1991 Vol. 6, No. 1
Display Method:
1991, 6(1): 1-12.
Abstract:
The growth progress, the ;path analysis of yield component, the growth regularity of regenerating buds and high-yield ing technology of ratoon rice were investigated. T.he results showed as follow:1.The duration from sowing to heading of the first crop rice showed differently due to planting area, varieties and sowing time. It is stable at about 60 days from the heading time of first crop rice to that of ratoon rice. So, it is necessity for growing ratoon rice that the everage temperature of ten-day periods 24C should be more than 60 days stably. According to quantity of heat resources distribution in Fujian, the ratoon rice with heading safly can be arranged to: 25N 800m,26N 600m,27N 500m,28N 400m. But, Shang You 63 should be 200m lower relevantly 2. Among the yield compenents, the number of panicles showed highest C.V and path coefficient to yield. The ratooning panicles distributed on stems from to 6th, node position. The growth date of regenerating leves and stems showed at the same time of panicle developing. So, the number of panicles was closely related with panicle quality. Therefore, promoting resting buds differentiation to increase thenumber of ratoon panicles showed very important to increase ratoon rice yield. 3. The h igh-yielding technical system of ratoon rice, a) Shang You 63 can be used in warm climate for ratoon rice plant. At the top of warm climate area, it should be sowed in middle of March, and at the low of warm climate area it can be sowed in late of March. 40-1. Shang You 64. V-You 64 are suitable in cool climate area for ratoon rice plant, and suitable sowing time is from late of March to April, b) At the 20 days after first crop rice heading the major fertilizer of N K should applied for regenerating shoots differentiation and at 1-2 days after first crop rice harvested supplement N K should be applied for regenerating buds growth, c) In the preceding stages of first crop rice, the field water level should be keeped low. after effective tillering it shoould be drianed. The middle and the late stages of first crop rice and ratoon rice growth duration the field should be irrigated intermittently, d) Harvesting height should be 10 cm over the 2 cond node from top.e) Ridge and bad culture methods should be applied in gleyed paddy soil far ratoon rice.
The growth progress, the ;path analysis of yield component, the growth regularity of regenerating buds and high-yield ing technology of ratoon rice were investigated. T.he results showed as follow:1.The duration from sowing to heading of the first crop rice showed differently due to planting area, varieties and sowing time. It is stable at about 60 days from the heading time of first crop rice to that of ratoon rice. So, it is necessity for growing ratoon rice that the everage temperature of ten-day periods 24C should be more than 60 days stably. According to quantity of heat resources distribution in Fujian, the ratoon rice with heading safly can be arranged to: 25N 800m,26N 600m,27N 500m,28N 400m. But, Shang You 63 should be 200m lower relevantly 2. Among the yield compenents, the number of panicles showed highest C.V and path coefficient to yield. The ratooning panicles distributed on stems from to 6th, node position. The growth date of regenerating leves and stems showed at the same time of panicle developing. So, the number of panicles was closely related with panicle quality. Therefore, promoting resting buds differentiation to increase thenumber of ratoon panicles showed very important to increase ratoon rice yield. 3. The h igh-yielding technical system of ratoon rice, a) Shang You 63 can be used in warm climate for ratoon rice plant. At the top of warm climate area, it should be sowed in middle of March, and at the low of warm climate area it can be sowed in late of March. 40-1. Shang You 64. V-You 64 are suitable in cool climate area for ratoon rice plant, and suitable sowing time is from late of March to April, b) At the 20 days after first crop rice heading the major fertilizer of N K should applied for regenerating shoots differentiation and at 1-2 days after first crop rice harvested supplement N K should be applied for regenerating buds growth, c) In the preceding stages of first crop rice, the field water level should be keeped low. after effective tillering it shoould be drianed. The middle and the late stages of first crop rice and ratoon rice growth duration the field should be irrigated intermittently, d) Harvesting height should be 10 cm over the 2 cond node from top.e) Ridge and bad culture methods should be applied in gleyed paddy soil far ratoon rice.
1991, 6(1): 13-20.
