1996 Vol. 11, No. 4
Display Method:
1996, 11(4): 1-6.
Abstract:
The cultivated area of "shanyou 63" has been kept the first in China since 1986. The average cultivated area was 4. 67 million hm2 per year, accounted for 22% of the total area of indica zone in China and more than 6.67 million hm2 in 1990.It is almost cultivated all over the indica cultivated zone from17°36’N to 37°49’N and from 100°36’E to 121°56’N. It has been cultivated 5267 million hm2 and in-creased about 58.5 billion kg grain from the year 1986 to 1 995. According to the national regional yield trial, it increased 1112 kg grain per hm2 comparcd with CK. General grain yield was 7500 kg to 9000 kg and the highest was 13. 9 kg per hm2. It has good ratoon ability and the grain yield ol ratconing rice reached 8231 kg per hm2. In this article,the author also introduce the breeding course,yield constitu-tim,photosynthesis characteristics, resistant ability and gain quality of Shanyou 63 and sunmarize the successful breeding pratice of Shanyou 63.
The cultivated area of "shanyou 63" has been kept the first in China since 1986. The average cultivated area was 4. 67 million hm2 per year, accounted for 22% of the total area of indica zone in China and more than 6.67 million hm2 in 1990.It is almost cultivated all over the indica cultivated zone from17°36’N to 37°49’N and from 100°36’E to 121°56’N. It has been cultivated 5267 million hm2 and in-creased about 58.5 billion kg grain from the year 1986 to 1 995. According to the national regional yield trial, it increased 1112 kg grain per hm2 comparcd with CK. General grain yield was 7500 kg to 9000 kg and the highest was 13. 9 kg per hm2. It has good ratoon ability and the grain yield ol ratconing rice reached 8231 kg per hm2. In this article,the author also introduce the breeding course,yield constitu-tim,photosynthesis characteristics, resistant ability and gain quality of Shanyou 63 and sunmarize the successful breeding pratice of Shanyou 63.
1996, 11(4): 7-10.
Abstract:
The Yield of rice hybrid seed preduction was obviously fluctuated(ranging from 580.5 to 3024.0kg/hm2)in Putian county during the past decate. The main reason was that the setting percent-age of female parent sharply different in various years,ranging from 11. 25%to 40. 87%. The correla-tive analysis between the yield of hybrid seed and its components as well as meterological factors showed that the factors including average temperattire,relative humidity and other weather conditions during rice heading and blooming phases had greatly effected on the allogamous setting percentage of female parent.The setting percentage would markedly decreased if florescence occured under low temperature(daily temperature lower than 25℃), arid(relative humidity lower than 70%),and plum rains(more than 3 days) or typhoon condition. The above unfavourable factors were the main restrictions in increasing and stablizing the yield of hybrid seed in Putian County.Concerning the statistical meteorological materials and the long time weather reports(from 1～9 months),we try to find out the favourable time to safe blooming. That is the basic measure of increasing and stablizing the yield of hybrid seed production.
The Yield of rice hybrid seed preduction was obviously fluctuated(ranging from 580.5 to 3024.0kg/hm2)in Putian county during the past decate. The main reason was that the setting percent-age of female parent sharply different in various years,ranging from 11. 25%to 40. 87%. The correla-tive analysis between the yield of hybrid seed and its components as well as meterological factors showed that the factors including average temperattire,relative humidity and other weather conditions during rice heading and blooming phases had greatly effected on the allogamous setting percentage of female parent.The setting percentage would markedly decreased if florescence occured under low temperature(daily temperature lower than 25℃), arid(relative humidity lower than 70%),and plum rains(more than 3 days) or typhoon condition. The above unfavourable factors were the main restrictions in increasing and stablizing the yield of hybrid seed in Putian County.Concerning the statistical meteorological materials and the long time weather reports(from 1～9 months),we try to find out the favourable time to safe blooming. That is the basic measure of increasing and stablizing the yield of hybrid seed production.
1996, 11(4): 11-14.
Abstract:
Compared with Sowing by hand,sowing wheat and barley by machine in paddy field in the coastal areas in Fujian can save work by 65.6%-71.8%;and decrease the cost bv 21.6%-33.5% and enhance the benefit hy 20.2%-54.0%,promote the quantity of the ear and its yield. It will play an important role in incrcasing grain yield in Fujian.
Compared with Sowing by hand,sowing wheat and barley by machine in paddy field in the coastal areas in Fujian can save work by 65.6%-71.8%;and decrease the cost bv 21.6%-33.5% and enhance the benefit hy 20.2%-54.0%,promote the quantity of the ear and its yield. It will play an important role in incrcasing grain yield in Fujian.
1996, 11(4): 15-18.
