1995 Vol. 10, No. 1
Display Method:
1995, 10(1): 1-6.
Abstract:
The results indicated that, the annual averaged yield of hybrid rice with double cropping in Longhai was 15.6～17.6t/hm2. Among the components, the total grain number per unit area was the most important to the yield of high yielding field,and the panicle number was the most im-portant to total grain number per unit area. In high yielding condition, the modle of heading num-ber appeared “1+3+7”,i.e. under the condition of planting 25 hills in 1 m2 and one hill with one seedling, each hill will produce one main stem head, 3 tillering heads emerged during seedling peri-od and 7 tillering heads during early tillering period. More than 95% tillers emerged during seedling period was able to grow to heading. The effective tillers emerged in field-growing period were the ones emerged with the growth of first 4 leaves after transplanting, The end of effective tillering in field was found at the period when 2.0～3.5 leaves emerged before maximum tiller-ing. The remainder of leaf age after maximum tillering was 2.0～2.5 leaves, which was equal to the duration from secondary branch differentiation to spikelet differentiation.
The results indicated that, the annual averaged yield of hybrid rice with double cropping in Longhai was 15.6～17.6t/hm2. Among the components, the total grain number per unit area was the most important to the yield of high yielding field,and the panicle number was the most im-portant to total grain number per unit area. In high yielding condition, the modle of heading num-ber appeared “1+3+7”,i.e. under the condition of planting 25 hills in 1 m2 and one hill with one seedling, each hill will produce one main stem head, 3 tillering heads emerged during seedling peri-od and 7 tillering heads during early tillering period. More than 95% tillers emerged during seedling period was able to grow to heading. The effective tillers emerged in field-growing period were the ones emerged with the growth of first 4 leaves after transplanting, The end of effective tillering in field was found at the period when 2.0～3.5 leaves emerged before maximum tiller-ing. The remainder of leaf age after maximum tillering was 2.0～2.5 leaves, which was equal to the duration from secondary branch differentiation to spikelet differentiation.
1995, 10(1): 7-12.
Abstract:
The colony growth rate(CGR)of hybrid rice at the yield level of 8～10 t/hm2 was 15.4～18.2 g/(m2·d), while from primary panicle emerging stage to heading stage was 19～28 g/(m2 d). The leaf area index(LAT)of the colony between booting to heading stage was 6.5～7.5,and the leaves in top layer were erect. Thus the sunlight was able to cast onto the deep part of the colony, the light intensity on leaves in the botom of colony was 2～3 times of the light compensa-tion point The averge net assimilation rate(NAR)during field growing period was 3.4～4.4 g/(m2· d); the total energy of solar radiation was 137～150 kJ/cm2 with the daily solar radiation(S)of 1445～1456 J/(cm2·d). The light-energy utilizing rate(EU)of the colony during field growing period was 1.67%～1.96%, While from primary panicle emerging stage to heading stage was 2.15%～2.70% with the highest of 3.75% in a short time. Path analysis showed that, before panicle initiation, LAI and S contributed more to CGR, and NAR and EU contributed rnore to CGK after the panicle initiation, However, S appeared a very significant position correlated to CGR and NAR after heading stage.
The colony growth rate(CGR)of hybrid rice at the yield level of 8～10 t/hm2 was 15.4～18.2 g/(m2·d), while from primary panicle emerging stage to heading stage was 19～28 g/(m2 d). The leaf area index(LAT)of the colony between booting to heading stage was 6.5～7.5,and the leaves in top layer were erect. Thus the sunlight was able to cast onto the deep part of the colony, the light intensity on leaves in the botom of colony was 2～3 times of the light compensa-tion point The averge net assimilation rate(NAR)during field growing period was 3.4～4.4 g/(m2· d); the total energy of solar radiation was 137～150 kJ/cm2 with the daily solar radiation(S)of 1445～1456 J/(cm2·d). The light-energy utilizing rate(EU)of the colony during field growing period was 1.67%～1.96%, While from primary panicle emerging stage to heading stage was 2.15%～2.70% with the highest of 3.75% in a short time. Path analysis showed that, before panicle initiation, LAI and S contributed more to CGR, and NAR and EU contributed rnore to CGK after the panicle initiation, However, S appeared a very significant position correlated to CGR and NAR after heading stage.