Abstract:
Morphology of tea flower organ is the main evidence of origin, evolution, heredity and classification of plant. This paper recorded the system studies on morphology of tea flower organ from 500 varieties since 1954. Three main forms of the structure of both sexual differences were classified as low style, plain style and high style by the height differences of pistil and stamen in various varieties. The tendency of evolution and heredity of the structure of both sexes of tea flower were analysed by the constitution ratio of three types of structure in various varieties. As a result, it seems that the structure of both sexes of tea flower evolve from a low style to a high style by the evolution of varieties. The structure of low style type or plain style type belongs to the type of stock, and it has the stable heredity.
Morphology of tea flower organ is the main evidence of origin, evolution, heredity and classification of plant. This paper recorded the system studies on morphology of tea flower organ from 500 varieties since 1954. Three main forms of the structure of both sexual differences were classified as low style, plain style and high style by the height differences of pistil and stamen in various varieties. The tendency of evolution and heredity of the structure of both sexes of tea flower were analysed by the constitution ratio of three types of structure in various varieties. As a result, it seems that the structure of both sexes of tea flower evolve from a low style to a high style by the evolution of varieties. The structure of low style type or plain style type belongs to the type of stock, and it has the stable heredity.
1991, 6(1): 21-26.
Abstract:
The relationship of leaf characters (Sach as leaf length, leaf wideth, leaf size, length of leaf handle and leaf angle) and main agronomic characters (sach as 100 seeds weight, number of seeds per pod and yield) were examined for 4 soybean cultivars (lines). The results are summarized as follows: 1. The correlation of leaf length, index of leaf form, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf width of middle leafit with that of leafit of side were significantly crrelation coefficient was respectively 0.911*, 0.996**, 0.994*, 0.995**, respectively. 2. Only the length of leaf handle on the leaf characters was modertely significantly and positively correlated with a piece of leaf area (r=0.957*). It was no significant relationship between the characters of the others. 3. The correlation of the index of leaf form with the number of pod per two seeds was significantly positive conversely, the leaf characters of the other was no significantly correlated with the number of seeds per pod. 4. The leaf characters of middle-leafit and leafit of side were no significantly correlated with 100-seeds weight. 5. The leaf length was significantly correlated with effective branches (r=0.999**). The index of leaf form was positively correlated with the number of branches per pod and the abrount of seeds, the leaf characters of the other was yet no significantly correlated with yield. Thus, we can not ignore the selection of leaf characters in the breeding of high yield.
The relationship of leaf characters (Sach as leaf length, leaf wideth, leaf size, length of leaf handle and leaf angle) and main agronomic characters (sach as 100 seeds weight, number of seeds per pod and yield) were examined for 4 soybean cultivars (lines). The results are summarized as follows: 1. The correlation of leaf length, index of leaf form, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf width of middle leafit with that of leafit of side were significantly crrelation coefficient was respectively 0.911*, 0.996**, 0.994*, 0.995**, respectively. 2. Only the length of leaf handle on the leaf characters was modertely significantly and positively correlated with a piece of leaf area (r=0.957*). It was no significant relationship between the characters of the others. 3. The correlation of the index of leaf form with the number of pod per two seeds was significantly positive conversely, the leaf characters of the other was no significantly correlated with the number of seeds per pod. 4. The leaf characters of middle-leafit and leafit of side were no significantly correlated with 100-seeds weight. 5. The leaf length was significantly correlated with effective branches (r=0.999**). The index of leaf form was positively correlated with the number of branches per pod and the abrount of seeds, the leaf characters of the other was yet no significantly correlated with yield. Thus, we can not ignore the selection of leaf characters in the breeding of high yield.
1991, 6(1): 27-34.
Abstract:
A mieroball double antibody sandwich ELISA (MDS-ELISA) was developed to detect Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antigen in the tissues of chickens infected with NDV. In the assay, a monoclonal antibody (specific for NDV.IgM isotype), and its conjugate of horse radish peroxidase (FN-HRP) were served as the capture antibody and the indicator antibody, respectively. When FN was at 400g/ml, the detectable antigen amount was as low as 3g NDV protein per millilitre.The results of detection of NDV antigen from NDV-infected chickens by the MDS-ELISA and the direct immunof luorescent-antibody test (DFA) showed that the sensitivity of the MDS-ELISA was higher than of the DFA. All samples that were positive inthe DFA were also positive in the MDS-ELlSA. However, the MDS-ELISA indicated that a small number of samples were NDV antigen positive which were negative by the DFA. The concordance rate between tese two methods was 92%.The MDS-ELISA was evaluated on detection of the samples from chickens inoculated with various NDV strains. The experiment demonstrated that: 1) the positive rates in the various organs from the chickens infected with F48 strain of NDV were 100% in a mixture of lung, kidney and ileocecal tonsil, and in kidney. 90% in lung, 80% in ileo-cecal tonsil, liver and spleen, respectively; 2) only some positive samples were found in Mukteswar-inoculated chickens in 6 days post-injection; 3) no positive samples had been found in Bl strain infected chickens.The MDS-ELISA was proved to be a most sensitive, specific, rapid and convenient method. It would be most useful for diagnosis of ND in poultry farms.
A mieroball double antibody sandwich ELISA (MDS-ELISA) was developed to detect Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antigen in the tissues of chickens infected with NDV. In the assay, a monoclonal antibody (specific for NDV.IgM isotype), and its conjugate of horse radish peroxidase (FN-HRP) were served as the capture antibody and the indicator antibody, respectively. When FN was at 400g/ml, the detectable antigen amount was as low as 3g NDV protein per millilitre.The results of detection of NDV antigen from NDV-infected chickens by the MDS-ELISA and the direct immunof luorescent-antibody test (DFA) showed that the sensitivity of the MDS-ELISA was higher than of the DFA. All samples that were positive inthe DFA were also positive in the MDS-ELlSA. However, the MDS-ELISA indicated that a small number of samples were NDV antigen positive which were negative by the DFA. The concordance rate between tese two methods was 92%.The MDS-ELISA was evaluated on detection of the samples from chickens inoculated with various NDV strains. The experiment demonstrated that: 1) the positive rates in the various organs from the chickens infected with F48 strain of NDV were 100% in a mixture of lung, kidney and ileocecal tonsil, and in kidney. 90% in lung, 80% in ileo-cecal tonsil, liver and spleen, respectively; 2) only some positive samples were found in Mukteswar-inoculated chickens in 6 days post-injection; 3) no positive samples had been found in Bl strain infected chickens.The MDS-ELISA was proved to be a most sensitive, specific, rapid and convenient method. It would be most useful for diagnosis of ND in poultry farms.
1991, 6(1): 35-44.
Abstract:
Under the environmental conditions formed by artificial flooding, the roots and stuble, which were about 15% rice biomas, as well as plenty of apuatic living things were returned into paddy soil every year, not only enriching the carbon sources but also replenishing nutrient composition in the soil. It mabe paddy soil maintain its fertility to some extent. Applying mineral fertilizer could mitigate the N. P. K. deficience caused by absorption of rice plant, and improve the nutrient level of the soil, facilitate the metabolism of rice roots and increase in amount of the root-stuble returning into soil. Applying inorganic fertilizer with the organic manure could significantly improve the physical, chemical and biological prporties of the soil. Because the paddy soils were poor in China, infarming practice, the "organo combining inorgano" application model should still be popularized, especially in returning rice straw into paddy field.
Under the environmental conditions formed by artificial flooding, the roots and stuble, which were about 15% rice biomas, as well as plenty of apuatic living things were returned into paddy soil every year, not only enriching the carbon sources but also replenishing nutrient composition in the soil. It mabe paddy soil maintain its fertility to some extent. Applying mineral fertilizer could mitigate the N. P. K. deficience caused by absorption of rice plant, and improve the nutrient level of the soil, facilitate the metabolism of rice roots and increase in amount of the root-stuble returning into soil. Applying inorganic fertilizer with the organic manure could significantly improve the physical, chemical and biological prporties of the soil. Because the paddy soils were poor in China, infarming practice, the "organo combining inorgano" application model should still be popularized, especially in returning rice straw into paddy field.