Abstract:
Six early season Indica Hybrid rice combinations and their parents were used as materials to compare and analyse the relationship between cooking and eating quality of early seasen Indica Hybrid Rice and their parents. Results showed that the GC (gel consistency)、 GT (gelatinization temp) and AC (amylose content)of early season Indica Hybrid Rice were mainly effected by the specific property of their parents.The effects of soil and surroundings were unimportant. The GC、 GT and AC of early season Indica Hybrid Rice were between their restore lines and male sterile lines. The GC and GT of male sterile lines were lower than that of restore lines. However the AC of male sterile lines was higher than that of restore lines. The AC and GT of early Indica Hybrid Rice were interrelated to that of their restore lines.
Six early season Indica Hybrid rice combinations and their parents were used as materials to compare and analyse the relationship between cooking and eating quality of early seasen Indica Hybrid Rice and their parents. Results showed that the GC (gel consistency)、 GT (gelatinization temp) and AC (amylose content)of early season Indica Hybrid Rice were mainly effected by the specific property of their parents.The effects of soil and surroundings were unimportant. The GC、 GT and AC of early season Indica Hybrid Rice were between their restore lines and male sterile lines. The GC and GT of male sterile lines were lower than that of restore lines. However the AC of male sterile lines was higher than that of restore lines. The AC and GT of early Indica Hybrid Rice were interrelated to that of their restore lines.
1996, 11(4): 19-22.
Abstract:
Mouse marrow cell was hybridized by immunized BALB/C mouse spleen cell of xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzicola. Five hybridoma cell lines,M23,M6,M17,M260and M29,secreting mono-clonal antibodies(McAbs)against xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzicola were established. Each of these five McAbs was reacted individtially with 128 xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzicola from different areas in ELISA. The result showed that five antigen determinants and seven mono antiserotypes(McAb Ⅰ-Ⅶ)were distinguished from these strains. The result reveals that it is possible to classify pathogenic bac-teria by McAbs.
Mouse marrow cell was hybridized by immunized BALB/C mouse spleen cell of xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzicola. Five hybridoma cell lines,M23,M6,M17,M260and M29,secreting mono-clonal antibodies(McAbs)against xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzicola were established. Each of these five McAbs was reacted individtially with 128 xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzicola from different areas in ELISA. The result showed that five antigen determinants and seven mono antiserotypes(McAb Ⅰ-Ⅶ)were distinguished from these strains. The result reveals that it is possible to classify pathogenic bac-teria by McAbs.
1996, 11(4): 23-28.
Abstract:
Breeding cold-resistant crop varieties is very important for agriculture. Crop varieties resistant to low temperature can be bred hy means of plant genetic engineering without influencing the plant’s yield and quality. There are two kinds of genes being used in plant cold-resistant genetic engineering:plant cold-resistant relative genes and fish antifreeze protein genes. In this paper, the structure and the cold-resistant mechanism of these genes were reviewed,the results and advances of study on these genes were intrduced,the future study and application of them were predicted.
Breeding cold-resistant crop varieties is very important for agriculture. Crop varieties resistant to low temperature can be bred hy means of plant genetic engineering without influencing the plant’s yield and quality. There are two kinds of genes being used in plant cold-resistant genetic engineering:plant cold-resistant relative genes and fish antifreeze protein genes. In this paper, the structure and the cold-resistant mechanism of these genes were reviewed,the results and advances of study on these genes were intrduced,the future study and application of them were predicted.
1996, 11(4): 29-34.
Abstract:
One virus isolated from mosaic disease of banana introduced from the PhilippInes and grown in Xiamen area,was identified as an isolate of cucumber mosaic cucumovirus subgroup Ⅱ,based on its bio-logical propertles,particle morphology and serology of the virus isolate. The virus isolate could infect 47 species (or varieties) of ten famllies from 63 species (or varieties) of 11 tested families and be also transmitted by Aphis gossypii. The thermal inactivation point for the virus isolate was 50-55℃;the dilution end point was 1:10-3-10-4, and the longevity in vitro was 24-48h. The electron microscopic examination of the purified virus particle preparations showed isometric particles of ahout 28-30nm in diameter.The antiserum obtained had a homologous titre of 1:64 in gel diffusion tests. The virus isolate had strong positive reaction to monoclonal antibodies of CMV ToRS serogroup in double antibodies sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
One virus isolated from mosaic disease of banana introduced from the PhilippInes and grown in Xiamen area,was identified as an isolate of cucumber mosaic cucumovirus subgroup Ⅱ,based on its bio-logical propertles,particle morphology and serology of the virus isolate. The virus isolate could infect 47 species (or varieties) of ten famllies from 63 species (or varieties) of 11 tested families and be also transmitted by Aphis gossypii. The thermal inactivation point for the virus isolate was 50-55℃;the dilution end point was 1:10-3-10-4, and the longevity in vitro was 24-48h. The electron microscopic examination of the purified virus particle preparations showed isometric particles of ahout 28-30nm in diameter.The antiserum obtained had a homologous titre of 1:64 in gel diffusion tests. The virus isolate had strong positive reaction to monoclonal antibodies of CMV ToRS serogroup in double antibodies sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
1996, 11(4): 35-38.
