1989 Vol. 4, No. 1
Display Method:
1989, 4(1): 1-9.
Abstract:
The crude capsular antigen (CCA) has been extracted by using 2.9% NaC1 solution and SDS from pasteuralla multocide strain C4S-1. Under an electronic microscope, the capeula of pasteuralla multocide was found a C spiral structure of blossom or irregular form. By chemical assay, it shows a polysaccharides-protein complexes. Mice, 20-day-old and adult ducks inoculated by the antigen are no side-effecte, and shows a good immunogenicity. With antigen containing protein 1.41-2.15mg to vaccinat 8 groups of duck through intramuscular and subcuticilar way after 15 days, the protective rate is up to 80%. Nine replicated tests have been conducted, and the protective rate is 85-100%. It shows that the efficiency is stable and reliable. CCA immune duration could sustain 5-5.5 months and the protective rate is over 75%. This has been done in the fields in several provinces of China, and the Protective rate shows similarly to that have been done in the laboratory.CCA has been vaccinated to laying ducks, and it shows no significant difference in the rate of egg-production between control group and test group both in the fields and laboratory, and it also could be used to control the disease when it is breaking out. A Subunit vaccine Can be made by CCA to prevent fowl cholera, and the vaccine could be adopted by factory and Produce in large quantities.
The crude capsular antigen (CCA) has been extracted by using 2.9% NaC1 solution and SDS from pasteuralla multocide strain C4S-1. Under an electronic microscope, the capeula of pasteuralla multocide was found a C spiral structure of blossom or irregular form. By chemical assay, it shows a polysaccharides-protein complexes. Mice, 20-day-old and adult ducks inoculated by the antigen are no side-effecte, and shows a good immunogenicity. With antigen containing protein 1.41-2.15mg to vaccinat 8 groups of duck through intramuscular and subcuticilar way after 15 days, the protective rate is up to 80%. Nine replicated tests have been conducted, and the protective rate is 85-100%. It shows that the efficiency is stable and reliable. CCA immune duration could sustain 5-5.5 months and the protective rate is over 75%. This has been done in the fields in several provinces of China, and the Protective rate shows similarly to that have been done in the laboratory.CCA has been vaccinated to laying ducks, and it shows no significant difference in the rate of egg-production between control group and test group both in the fields and laboratory, and it also could be used to control the disease when it is breaking out. A Subunit vaccine Can be made by CCA to prevent fowl cholera, and the vaccine could be adopted by factory and Produce in large quantities.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY METHODS USING MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES FOR DETECTING NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS (NDV)
1989, 4(1): 10-15.
Abstract:
Immunohistochemistry methods using monoclonal antibodies (McAb) to diagnose Newcastle Disease (ND) have been established.The NDV antigen were found in the organs and tissues of the chickens infected NDV by using these methods. The FA positive rates of the spleen, lung, kidney, and caecum of the cnickens with ND were 86~91%, 91~93%, 100%, 86% respectively, which proved these organs were ideal tested samples for detecting NDV.In a comparison, the positive rate of FA(92.3%) was higher than the rate of virus isolation (87.2%), The concordant rate of the two nctiods was 89.7%.The results showed that the immunohistochemistry methods were simple,rapid and accurate,and that the McAb as a diagnosis reagent was excellent.
Immunohistochemistry methods using monoclonal antibodies (McAb) to diagnose Newcastle Disease (ND) have been established.The NDV antigen were found in the organs and tissues of the chickens infected NDV by using these methods. The FA positive rates of the spleen, lung, kidney, and caecum of the cnickens with ND were 86~91%, 91~93%, 100%, 86% respectively, which proved these organs were ideal tested samples for detecting NDV.In a comparison, the positive rate of FA(92.3%) was higher than the rate of virus isolation (87.2%), The concordant rate of the two nctiods was 89.7%.The results showed that the immunohistochemistry methods were simple,rapid and accurate,and that the McAb as a diagnosis reagent was excellent.
1989, 4(1): 16-22.
