and its temporal niches was carried out in Brassica chinensis L. Fields from April to May, 2001. 22 species of arthropod were collected,of which there were 14 species of insect pests, 2 species of insect predators, 4 species of prositoids and two species of spiders. Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius), Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Liriomyza huidobrenisis (Blanchard) were the dominant insect pests. Paederus fuscipes Curtis, Cotesia plutellae Kurdjumov, Aphidius avenae Haliday, Erigondium grarminicolum (Sandevell) were the dominant nature emenies. The temporal niches of the dominant species were analyzed, the relationship between the dominant insect pests and nature enemies and the measures for nature enemy protection were discussed.
2004, 19(3): 156-159.
Abstract:
Pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of dual inoculation of a species of VA mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae) and the species of Acetobacter diazotrophicus (Pal5) on growth, phosphorus uptake and mycorrhizal infection rate of super sweet corn. The results showed that mycorrhizal infection of single inoculation (Gm) has been improved, but the effect of double inoculation of Pal5 + Gm was more than that of the single inoculants Gm. So both the single or double inoculation could change the uptake of phosphorus, promote the growth of corn, and increase the biomass and the fruit weight. The double inoculation had positive reciprocal effects on the mycorhizal infection and the plant growth. The biomass order was Pal5 + Gm>Pal5>Gm>CK in the prophase, but that changed as Pal5 + Gm>Gm>Pal5>CK in the latter stage.
Pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of dual inoculation of a species of VA mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae) and the species of Acetobacter diazotrophicus (Pal5) on growth, phosphorus uptake and mycorrhizal infection rate of super sweet corn. The results showed that mycorrhizal infection of single inoculation (Gm) has been improved, but the effect of double inoculation of Pal5 + Gm was more than that of the single inoculants Gm. So both the single or double inoculation could change the uptake of phosphorus, promote the growth of corn, and increase the biomass and the fruit weight. The double inoculation had positive reciprocal effects on the mycorhizal infection and the plant growth. The biomass order was Pal5 + Gm>Pal5>Gm>CK in the prophase, but that changed as Pal5 + Gm>Gm>Pal5>CK in the latter stage.
2004, 19(3): 160-163.
Abstract:
The analyzed results of 23 vegetable superficial soil samples showed that total S content in soil was 354.9 mg·kg-1 and available S content was 26.2 mg·kg-1. The content of available Sin 43.6% samples was lower than critical value (16 mg·kg-1) and available S accounted for 7.4% of the total S. The experiment results showed that yields of Lactuca satiua and Brassica oleraclai increased by sulfur fertilizer at the dosage of 15-60 kg·hm-1. Sulfur nutrient could also improve vegetable quality and decrease accumulation of NO3-. The NO3- content in the center part of Lactuca satiua, Brassica oleraclai and swamp cabbage decreased by 13.0%-56.0%, 24.8%-48.7% and 8.2 %-56.0% respectively compared with the control. The NO3- content in plant of swamp cabbage and litter cabbage applied sulfur fertilizer at pot experiment or liquid experiment in net house decreased more than that in field experiment.
The analyzed results of 23 vegetable superficial soil samples showed that total S content in soil was 354.9 mg·kg-1 and available S content was 26.2 mg·kg-1. The content of available Sin 43.6% samples was lower than critical value (16 mg·kg-1) and available S accounted for 7.4% of the total S. The experiment results showed that yields of Lactuca satiua and Brassica oleraclai increased by sulfur fertilizer at the dosage of 15-60 kg·hm-1. Sulfur nutrient could also improve vegetable quality and decrease accumulation of NO3-. The NO3- content in the center part of Lactuca satiua, Brassica oleraclai and swamp cabbage decreased by 13.0%-56.0%, 24.8%-48.7% and 8.2 %-56.0% respectively compared with the control. The NO3- content in plant of swamp cabbage and litter cabbage applied sulfur fertilizer at pot experiment or liquid experiment in net house decreased more than that in field experiment.
2004, 19(3): 164-168.
Abstract:
The effect of different density and fertilizer application on the photosynthesis, yield and quality of Minzinuo was studied by the population and the fertilizer character test. The result showed that the population leaf area developed reasonable while the planting density was 6.75?104·hm-2 and LAD, NAR and LAI were all the largest, dry matter accumulation was the maximum at the growing stage. The order of contribution to yield was N >K>P. N fertilizer had the largest effect on the weight, protein content and starch content of maize. The Optimal of N, P, K was N 187.5 kg·hm-2, P112.5 kg·hm-2 and K 180 kg·hm-2.