1991, 6(1): 45-52.
Abstract:
Rhizobium was used in the study with the term of "bacterium capacity" of soil to describe the quantitative changes of viable rhizobia in soil and to discuss its ecological and agtronomic significances. The term meant the highest population per unit soil and was. expressed in cell numbers/g dry soil generally. The rule of quantitative changes of viable Rhizobium in sandy soil and heavy loam. Inoculum density of Rhizobium influence the effect an application were also discussed.The results showed that there was a definite rhzobium capacity in both surveyed heavy loam and sandy soil under certain conditions. The effect of rhizobial cell number at the beginning of experiment on the rhizobium capacity was signigicant in natural soil. It was found that the higher the starting cell number, the higher the rhizobium capacity, whetherthere was legume growth or not. In treatments with different initial number of 104 or 2 x106, the number of rhizobia differed only times of tens each.When soil sample was first sterilized then rhizobia was added in, initial cell number had little effect on rhizobium capacity. In the four treatments in which the starting cell number differing in 105 or 106 times, the rhizobium capacities were similar. That meant that in the soil with low starting cell number rhizobia grew abundantly. The rhizobium capacities of heavy loam and sandy sosul were close.
Rhizobium was used in the study with the term of "bacterium capacity" of soil to describe the quantitative changes of viable rhizobia in soil and to discuss its ecological and agtronomic significances. The term meant the highest population per unit soil and was. expressed in cell numbers/g dry soil generally. The rule of quantitative changes of viable Rhizobium in sandy soil and heavy loam. Inoculum density of Rhizobium influence the effect an application were also discussed.The results showed that there was a definite rhzobium capacity in both surveyed heavy loam and sandy soil under certain conditions. The effect of rhizobial cell number at the beginning of experiment on the rhizobium capacity was signigicant in natural soil. It was found that the higher the starting cell number, the higher the rhizobium capacity, whetherthere was legume growth or not. In treatments with different initial number of 104 or 2 x106, the number of rhizobia differed only times of tens each.When soil sample was first sterilized then rhizobia was added in, initial cell number had little effect on rhizobium capacity. In the four treatments in which the starting cell number differing in 105 or 106 times, the rhizobium capacities were similar. That meant that in the soil with low starting cell number rhizobia grew abundantly. The rhizobium capacities of heavy loam and sandy sosul were close.
1991, 6(1): 53-59.
Abstract:
This article deals with a promising effect on differentiation of the shoot apex of Trifoliate orange seedling and grafted citrange where it could indnce numerous clumped buds and develop into an plant with root, stem and leaf when it was cultivated in a MS in addition to Kt 2.0 mg/1, NAA0.1mg/l, Peptone 300mg/l and GA30.2mg/l, A test of Kt concentrations shows that Kt could inhibit the apical dominance and promote the germination of the axillary bud. The optimum concentration of Kt for the apex proliferation is 2.0 mg/l. An appropriate amount of peptone could help an apex inducing shoot and eventually form seedlings. A treatment of the base of a young shoot by soaking in 100 ppm 1 BA solution for se veral hours is helpful to root formation in vitro. Treated with 200 ppm ABT or 100 ppm IBA, a rootless shoot in vitro could successfully induce roots outside the tube, thus the propagation in vitro could be simplified considerably.
This article deals with a promising effect on differentiation of the shoot apex of Trifoliate orange seedling and grafted citrange where it could indnce numerous clumped buds and develop into an plant with root, stem and leaf when it was cultivated in a MS in addition to Kt 2.0 mg/1, NAA0.1mg/l, Peptone 300mg/l and GA30.2mg/l, A test of Kt concentrations shows that Kt could inhibit the apical dominance and promote the germination of the axillary bud. The optimum concentration of Kt for the apex proliferation is 2.0 mg/l. An appropriate amount of peptone could help an apex inducing shoot and eventually form seedlings. A treatment of the base of a young shoot by soaking in 100 ppm 1 BA solution for se veral hours is helpful to root formation in vitro. Treated with 200 ppm ABT or 100 ppm IBA, a rootless shoot in vitro could successfully induce roots outside the tube, thus the propagation in vitro could be simplified considerably.
1991, 6(1): 60-65.
Abstract:
From 1982 to 1987 we investigated the mineral nutrient and the rule of requirement for lonyan tree. The mineral nutrientlevel of longan trees is relative with "on" or "off" year of longan tree. The annual variation of mineral nutrients shows a pattern of "v". Longan tree is more sensitive to potassium content tnan nitrogen and phosphorous content. We consider that potassium fertilizer application is the most important for longan tree.
From 1982 to 1987 we investigated the mineral nutrient and the rule of requirement for lonyan tree. The mineral nutrientlevel of longan trees is relative with "on" or "off" year of longan tree. The annual variation of mineral nutrients shows a pattern of "v". Longan tree is more sensitive to potassium content tnan nitrogen and phosphorous content. We consider that potassium fertilizer application is the most important for longan tree.
1991, 6(1): 66-73.
Abstract:
The paper set forth the study on the applied techniques of the herbicide, Buta-chlor, that was particularly used in rice fields originally, control efficiency in vegetable fields. The results showed that the effective dosage of the herbicide used in water spinach (Ipomoea repians), interplanting dishcloth gourd (Luffa cylindrica), pak choi (Brassica chmensis), spinach (Spinacia oleracea), chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis), cabbage mustard (Brassica alhoglabra). cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata), leaf mustard (Brassica juncea) and rape (Brassica napus) vegetable fields is 60-90 g/M u. The total control rates are 80.7-93.5% among which, the average rates of 8 species of annual weeds in Gramineae, 3 species of annual weeds in Cyperaceae and 4 species of weeds in Compositae and Scrophu 1 ariaceae are 91.5%, 98.6%, 93.4% and 95.8% respectively. At the same time, it was proved that Butachlor was safe and economic for using in vegetable fields. The herbicids. Butachlor, has been used more than 100000 Mu of vegetable fields in past seven years.
The paper set forth the study on the applied techniques of the herbicide, Buta-chlor, that was particularly used in rice fields originally, control efficiency in vegetable fields. The results showed that the effective dosage of the herbicide used in water spinach (Ipomoea repians), interplanting dishcloth gourd (Luffa cylindrica), pak choi (Brassica chmensis), spinach (Spinacia oleracea), chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis), cabbage mustard (Brassica alhoglabra). cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata), leaf mustard (Brassica juncea) and rape (Brassica napus) vegetable fields is 60-90 g/M u. The total control rates are 80.7-93.5% among which, the average rates of 8 species of annual weeds in Gramineae, 3 species of annual weeds in Cyperaceae and 4 species of weeds in Compositae and Scrophu 1 ariaceae are 91.5%, 98.6%, 93.4% and 95.8% respectively. At the same time, it was proved that Butachlor was safe and economic for using in vegetable fields. The herbicids. Butachlor, has been used more than 100000 Mu of vegetable fields in past seven years.
1991, 6(1): 74-78.
Abstract:
To counter this tendency with low yield and high polluted rate of Jew’s-ear by sugarcane bagasse, we carried out appraisal test of 7 Jew’s-ear strains. It is determinated that the strain D-5 passesses high yielding and fine quality. The vigour of its hypha is strong. The hypha grows in 4mm. on an average in day and 0.7-1.2mm. longer than other 6 strains. The fruit-body of the Jew’s-ear leaf of D-5 is large. Its flesh is thick and tincture is black. On an everage the substance of 100kg. produces dry Jew’s-ear over 6 kg. Its yield increased in 50% than entered test strain D-8.which is popularized by culture of substitute materials in our country.And its yield increased in 88.9% than entered test strain D-7, which is popularized by culture of log in our country.The fillprescription of 0.5% urea instead of 50% wheat bran has obvious effecient for increasing yield. The bio-efficiency reached by 74%. It increased 21.1% yield than control-prescription with adding 20% of wheat bran. And pollute rate reduced from 34% to 10%-indicating that urea is a fine nitrogen resource for growth of Jew’s-ear. Its rate of best combination is 0.5% urea required amount and 10% required amount of wheat bran. It is save on food and cost.
To counter this tendency with low yield and high polluted rate of Jew’s-ear by sugarcane bagasse, we carried out appraisal test of 7 Jew’s-ear strains. It is determinated that the strain D-5 passesses high yielding and fine quality. The vigour of its hypha is strong. The hypha grows in 4mm. on an average in day and 0.7-1.2mm. longer than other 6 strains. The fruit-body of the Jew’s-ear leaf of D-5 is large. Its flesh is thick and tincture is black. On an everage the substance of 100kg. produces dry Jew’s-ear over 6 kg. Its yield increased in 50% than entered test strain D-8.which is popularized by culture of substitute materials in our country.And its yield increased in 88.9% than entered test strain D-7, which is popularized by culture of log in our country.The fillprescription of 0.5% urea instead of 50% wheat bran has obvious effecient for increasing yield. The bio-efficiency reached by 74%. It increased 21.1% yield than control-prescription with adding 20% of wheat bran. And pollute rate reduced from 34% to 10%-indicating that urea is a fine nitrogen resource for growth of Jew’s-ear. Its rate of best combination is 0.5% urea required amount and 10% required amount of wheat bran. It is save on food and cost.
1991, 6(1): 79-82.
Abstract:
An investigation was made on the classification and distribution of insect pests on jasminum sanbac from 1984 to 1989 in some selected areas of Fujian province. Fifteen kinds of Lepidoptera. one kind of Djptera, fourteen kinds of Coleoptera, four kinds of Orthoptera. four kinds of Hemiptera, eleven kinds of Homoptera, three kinds of Thysanoptera and one kinds of Isoptera were discovered and identified. At the same time, it has been made the list.
An investigation was made on the classification and distribution of insect pests on jasminum sanbac from 1984 to 1989 in some selected areas of Fujian province. Fifteen kinds of Lepidoptera. one kind of Djptera, fourteen kinds of Coleoptera, four kinds of Orthoptera. four kinds of Hemiptera, eleven kinds of Homoptera, three kinds of Thysanoptera and one kinds of Isoptera were discovered and identified. At the same time, it has been made the list.
1991, 6(1): 83-91.
Abstract:
Discussion is made on the recent advances in new techniques for a rapid, sensitive and specific detection for phytopathogenic prokaryotes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), monoclonal antibodies, immunoflurescence, immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) and nucleic acid hybridization are described in relation to phytopathogenic prokaryote diagnosis.
Discussion is made on the recent advances in new techniques for a rapid, sensitive and specific detection for phytopathogenic prokaryotes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), monoclonal antibodies, immunoflurescence, immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) and nucleic acid hybridization are described in relation to phytopathogenic prokaryote diagnosis.
1991, 6(1): 92-96.
Abstract:
Using F1 of Taigu male-sterile wheat with resistance to Scab as the female parent and the varieties with better resistance to Scab as the male parent, crosses were maded, breeding wheat resistance to Scab were carried out by recurrent selection. The results of field-resistance-appraisal showed that in Nan-ping Institute of Agricultural Science in 1989. the resistance of 27 lines among 30 varieties performanced better than that of Su-M ai No.3. Sixteen lines were identified for disease resistance by injecting inoculation method in Jiangsu Institute of Plant Protection. The results showed the resistance to Scab of 9 lines reached the resistance level. The paper briefly summarize the experimences of the select-breeding.
Using F1 of Taigu male-sterile wheat with resistance to Scab as the female parent and the varieties with better resistance to Scab as the male parent, crosses were maded, breeding wheat resistance to Scab were carried out by recurrent selection. The results of field-resistance-appraisal showed that in Nan-ping Institute of Agricultural Science in 1989. the resistance of 27 lines among 30 varieties performanced better than that of Su-M ai No.3. Sixteen lines were identified for disease resistance by injecting inoculation method in Jiangsu Institute of Plant Protection. The results showed the resistance to Scab of 9 lines reached the resistance level. The paper briefly summarize the experimences of the select-breeding.