Abstract:
This paper adopts the nethos of fuzzy mathematics analysis to set up a new and more accurat aynthesis decision model on the basis of the synthetic judgment model with generalized fuzzy operation.the model has been used to predict the occurence of yellow rice borer in the first generation with the meteorological facts of wupin county.The result proves that the model is applicable.Examination wi th theinformation of the past twenty years shows the historical coincidences between the prognosis and the investigations were ninety-five percent.Comparing with the others, using the way can not only deal with the phenomenon of "fuzziness" in the fuzzy middle transition, but also fully apply the fact information and increase the accuracy,This paper clarifies the calculating method and discusses the details.
This paper adopts the nethos of fuzzy mathematics analysis to set up a new and more accurat aynthesis decision model on the basis of the synthetic judgment model with generalized fuzzy operation.the model has been used to predict the occurence of yellow rice borer in the first generation with the meteorological facts of wupin county.The result proves that the model is applicable.Examination wi th theinformation of the past twenty years shows the historical coincidences between the prognosis and the investigations were ninety-five percent.Comparing with the others, using the way can not only deal with the phenomenon of "fuzziness" in the fuzzy middle transition, but also fully apply the fact information and increase the accuracy,This paper clarifies the calculating method and discusses the details.
1989, 4(1): 23-32.
Abstract:
In recent years,the effect on potassium fertilizer in paddy field has been obviously going up. It seems to surpass phosphorus fertilizer and even has a tendency to approach the effect of nitrogen fertilizer in Fu-jian. Nitrogen effected well in all sorts of paddy field. If the applying of nitrogen were deficient, the plants showed decreased ear number and effective tillers, increased empty grain, shortten ear, seed weight and yield were also affected.The effect of potassium is very efficient in all sorts of paddy field except salinized soil. If rice were deficient in potassium, the ear would be short, less grain numbers and the thousand-grain weight decreased.In the present, relatively economic and rational quantities for apply ing of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, and their proportions are, in early rice, 13.8-15.7kg, the ratio of N:P2O5:K2O equal to 1:0.4-0.5 :0.5-0.75; in late rice, 10.4-15.9kg, N; P2O5:K2O equal to 1:0-0.3: 0.75-1,
In recent years,the effect on potassium fertilizer in paddy field has been obviously going up. It seems to surpass phosphorus fertilizer and even has a tendency to approach the effect of nitrogen fertilizer in Fu-jian. Nitrogen effected well in all sorts of paddy field. If the applying of nitrogen were deficient, the plants showed decreased ear number and effective tillers, increased empty grain, shortten ear, seed weight and yield were also affected.The effect of potassium is very efficient in all sorts of paddy field except salinized soil. If rice were deficient in potassium, the ear would be short, less grain numbers and the thousand-grain weight decreased.In the present, relatively economic and rational quantities for apply ing of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, and their proportions are, in early rice, 13.8-15.7kg, the ratio of N:P2O5:K2O equal to 1:0.4-0.5 :0.5-0.75; in late rice, 10.4-15.9kg, N; P2O5:K2O equal to 1:0-0.3: 0.75-1,
1989, 4(1): 33-40.
Abstract:
This paper uses principal component analysis and the ward’s cluster method of squared euclielian distances of standard data to svaluate fertility grade synthetically for the 12 fertility indexes of 158 paddy soils from medium-low yield regions at Fujian. The results showed that the content of soil organic matter, the status of soil textare, the depth of tillage layer and the content of avalable K2O affected soil fertility more strongly than any other indexes. The scores of four largest principal factors were used as new variables then 158 paddy soils were ferther grouped into seven types of soil fertility on the basis of clustering. Of them there are three types belonging to low fertility, two types belonging to medium and the other two types to high fertility. It is a guide to the classification of medium-low yielding fields.
This paper uses principal component analysis and the ward’s cluster method of squared euclielian distances of standard data to svaluate fertility grade synthetically for the 12 fertility indexes of 158 paddy soils from medium-low yield regions at Fujian. The results showed that the content of soil organic matter, the status of soil textare, the depth of tillage layer and the content of avalable K2O affected soil fertility more strongly than any other indexes. The scores of four largest principal factors were used as new variables then 158 paddy soils were ferther grouped into seven types of soil fertility on the basis of clustering. Of them there are three types belonging to low fertility, two types belonging to medium and the other two types to high fertility. It is a guide to the classification of medium-low yielding fields.