The effect of different density and fertilizer application on the photosynthesis, yield and quality of Minzinuo was studied by the population and the fertilizer character test. The result showed that the population leaf area developed reasonable while the planting density was 6.75?104·hm-2 and LAD, NAR and LAI were all the largest, dry matter accumulation was the maximum at the growing stage. The order of contribution to yield was N >K>P. N fertilizer had the largest effect on the weight, protein content and starch content of maize. The Optimal of N, P, K was N 187.5 kg·hm-2, P112.5 kg·hm-2 and K 180 kg·hm-2.
2004, 19(3): 169-173.
Abstract:
The environmental qualities of cultivating soils in Licheng District were evaluated by the technologies of GPS and GIS. The results showed that the overall environmental qualities of cultivating soils in Licheng District were much higher, but part soils have been seriously polluted. The areas of unpolluted cultivating soils were 85.71% of the total soils in Licheng, and those which were lightly, medially and seriously polluted accounted for 13.26%, 0.13% and 0.89% of the total respectively. The areas of polluted cultivating soils in plain were much larger than those in other area. The main type of polluted cultivating soil was paddy field. The areas of polluted paddy field were 78.72% of total polluted cultivating soils. The unpolluted soil were gray salt paddy soil, yellow mud sandy paddy soil,lateritic sandy soil, gray mud paddy soil and red mud soil, and those which were much seriously polluted were gray salt paddy soil, salt sandy mud soil and lateritic area sandy soil. The preventing and treating measures of environmental pollution in cultivating soils were suggested based on the evaluating results of environmental quality of cultivated soils in Licheng District.
The environmental qualities of cultivating soils in Licheng District were evaluated by the technologies of GPS and GIS. The results showed that the overall environmental qualities of cultivating soils in Licheng District were much higher, but part soils have been seriously polluted. The areas of unpolluted cultivating soils were 85.71% of the total soils in Licheng, and those which were lightly, medially and seriously polluted accounted for 13.26%, 0.13% and 0.89% of the total respectively. The areas of polluted cultivating soils in plain were much larger than those in other area. The main type of polluted cultivating soil was paddy field. The areas of polluted paddy field were 78.72% of total polluted cultivating soils. The unpolluted soil were gray salt paddy soil, yellow mud sandy paddy soil,lateritic sandy soil, gray mud paddy soil and red mud soil, and those which were much seriously polluted were gray salt paddy soil, salt sandy mud soil and lateritic area sandy soil. The preventing and treating measures of environmental pollution in cultivating soils were suggested based on the evaluating results of environmental quality of cultivated soils in Licheng District.
2004, 19(3): 174-177.
Abstract:
The effect function of N application ratio during different growing periods of lettuce (Var. asparagina Bailey) was studied by the field experiments with {3,3} saturated design of single shape focus check. The results showed that better ratio of N application as basal dressing, early and late topdressing for higher expecting economical yield of 45.340 t·hm-2 were Z1 = 0.402, Z2 = 0.328, Z3 = 0.270, and the N rates were Z’1= 37.79 kg·hm-2, Z’2 = 30.83 kg·hm-2, Z’3 = 25. 38 kg·hm-2, respectively. Different nitrogenous fertilizer structure had no significant effect on soluble solids, reduced sugar, titratable acidity and nitrite content of lettuce, but had significant effect on total sugar, vitamin C and nitrate content.
The effect function of N application ratio during different growing periods of lettuce (Var. asparagina Bailey) was studied by the field experiments with {3,3} saturated design of single shape focus check. The results showed that better ratio of N application as basal dressing, early and late topdressing for higher expecting economical yield of 45.340 t·hm-2 were Z1 = 0.402, Z2 = 0.328, Z3 = 0.270, and the N rates were Z’1= 37.79 kg·hm-2, Z’2 = 30.83 kg·hm-2, Z’3 = 25. 38 kg·hm-2, respectively. Different nitrogenous fertilizer structure had no significant effect on soluble solids, reduced sugar, titratable acidity and nitrite content of lettuce, but had significant effect on total sugar, vitamin C and nitrate content.
2004, 19(3): 178-180.
Abstract:
Micropropagation of pineapple [Ananas comosus (L. ) Merr] was carried out by using the stem segments from flower and crown buds as the explants. The results showed that the explants would bud on the medium MS + NAA 0.5 mg·L-1+ BA 5.0 mg·L-1 after culturing for one or two weeks. And the medium: MS + BA 3.0 mg·L-1 + NAA 0.5 mg·L-1 was the optimum medium for subculture, on which buds propagated, rootled, and grew well. The survival rate of the plantlets was up to 90% when transplanting them on media contained equal volume of coconut-bran and sand.
Micropropagation of pineapple [Ananas comosus (L. ) Merr] was carried out by using the stem segments from flower and crown buds as the explants. The results showed that the explants would bud on the medium MS + NAA 0.5 mg·L-1+ BA 5.0 mg·L-1 after culturing for one or two weeks. And the medium: MS + BA 3.0 mg·L-1 + NAA 0.5 mg·L-1 was the optimum medium for subculture, on which buds propagated, rootled, and grew well. The survival rate of the plantlets was up to 90% when transplanting them on media contained equal volume of coconut-bran and sand.
2004, 19(3): 181-184.
Abstract:
The studies of symmetrical fusion of protoplasts isolated from Cuixiu mini cucumber (Cucummis sativus L. ) and fig-baf gourd (Cucurbita ficifolia Bouche) were carried out. The results indicated that the conditions could lead to the best effect of cell fusion were using 0.5 mol·L-1 mannitol as fusional solution and setting the alternating current field intensity at 25 V·cm-1, the alternating current frequency at 2000 kHz, the direct current intensity at 200 V·cm-1, the direct current pulse width at 40μs and 3 direct pulse times. After cultured in shallow-layer liquid medium, large numbers of callus were regenerated. The genetic identification of callus and the plant regeneration were also evaluated.
The studies of symmetrical fusion of protoplasts isolated from Cuixiu mini cucumber (Cucummis sativus L. ) and fig-baf gourd (Cucurbita ficifolia Bouche) were carried out. The results indicated that the conditions could lead to the best effect of cell fusion were using 0.5 mol·L-1 mannitol as fusional solution and setting the alternating current field intensity at 25 V·cm-1, the alternating current frequency at 2000 kHz, the direct current intensity at 200 V·cm-1, the direct current pulse width at 40μs and 3 direct pulse times. After cultured in shallow-layer liquid medium, large numbers of callus were regenerated. The genetic identification of callus and the plant regeneration were also evaluated.
2004, 19(3): 185-188.
Abstract:
The anther of Manilkata zapota (L) Royan consists of epidermis (one layer), endothecium (one layer), middle layer (four layers). tapetum (one layer) and aporgenous cells. The anther has four chambers and the anther wall developed into dicotyledonous type. The male gametophyte development was observed as follows: with the meiosis of mother cells in microspore, tetrad is formed of which the cytokinesis is simultaneous type and the arrangement is tetrahedral; the micropores completed the mitosis and generated double-cell pollen; the mature pollen is double-nucleus. The epidermis disappeared at the uninuclear microspore stage, the middle layer disappeared at tetrad stage, and the endothecium extended longitudinally and formed colummar fibrous layer at uninuclear microspore stage. The tapetum cells disappeared at uninuelear microspore stage and the tapetum is single nuclear glandular one. The experimental results of artificial germination of pollens showed that the pollen germination rate was very low. The natural germination of pollens were simultaneously obserserved on stigma.
The anther of Manilkata zapota (L) Royan consists of epidermis (one layer), endothecium (one layer), middle layer (four layers). tapetum (one layer) and aporgenous cells. The anther has four chambers and the anther wall developed into dicotyledonous type. The male gametophyte development was observed as follows: with the meiosis of mother cells in microspore, tetrad is formed of which the cytokinesis is simultaneous type and the arrangement is tetrahedral; the micropores completed the mitosis and generated double-cell pollen; the mature pollen is double-nucleus. The epidermis disappeared at the uninuclear microspore stage, the middle layer disappeared at tetrad stage, and the endothecium extended longitudinally and formed colummar fibrous layer at uninuclear microspore stage. The tapetum cells disappeared at uninuelear microspore stage and the tapetum is single nuclear glandular one. The experimental results of artificial germination of pollens showed that the pollen germination rate was very low. The natural germination of pollens were simultaneously obserserved on stigma.
2004, 19(3): 189-192.
Abstract:
The effect of different store and transport humidity (50%, 70%, 90%) on the main quality index of tomato seedlings during store and transport was studied. The results showed that activity of root system decreased by 87.68%, 68.93% and 72.93% respectively; Chlorophyll content decreased by 69.39%, 58.71% and 66.65% respectively on the 9th day. The decrease of activity of root system and chlorophyll content in 70% humidity were relatively little, and after field planting, heart leave grew faster, seedlings quality was the better.
The effect of different store and transport humidity (50%, 70%, 90%) on the main quality index of tomato seedlings during store and transport was studied. The results showed that activity of root system decreased by 87.68%, 68.93% and 72.93% respectively; Chlorophyll content decreased by 69.39%, 58.71% and 66.65% respectively on the 9th day. The decrease of activity of root system and chlorophyll content in 70% humidity were relatively little, and after field planting, heart leave grew faster, seedlings quality was the better.