Abstract:
The experimental results showed that:there were two peak periods of N requirement in fruit,they were flowering and rapid growth stage ; K requirement peak period in fruit occured at rapid growth stage of false episperm; P requirement in fruit was relatively stable. Correlationship of N, P and K mineral nutrition between fruit and leaf was showed as followings: there was no significant correlation-ship of N,but significant correlationship of P and weakly negative correlationship of K. Distribution of each element in difterent issues of fruit was showed that : N content was high in fruit coat and nucleus;there was much K in mesocarp; most Ca and Mg occured in fruit coat; the distribution of P was relatively balance.
The experimental results showed that:there were two peak periods of N requirement in fruit,they were flowering and rapid growth stage ; K requirement peak period in fruit occured at rapid growth stage of false episperm; P requirement in fruit was relatively stable. Correlationship of N, P and K mineral nutrition between fruit and leaf was showed as followings: there was no significant correlation-ship of N,but significant correlationship of P and weakly negative correlationship of K. Distribution of each element in difterent issues of fruit was showed that : N content was high in fruit coat and nucleus;there was much K in mesocarp; most Ca and Mg occured in fruit coat; the distribution of P was relatively balance.
1996, 11(4): 39-42.
Abstract:
From 1991 to 1993, contents of N、P、K, Ca and Mg in the leaves of spring shoots in xue-gan and Fuju were analysed, and the index of DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated Sys-tem) was determinated. The equilibrium of such elements was investigated.The index showed that the orchard in hilly land was deficient in Ca and Mg. Effects of applying Ca and Mg ferilizer on thc contents of nutrition elements in the leaf.yield and fruit character were also investigated.
From 1991 to 1993, contents of N、P、K, Ca and Mg in the leaves of spring shoots in xue-gan and Fuju were analysed, and the index of DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated Sys-tem) was determinated. The equilibrium of such elements was investigated.The index showed that the orchard in hilly land was deficient in Ca and Mg. Effects of applying Ca and Mg ferilizer on thc contents of nutrition elements in the leaf.yield and fruit character were also investigated.
1996, 11(4): 43-47.
Abstract:
After the harvesting of broccoli,the contents of toluble protein and ascorbic acid (AsA) together with the activities of superoxjide dismutase (SOD) and lifxjxldase (LOX) decreased constantly; lipid peroxidation increased,causing senescence in the flower buds. The effects of exogenous AsA on deferring the senescence varied with different AsA concentrations and times of treatment. 100mg/L AsA deferred the senescence slightly; 50mg/l AsA didn’t show evident deferring effect;while 200 mg/L and 100mg/L AsA with daily treatment promoted the senescence. The defer-ring effect of lower AsA concentration on the senescence was mainly related to the delay of endogenous AsA degradation and the stimulation of SOD activity. The decrease of LOX activity didn’t play an important role in deferring senescence. The promoting effect of higher AsA concentration on the senescence was probahly related to thedecrease of SOD activity,the promotion of Fenton reaction and the formation of free radical.OH which had stronger oxidizing force.
After the harvesting of broccoli,the contents of toluble protein and ascorbic acid (AsA) together with the activities of superoxjide dismutase (SOD) and lifxjxldase (LOX) decreased constantly; lipid peroxidation increased,causing senescence in the flower buds. The effects of exogenous AsA on deferring the senescence varied with different AsA concentrations and times of treatment. 100mg/L AsA deferred the senescence slightly; 50mg/l AsA didn’t show evident deferring effect;while 200 mg/L and 100mg/L AsA with daily treatment promoted the senescence. The defer-ring effect of lower AsA concentration on the senescence was mainly related to the delay of endogenous AsA degradation and the stimulation of SOD activity. The decrease of LOX activity didn’t play an important role in deferring senescence. The promoting effect of higher AsA concentration on the senescence was probahly related to thedecrease of SOD activity,the promotion of Fenton reaction and the formation of free radical.OH which had stronger oxidizing force.
The Path Analysis and Correlation Inheritance on the Main Quantitative Characters of Chinese Cabbage
1996, 11(4): 48-51.
Abstract:
The relationships between 9 quantitative characters and production were studied by means of correlation and path analysis. The rerqults showed that the numbers of out leaf and mund leaf and full weight had high genetic variability but low heritability; the round diameter、Ieaf width and stem width had little genetic variation but high heritability; The round length had high genetic heritability and varia-tion. There were significant positive correlation between the round-leaf diameter,weight,stem width and production. The path analysis demonstrated these inheritance correlations, which showed that the characters of weight, round diameter, leaf width, stem width were the main effective factors for productions.
The relationships between 9 quantitative characters and production were studied by means of correlation and path analysis. The rerqults showed that the numbers of out leaf and mund leaf and full weight had high genetic variability but low heritability; the round diameter、Ieaf width and stem width had little genetic variation but high heritability; The round length had high genetic heritability and varia-tion. There were significant positive correlation between the round-leaf diameter,weight,stem width and production. The path analysis demonstrated these inheritance correlations, which showed that the characters of weight, round diameter, leaf width, stem width were the main effective factors for productions.
1996, 11(4): 52-55.
Abstract:
Analysis on plant of vegetable soybean variety 292 were carrled out at two compound leaves,flower-beginning, pod-setting and pod-picking stages, respectively. The results showed that: (1) The dry matter accumulated the most quickly durhg the period from pod-setting to pod-picking and accounted for 43.98% of the total accumulated amoun. The daily gain was the most quickly from flower-beginning to pod setting stages. (2) The content of nitrogen and phosphorous were the highest in leaves at the stage fron、seedling to flower-beginning. The content of potassium was the highest in stems. The content of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium were the highest in pods.(3) The content of nitrogen, phos-phorous and potassium varied greatly with different organs. The content of nitrogen was leaf flower and podstem; The content of phosphorous was flower and podleaf. stem. The content of potassium was stem leaf flower and pod. (4) To produce 100kg fresh pods,1.73kg nitrogen,0.19kg P2O5 and 0.94kg K2O were needed, with the ratio of N:P:K 1:0.11:0.54
Analysis on plant of vegetable soybean variety 292 were carrled out at two compound leaves,flower-beginning, pod-setting and pod-picking stages, respectively. The results showed that: (1) The dry matter accumulated the most quickly durhg the period from pod-setting to pod-picking and accounted for 43.98% of the total accumulated amoun. The daily gain was the most quickly from flower-beginning to pod setting stages. (2) The content of nitrogen and phosphorous were the highest in leaves at the stage fron、seedling to flower-beginning. The content of potassium was the highest in stems. The content of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium were the highest in pods.(3) The content of nitrogen, phos-phorous and potassium varied greatly with different organs. The content of nitrogen was leaf flower and podstem; The content of phosphorous was flower and podleaf. stem. The content of potassium was stem leaf flower and pod. (4) To produce 100kg fresh pods,1.73kg nitrogen,0.19kg P2O5 and 0.94kg K2O were needed, with the ratio of N:P:K 1:0.11:0.54
1996, 11(4): 56-60.
Abstract:
According to the two experiments by the orthogonal design L9(34),the optimum levcl of methionlne-Cu,Fe, Zn and Mn complex was chosen in the formula feed of laying ducks. The composition was Cu 3mg/kg, Fu 20mg/kg,Zn 60mg/kg and Mn 55mg/kg. The effect on the laying and meat duck’s growth was tested in this same level,and adding inorganic salt as control. The results showed that: 1)In the trial of laying ducks, the egg production rate and feed conversion were increased by 10.82% and 10.67% respectively(P0.01),compared with the control group. 2)In the trial of meat ducksk, the feed conversion was increased by 5.35% and the weight gain of male and female meat ducks were increased by 2.02% and 12.90% respectively,compared with the control.It was suggested that methionine Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn complex compound could be used as an ideal feed additive to inprove laying performance,growth performance and feed conversion of ducks.
According to the two experiments by the orthogonal design L9(34),the optimum levcl of methionlne-Cu,Fe, Zn and Mn complex was chosen in the formula feed of laying ducks. The composition was Cu 3mg/kg, Fu 20mg/kg,Zn 60mg/kg and Mn 55mg/kg. The effect on the laying and meat duck’s growth was tested in this same level,and adding inorganic salt as control. The results showed that: 1)In the trial of laying ducks, the egg production rate and feed conversion were increased by 10.82% and 10.67% respectively(P0.01),compared with the control group. 2)In the trial of meat ducksk, the feed conversion was increased by 5.35% and the weight gain of male and female meat ducks were increased by 2.02% and 12.90% respectively,compared with the control.It was suggested that methionine Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn complex compound could be used as an ideal feed additive to inprove laying performance,growth performance and feed conversion of ducks.