1989, 4(1): 41-47.
Abstract:
Leucaena glauca is a newly developed woody leguminous crop.It may serve important role to improve soil fertility and can be used as fodder for livestock and poultry.This paper reports the isolation of Rhizohlum sp.D3 from native whi-tepopinac leadtree (leucaena glauca) in Fujian Province.lt grows well in pH 4.5-5.0 acid soil and stimulates the nodulation and N2-fixing activity of Leucaena glauca.With the inoculation of Rhizohium sp. D3 the nodule number increased about 1.4-4.6 folds over that of Rhizohium sp.which introduced from Philippines.The nitrogenase activity was also increased.The bacteria number in the same volume by using solid culture method is 25 folds higher than that by liquid culture A large area demons-wtration of inoculating Rhizohium sp.DS to whitepopinac leadtree showed -that the growth rate of whitepopinac leadtree was increaded about 2 folds over the GK treatment.The effect of increasing yield was very significant.
Leucaena glauca is a newly developed woody leguminous crop.It may serve important role to improve soil fertility and can be used as fodder for livestock and poultry.This paper reports the isolation of Rhizohlum sp.D3 from native whi-tepopinac leadtree (leucaena glauca) in Fujian Province.lt grows well in pH 4.5-5.0 acid soil and stimulates the nodulation and N2-fixing activity of Leucaena glauca.With the inoculation of Rhizohium sp. D3 the nodule number increased about 1.4-4.6 folds over that of Rhizohium sp.which introduced from Philippines.The nitrogenase activity was also increased.The bacteria number in the same volume by using solid culture method is 25 folds higher than that by liquid culture A large area demons-wtration of inoculating Rhizohium sp.DS to whitepopinac leadtree showed -that the growth rate of whitepopinac leadtree was increaded about 2 folds over the GK treatment.The effect of increasing yield was very significant.
1989, 4(1): 48-54.
Abstract:
The paper disscussed the mineral nutrient and fertilizer practice for high-yield of Peng-Gang citrus, and revealed the nutrient level of high and low-yield, annual nutrient variation, correlation ship between foliage mineral nutrient and biological characteristies, and the balance characteristes of mineral nutrient physiology .Nutrient indices which were demonstrated in large scale area for high and low-yield are proposed. According to the response of fliage mineral nutrient and fertilizertest, the fertilizer requirement and the formula for high-yield of "Peng-Gang" citrus, and "W" applying pattern were proposed.
The paper disscussed the mineral nutrient and fertilizer practice for high-yield of Peng-Gang citrus, and revealed the nutrient level of high and low-yield, annual nutrient variation, correlation ship between foliage mineral nutrient and biological characteristies, and the balance characteristes of mineral nutrient physiology .Nutrient indices which were demonstrated in large scale area for high and low-yield are proposed. According to the response of fliage mineral nutrient and fertilizertest, the fertilizer requirement and the formula for high-yield of "Peng-Gang" citrus, and "W" applying pattern were proposed.
1989, 4(1): 55-63.
Abstract:
Magnesium deficiency is one of the common phenomena occuring in the mountainous citrus orchards in South Fujian.It causes the short-life of foliage and lower chlorophyll content; it also retards the process of photosynthesis, arrests the growth of the roots and makes the plant to deteriorate and thus leads to alternate bearing of fruits.The amount of exchangeable magnesium in the soil of magnesium deficient orchard is usually below 50 ppm, and that of exchangeable potassium is usually above 150-200 ppm.The exchangeable potassium-magenesium ratio value is higher than 0.5.The soil shows highly or very highly acid.The potassium-magnesium content in the foliage correlated with the exchangeable potassium-magnesium content in the soil positivelly.The magnesium content of the magnesium deficient plant’s foliage is below 0.25% with the lowest is 0.03% only.The magnesium content in the old leaves is lower than that in the young leaves and visual symptom, could be observed.As far as potassium is concerned, it usually exceeds the intermediate range of 1.2-1.6%.The conditions that cause the magnesium deficiency in the mountainous land of South Fujian are two fold, l.the content of assimulab-Je exchangeable magnesium in the soil is low; 2.the ratio value between the exchangeable poatssium and the exchangeable magnesium is out appropriate proportion.The visual symptoms appear in the plant are mostly of A and B types.A spray of 1% magnesium nitrate may quickly increase the magnesium content of the plant foilage and cause its potassium content to drop to a reasonable range,while the calcium content of the foilage would correspondently be heightened and effect an increase of its chlorophyll. This, in comparison with the control plot shows a significant or highly significant differences.A basic measure for the remedy of magnesium deficiency is to apple magnesium fertilizer and use lime or dolomitic lime to adjust the pH value to 6-6.5, and also to apply potassium fertilizer,according to the existing potassium content of the soil.