1995, 10(1): 13-16.
Abstract:
In this research,the inbred lines of different inbreeding levels were established by usingthe source of Putian Black Duck. The egg-laying performance by duck at the age of 300 days wasdetermined and the result showed that 12.5% inbreeding levels had less influence on economiccharacters.When the inbreeding levels increased by 10% each time,the average depression rates ofthe three kinds of characters,i.e. the initial laying age,egg number and egg weight at 300 day agewere 18.3%, 14.2% and 2.0% respectively. In this experiment,when the inbreeding level was21.9%, the characters showed serious inbreeding depression. The selected inbred line with excel-lent performance was crossed with generation-selecting line W and M and the progeny F1 showedgood hybrid superiority. The rates of above-mentioned superiority of the three kinds of characterswere-6.83%,15.26% and 4.75% respectively and the crossing effects of W line was better thanthat of M line. The crossing effects produced by top cross and bottom cross were different. Thesuperiority rates of the egg number at 300 day age were 3.84% and 17.49% respectively. The ef-fect of bottom cross was better than that of top cross. The feasibility of applying the inbred line tobreeding combination was approached in this paper.
In this research,the inbred lines of different inbreeding levels were established by usingthe source of Putian Black Duck. The egg-laying performance by duck at the age of 300 days wasdetermined and the result showed that 12.5% inbreeding levels had less influence on economiccharacters.When the inbreeding levels increased by 10% each time,the average depression rates ofthe three kinds of characters,i.e. the initial laying age,egg number and egg weight at 300 day agewere 18.3%, 14.2% and 2.0% respectively. In this experiment,when the inbreeding level was21.9%, the characters showed serious inbreeding depression. The selected inbred line with excel-lent performance was crossed with generation-selecting line W and M and the progeny F1 showedgood hybrid superiority. The rates of above-mentioned superiority of the three kinds of characterswere-6.83%,15.26% and 4.75% respectively and the crossing effects of W line was better thanthat of M line. The crossing effects produced by top cross and bottom cross were different. Thesuperiority rates of the egg number at 300 day age were 3.84% and 17.49% respectively. The ef-fect of bottom cross was better than that of top cross. The feasibility of applying the inbred line tobreeding combination was approached in this paper.
1995, 10(1): 17-19.
Abstract:
It was reported that the application of N6(or MS)+2,4-D(2.2 mg/L)may directly induce somatic embryoid from explant callus.Based on this,we added hydrolytic casamino acid(1.5g/L)and signi-ficantly increased the embryoid-inducing rate. The average height of regenerated plants at technicalmaturing period was 12.49 cm higher than that of stem-buding plants,its stem diameter was 0.3 cm thiner,the number of millable stalk was 8475/ hm2 more,the yield was 11.58% lower and the stem brix was 5.35% lower than that of stem-buding plants. The methodology to improve the sugar-content of embryoid-regenerated plants was also discussed in this paper.
It was reported that the application of N6(or MS)+2,4-D(2.2 mg/L)may directly induce somatic embryoid from explant callus.Based on this,we added hydrolytic casamino acid(1.5g/L)and signi-ficantly increased the embryoid-inducing rate. The average height of regenerated plants at technicalmaturing period was 12.49 cm higher than that of stem-buding plants,its stem diameter was 0.3 cm thiner,the number of millable stalk was 8475/ hm2 more,the yield was 11.58% lower and the stem brix was 5.35% lower than that of stem-buding plants. The methodology to improve the sugar-content of embryoid-regenerated plants was also discussed in this paper.
1995, 10(1): 20-22.
Abstract:
Minglu No. 1 is the F1 hybrid from a self-imcompatibility line. Its main characteristics were that, strong resistance, 42 cm in plant height,green leaf color and smooth leaf surface. The shape of curd was half-circle, the cross diameter was 17 cm,vertical diameter was 14 cm. Its curd was compact, small buds with dark-green color, style was thin and each curd was 0.5 kg in weight.The growing period was about 70 days. Its axillary bud could never germinate before the main curd was harvested,so the whole plant could be harvisted continuously for 2～3 times.
Minglu No. 1 is the F1 hybrid from a self-imcompatibility line. Its main characteristics were that, strong resistance, 42 cm in plant height,green leaf color and smooth leaf surface. The shape of curd was half-circle, the cross diameter was 17 cm,vertical diameter was 14 cm. Its curd was compact, small buds with dark-green color, style was thin and each curd was 0.5 kg in weight.The growing period was about 70 days. Its axillary bud could never germinate before the main curd was harvested,so the whole plant could be harvisted continuously for 2～3 times.
1995, 10(1): 23-27.
Abstract:
When etiolated seedlings of wheat were exposed to light, their leaves would be greening and aparent photosynthesis increased; the activity of Rubis CO(Ribulose-1,5-Bisphopate Carboxy-lase-Oxygenase)decreased at first and increased after continuous illumination for 12 h. We had also studied the structure changes of lamella in the top and base leaves which received a continuous illu-mination for 24 h and 48 h and measured their photochemical activities at the same time. The results showed: at the begining, PSⅠ activity was very high, as the lamella got a raise in number, PSⅠactivity decreased while PSⅡ increased. It suggested that the chlorplasts were developed and im-proved in their structure and function during the process of greening of etiolated wheat seedlings,thus the two photosynthetic systems were equvialently distributed, the utilizing efficiency of light energy by chloroplasts was increased.
When etiolated seedlings of wheat were exposed to light, their leaves would be greening and aparent photosynthesis increased; the activity of Rubis CO(Ribulose-1,5-Bisphopate Carboxy-lase-Oxygenase)decreased at first and increased after continuous illumination for 12 h. We had also studied the structure changes of lamella in the top and base leaves which received a continuous illu-mination for 24 h and 48 h and measured their photochemical activities at the same time. The results showed: at the begining, PSⅠ activity was very high, as the lamella got a raise in number, PSⅠactivity decreased while PSⅡ increased. It suggested that the chlorplasts were developed and im-proved in their structure and function during the process of greening of etiolated wheat seedlings,thus the two photosynthetic systems were equvialently distributed, the utilizing efficiency of light energy by chloroplasts was increased.
1995, 10(1): 28-32.
Abstract:
The results of propagation coefficient test showed that salt-tolerant threshold of back-crossed azolla was 0.8% NaCl concentration. The physiological and biochemical indexes were mea-sured under salt stress condition. The content of proline was accumulated, and the plasmalemma permeability(PP)and malonidialdehyde(MDA)content increased. The measurement on cell pro-tective enzymes showed that SOD and POD activities increased with the increase of salt concentra-tions; CAT reacted sensitively to salt, its activity increased rapidly under the low salt stress. The analysis on esterase isoenzyme spectra in different salt concentrations showed that the salt stress induced the relevant genes to express new bands and inhibited some original bands. It was suggest-ed that the saline harmness in azolla might be as a result of lipid reoxidation and osmotic stress.
The results of propagation coefficient test showed that salt-tolerant threshold of back-crossed azolla was 0.8% NaCl concentration. The physiological and biochemical indexes were mea-sured under salt stress condition. The content of proline was accumulated, and the plasmalemma permeability(PP)and malonidialdehyde(MDA)content increased. The measurement on cell pro-tective enzymes showed that SOD and POD activities increased with the increase of salt concentra-tions; CAT reacted sensitively to salt, its activity increased rapidly under the low salt stress. The analysis on esterase isoenzyme spectra in different salt concentrations showed that the salt stress induced the relevant genes to express new bands and inhibited some original bands. It was suggest-ed that the saline harmness in azolla might be as a result of lipid reoxidation and osmotic stress.
1995, 10(1): 33-36.
Abstract:
This paper reviewed the research advances in the morphological and biochemical mech-anism and heritance to sugarcane smut. The outlooks in some areas were also discussed.
This paper reviewed the research advances in the morphological and biochemical mech-anism and heritance to sugarcane smut. The outlooks in some areas were also discussed.
1995, 10(1): 37-40.
Abstract:
It was reported that the controlling effects on panicle blast by hybrid rice in different match were more than 22.55% and increased yield by 14.3 kg/mu. Our demonstrative result using mix-culture of Diyou 64 with Weiyou 64 in different match showed that the optimum match was 1:1 mix-culture of these two cultivars, which the controlling effect reached 55.81%～66.01%, and the yield increased more than 14.6%. The mechanism of mix-culture to control the rice blast was primarily explored. It was found that the chief physiological races in mix-culturing plots were mainly ZC group which occupied 69.76%, In contrast, the single-culturing plots were mainly ZB group and occupied 64.70%, The tentative conclusion of this experiment was that,the mix-culture has a certain interference to the pathogenicity of Pyricularia oryzae and decreases their function,thus lightened the harmness from the pathogen.
It was reported that the controlling effects on panicle blast by hybrid rice in different match were more than 22.55% and increased yield by 14.3 kg/mu. Our demonstrative result using mix-culture of Diyou 64 with Weiyou 64 in different match showed that the optimum match was 1:1 mix-culture of these two cultivars, which the controlling effect reached 55.81%～66.01%, and the yield increased more than 14.6%. The mechanism of mix-culture to control the rice blast was primarily explored. It was found that the chief physiological races in mix-culturing plots were mainly ZC group which occupied 69.76%, In contrast, the single-culturing plots were mainly ZB group and occupied 64.70%, The tentative conclusion of this experiment was that,the mix-culture has a certain interference to the pathogenicity of Pyricularia oryzae and decreases their function,thus lightened the harmness from the pathogen.
1995, 10(1): 41-43.
Abstract:
The labyrinth device which was created by lst Group of the Ecological Lab.,Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica is based on the smelling frequency of tested mouse to screen the mouse lure agent. We made an improvement and added the function of smelling duration to above device. A determination to compare the mouse-luring capacity among 30 lure agents was undertak-en, It was considered that the comprehensive analysis combining smelling duration with smelling frequeney to evaluate the capacity of mouse-luring agent is more close to the real situation.
The labyrinth device which was created by lst Group of the Ecological Lab.,Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica is based on the smelling frequency of tested mouse to screen the mouse lure agent. We made an improvement and added the function of smelling duration to above device. A determination to compare the mouse-luring capacity among 30 lure agents was undertak-en, It was considered that the comprehensive analysis combining smelling duration with smelling frequeney to evaluate the capacity of mouse-luring agent is more close to the real situation.
1995, 10(1): 44-47.
Abstract:
This paper listed the scientific names of 30 species of tarsonemid mites belonging to 9 genera in Fujian province.Among them. 7 species were the newly-found ones in China.
This paper listed the scientific names of 30 species of tarsonemid mites belonging to 9 genera in Fujian province.Among them. 7 species were the newly-found ones in China.
1995, 10(1): 48-53.
Abstract:
This paper reviewed the nutrition condition and its dynamic transportation of Litchi chi-nensis Sonn., the controlling effect of chemicals on the mineral nutrition of litchi tree, The results showed that, the flutuation range of mineral nutrition content in Litchi chinensis Sonn. was rather wide, and appeared a seasonal variation, which showed to be related to the flowering, fruit-growing and branch building periods in all the year. The nutrient level of tree body directly affected the fruit yield.N, K contents in leaves before the flowering, P content during and after flowering peri-ods were signi ficantly related to the yield structure. The highest N,P, K contents were found in flowering organ, the flowering consumed large amount of nutrition, which served the main reason of the rapid decrease of N,P, K contents during and after the flowering period. The nutrient con-tents containing in flowering organ and leaves were significantly related to the flower constructure, and directly affected the flower quantity and quality, espetially the proportion of male and female flowers. Chemical agents directly affected the mineral nutrition level in tree body, espetially the N,P contents in flowering organ.
This paper reviewed the nutrition condition and its dynamic transportation of Litchi chi-nensis Sonn., the controlling effect of chemicals on the mineral nutrition of litchi tree, The results showed that, the flutuation range of mineral nutrition content in Litchi chinensis Sonn. was rather wide, and appeared a seasonal variation, which showed to be related to the flowering, fruit-growing and branch building periods in all the year. The nutrient level of tree body directly affected the fruit yield.N, K contents in leaves before the flowering, P content during and after flowering peri-ods were signi ficantly related to the yield structure. The highest N,P, K contents were found in flowering organ, the flowering consumed large amount of nutrition, which served the main reason of the rapid decrease of N,P, K contents during and after the flowering period. The nutrient con-tents containing in flowering organ and leaves were significantly related to the flower constructure, and directly affected the flower quantity and quality, espetially the proportion of male and female flowers. Chemical agents directly affected the mineral nutrition level in tree body, espetially the N,P contents in flowering organ.
1995, 10(1): 54-57.
Abstract:
Two ripening-level kiwifrutts(firmness-1.5 kg/cm2 and firmness=0.6 kg/cm2 respectively)were kept at different temperature:0℃,1℃,1.5℃,3.5℃,5℃,10℃,15℃,and 20℃, the respiration of kiwifruit was increased by 8-10.5 time, following the increase of temperalure. The respiration of softer kiwifruit(0.6 kg /cm2)was twice as firmer one(1.5 kg/cm2)even kept at 0℃.The rate of ethylene production was 0.058 μl/(kg·h)at 0℃ for 1.5 kg/cm2 firmness kiwifruit and 0.8μl/(kg·h)at 20℃.The respiration of the kiwifruit treated with 4 mg/kg ethylene for f0 h,increased from 23.1 mg/(kg. h)to 39.0mg/kg·h. Kiwifruit was very sensitive to ethylene and was a climacteric fruit,Temperature was newt important factor that influence storage life of the kiwifruit.
Two ripening-level kiwifrutts(firmness-1.5 kg/cm2 and firmness=0.6 kg/cm2 respectively)were kept at different temperature:0℃,1℃,1.5℃,3.5℃,5℃,10℃,15℃,and 20℃, the respiration of kiwifruit was increased by 8-10.5 time, following the increase of temperalure. The respiration of softer kiwifruit(0.6 kg /cm2)was twice as firmer one(1.5 kg/cm2)even kept at 0℃.The rate of ethylene production was 0.058 μl/(kg·h)at 0℃ for 1.5 kg/cm2 firmness kiwifruit and 0.8μl/(kg·h)at 20℃.The respiration of the kiwifruit treated with 4 mg/kg ethylene for f0 h,increased from 23.1 mg/(kg. h)to 39.0mg/kg·h. Kiwifruit was very sensitive to ethylene and was a climacteric fruit,Temperature was newt important factor that influence storage life of the kiwifruit.
1995, 10(1): 58-61.
Abstract:
In 1985-1990, we conducted a study on comprehensive utilization of geothermal energy to agricultural production at the experimental site in Fujian Geothermal Agro-utilization Insti-tute. Within a certain range,a comprehensive utilizing project of which the heat-providing layout was designed according to the principle of systematic engineering, so as to achieve the goal of sci-entific heat supply, multiple grade utilization of geothermal water, the heat-providing area in-creased frorm 1896 m2 to 4038 m2, the net increase was 113%, In the light of macroscopic agricul-ture, the experirmental site has become a demonstrative base for the comprehensive utilization of cultivation and pisciculture. It gives a full play to the superiority of agricultural engineering tech-nique and geothermal resources and bring a significantly economical benefit,the averaged net in-come reached 230000 Yuan/hm2, and high social benefit.
In 1985-1990, we conducted a study on comprehensive utilization of geothermal energy to agricultural production at the experimental site in Fujian Geothermal Agro-utilization Insti-tute. Within a certain range,a comprehensive utilizing project of which the heat-providing layout was designed according to the principle of systematic engineering, so as to achieve the goal of sci-entific heat supply, multiple grade utilization of geothermal water, the heat-providing area in-creased frorm 1896 m2 to 4038 m2, the net increase was 113%, In the light of macroscopic agricul-ture, the experirmental site has become a demonstrative base for the comprehensive utilization of cultivation and pisciculture. It gives a full play to the superiority of agricultural engineering tech-nique and geothermal resources and bring a significantly economical benefit,the averaged net in-come reached 230000 Yuan/hm2, and high social benefit.
1995, 10(1): 62-64.
Abstract:
o channel cyclical digit thereto detector has been designed and installed in large and medium phytotrone system,the detector facilitated the temperature observation and record. The temperature of 8-point may be automatically circulatedor be displayed by manual measurement with an average error:?0.3C.
o channel cyclical digit thereto detector has been designed and installed in large and medium phytotrone system,the detector facilitated the temperature observation and record. The temperature of 8-point may be automatically circulatedor be displayed by manual measurement with an average error:?0.3C.