Magnesium deficiency is one of the common phenomena occuring in the mountainous citrus orchards in South Fujian.It causes the short-life of foliage and lower chlorophyll content; it also retards the process of photosynthesis, arrests the growth of the roots and makes the plant to deteriorate and thus leads to alternate bearing of fruits.The amount of exchangeable magnesium in the soil of magnesium deficient orchard is usually below 50 ppm, and that of exchangeable potassium is usually above 150-200 ppm.The exchangeable potassium-magenesium ratio value is higher than 0.5.The soil shows highly or very highly acid.The potassium-magnesium content in the foliage correlated with the exchangeable potassium-magnesium content in the soil positivelly.The magnesium content of the magnesium deficient plant’s foliage is below 0.25% with the lowest is 0.03% only.The magnesium content in the old leaves is lower than that in the young leaves and visual symptom, could be observed.As far as potassium is concerned, it usually exceeds the intermediate range of 1.2-1.6%.The conditions that cause the magnesium deficiency in the mountainous land of South Fujian are two fold, l.the content of assimulab-Je exchangeable magnesium in the soil is low; 2.the ratio value between the exchangeable poatssium and the exchangeable magnesium is out appropriate proportion.The visual symptoms appear in the plant are mostly of A and B types.A spray of 1% magnesium nitrate may quickly increase the magnesium content of the plant foilage and cause its potassium content to drop to a reasonable range,while the calcium content of the foilage would correspondently be heightened and effect an increase of its chlorophyll. This, in comparison with the control plot shows a significant or highly significant differences.A basic measure for the remedy of magnesium deficiency is to apple magnesium fertilizer and use lime or dolomitic lime to adjust the pH value to 6-6.5, and also to apply potassium fertilizer,according to the existing potassium content of the soil.
1989, 4(1): 64-69.
Abstract:
The effects of four mediums with different ions and pH value, incubating the transport tissue sections, on ATPase activity of phloem cells of different internodes in two sugarcane varieties was studied in this paper by cytochemical technique. The changes of ATPase activity of phloem cells of sugarcane in different age was also investigated. The results showed that ATPase activity of sugarcane stem phloem has significant difference in the present of different ions and pH value.Mg++ and cl- gave the greatest stimulation to phloem ATPase and the ATPase activity showed higher in the medium with pH 6.5 than with pH 7.2. The phloem ATPase activity of the same position internode in different age showed different, and which consisted with the increase of sugar accumulation with cane ripening. It was suggested that sugar unloaded from phloem in suggarcane stem was active process and speculated that, with the enzyme cytochemical technique, the characteristics of membrane located ATPase activity of phloem cellse which are difficult to isolate and their effection on phloem transport may be known qualitatively and directly.
The effects of four mediums with different ions and pH value, incubating the transport tissue sections, on ATPase activity of phloem cells of different internodes in two sugarcane varieties was studied in this paper by cytochemical technique. The changes of ATPase activity of phloem cells of sugarcane in different age was also investigated. The results showed that ATPase activity of sugarcane stem phloem has significant difference in the present of different ions and pH value.Mg++ and cl- gave the greatest stimulation to phloem ATPase and the ATPase activity showed higher in the medium with pH 6.5 than with pH 7.2. The phloem ATPase activity of the same position internode in different age showed different, and which consisted with the increase of sugar accumulation with cane ripening. It was suggested that sugar unloaded from phloem in suggarcane stem was active process and speculated that, with the enzyme cytochemical technique, the characteristics of membrane located ATPase activity of phloem cellse which are difficult to isolate and their effection on phloem transport may be known qualitatively and directly.
1989, 4(1): 70-77.
Abstract:
Diurnal variation of allantoia (ALL) and allantoic acid (ALA) concentration occurs in nodules, roots, stems petioles and leaves of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus DC.).The relationship between ALL, ALA concentration in each organs of winged bean plant was investigated. The corre-lativity between ureides concentration and ALL, A LA concentration in each organs was observed.The correlation between ALL/ureide and ureides,ALL, ALA and ALL/ureide in each organs was also detected, ALA concentration in rootshas a negative correlation to the ureides, ALL and ALA concectra-tion in each organs.ALA concentration correlates negatively to the ALL/ureide in nodules. ALA concentration in roots correlates negatively to the A-LL/ureide in roots and nodules, too. Our data suggests that ALA may have a feedback inhibition to ALL synthesis.
Diurnal variation of allantoia (ALL) and allantoic acid (ALA) concentration occurs in nodules, roots, stems petioles and leaves of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus DC.).The relationship between ALL, ALA concentration in each organs of winged bean plant was investigated. The corre-lativity between ureides concentration and ALL, A LA concentration in each organs was observed.The correlation between ALL/ureide and ureides,ALL, ALA and ALL/ureide in each organs was also detected, ALA concentration in rootshas a negative correlation to the ureides, ALL and ALA concectra-tion in each organs.ALA concentration correlates negatively to the ALL/ureide in nodules. ALA concentration in roots correlates negatively to the A-LL/ureide in roots and nodules, too. Our data suggests that ALA may have a feedback inhibition to ALL synthesis.
1989, 4(1): 78-85.
Abstract:
In this paper, the kinetic methods used in studying the release of inter-layer K of soil minerals are grouped and commented on, and the rate of K-release and the affecting factors as well as the kinetic mechanisms are reviewed in more detail.The researchers’ results indicated that, small clays released interlayer K at a higher rate than larger ones, and so did the triotahedral (trio.)silicate minerals than the dioctahedral (dio.) ones.The rates of K-release of micas in releasing order were. Fe-rich biotite (trio.)Mg-rich phlogopite (trio.) muscuvite (dio.) .Their fraction of interlayer K released was a linear function of the square root of time.Martin’s experimental data suggested that the rate of K-release of soils employed could be discribed satisfactarily by the first-order diffusion equation.Hydrogen ion concentration up to 10-8 or higher (pH3) may lead to the distruction of the clay structure so as to speed up the rate of K-release. The relation between temperature (T) ,the rate of leaching (L) and the salt concentration (N) and the rate of K-release could be expressed as r = k(L. AT-N1/2) .During the release of potassium, several kinetic mechanisms were involved simultaneously, however, the interdiffusioa -was the most essential one.
In this paper, the kinetic methods used in studying the release of inter-layer K of soil minerals are grouped and commented on, and the rate of K-release and the affecting factors as well as the kinetic mechanisms are reviewed in more detail.The researchers’ results indicated that, small clays released interlayer K at a higher rate than larger ones, and so did the triotahedral (trio.)silicate minerals than the dioctahedral (dio.) ones.The rates of K-release of micas in releasing order were. Fe-rich biotite (trio.)Mg-rich phlogopite (trio.) muscuvite (dio.) .Their fraction of interlayer K released was a linear function of the square root of time.Martin’s experimental data suggested that the rate of K-release of soils employed could be discribed satisfactarily by the first-order diffusion equation.Hydrogen ion concentration up to 10-8 or higher (pH3) may lead to the distruction of the clay structure so as to speed up the rate of K-release. The relation between temperature (T) ,the rate of leaching (L) and the salt concentration (N) and the rate of K-release could be expressed as r = k(L. AT-N1/2) .During the release of potassium, several kinetic mechanisms were involved simultaneously, however, the interdiffusioa -was the most essential one.
1989, 4(1): 86-88.
Abstract:
1989, 4(1): 89-92.
Abstract:
