1988 Vol. 3, No. 2
Display Method:
1988, 3(2): 1-9.
Abstract:
Pathogen was separated from the bodies of infected Euproctis pseudo-cor.spersa larvae and was identified as Euproctis pseudoconspersa nuclear poly-hedrosis virus (EPNPV). The rod-shaped virus belongs to the multi -granule inclusion type. Its DNA is of the configuration of monomolecu-lar double-strand superhelix,with a molecular weight of 9.6-9.7?107 Dolton.According to the results of bioassey on Euproctis pseudoconspersa larvae (3-5 instar), the LC50 of EPNPV was 1.18-1.58?105 PIB/ml. Large amounts of the virus was obtained by following methods: 1. applying the virus to tea bush and then collecting infected larvae; 2. transferring the infected larvae to a tea plot for reproduction; 3. reproducing on laboratory conditions.Formulations of powder and emulsion were made for field experiment. According to the field experiment conducted since 1976 on different instared larvae under various ecological conditions, a control rate of 71 -97% was observed in a dose of 3-6?107 PIB/ml, with some persistent effect.During 1985 and 1986, about 4000 mu of tea plantation was treated with EPNPV. The control rate was 82-90% or more. Significant economic benefits were reaped. EPNPV is safe to humans and animals and not toxic to such main predators as spiders and ladybugs.
Pathogen was separated from the bodies of infected Euproctis pseudo-cor.spersa larvae and was identified as Euproctis pseudoconspersa nuclear poly-hedrosis virus (EPNPV). The rod-shaped virus belongs to the multi -granule inclusion type. Its DNA is of the configuration of monomolecu-lar double-strand superhelix,with a molecular weight of 9.6-9.7?107 Dolton.According to the results of bioassey on Euproctis pseudoconspersa larvae (3-5 instar), the LC50 of EPNPV was 1.18-1.58?105 PIB/ml. Large amounts of the virus was obtained by following methods: 1. applying the virus to tea bush and then collecting infected larvae; 2. transferring the infected larvae to a tea plot for reproduction; 3. reproducing on laboratory conditions.Formulations of powder and emulsion were made for field experiment. According to the field experiment conducted since 1976 on different instared larvae under various ecological conditions, a control rate of 71 -97% was observed in a dose of 3-6?107 PIB/ml, with some persistent effect.During 1985 and 1986, about 4000 mu of tea plantation was treated with EPNPV. The control rate was 82-90% or more. Significant economic benefits were reaped. EPNPV is safe to humans and animals and not toxic to such main predators as spiders and ladybugs.
1988, 3(2): 10-18.
Abstract:
Sprouting, growing and plucking periods of tea shoots in winter and spring were observed continuously in 1962-87.We released several forecasts of plucking periods to wide tea areas every year.This paper sums up our research results.It contains three parts: 1.We have obtained the temperature of sprouting and the value of accumulated temperature of different species of tea plant from sprouting to plucking periods: extra-early sprouting species-8℃, 134±15.3℃ early sprouting species-10℃, 128.3 ±10.1℃; meidum sprouting species-10-12℃, 137.6 ± 15.7℃; late sprouting species-14℃, 121.8±9.2℃. 2.We have analyzed the relationship between the plucking periods of different species and meteorological factors. Results show the greatest influence of mean temperature,sunshine-hour and rainfall on the plucking period of extra-early sprouting and early sprou-ting species; the next greatest influence on that of medium sprouting species;and the smallest on that of late sprouting species.The mean temperature of February and the first ten days of March are closely interrelated to the plucking period of extra-early sprouting species.The mean temperature of March is closely interrelated to the plucking period of early medium and late sprouting species. 3. We have provided three kinds of methods of tea plucking period forecast in spring. A. method of interval days of growing period; B. method of accumulated temperature; C. method of multiple regression.Long-term productive practice shows that the method of interval days of growing period has the best effects among the three methods and is easy to use in tea areas.
Sprouting, growing and plucking periods of tea shoots in winter and spring were observed continuously in 1962-87.We released several forecasts of plucking periods to wide tea areas every year.This paper sums up our research results.It contains three parts: 1.We have obtained the temperature of sprouting and the value of accumulated temperature of different species of tea plant from sprouting to plucking periods: extra-early sprouting species-8℃, 134±15.3℃ early sprouting species-10℃, 128.3 ±10.1℃; meidum sprouting species-10-12℃, 137.6 ± 15.7℃; late sprouting species-14℃, 121.8±9.2℃. 2.We have analyzed the relationship between the plucking periods of different species and meteorological factors. Results show the greatest influence of mean temperature,sunshine-hour and rainfall on the plucking period of extra-early sprouting and early sprou-ting species; the next greatest influence on that of medium sprouting species;and the smallest on that of late sprouting species.The mean temperature of February and the first ten days of March are closely interrelated to the plucking period of extra-early sprouting species.The mean temperature of March is closely interrelated to the plucking period of early medium and late sprouting species. 3. We have provided three kinds of methods of tea plucking period forecast in spring. A. method of interval days of growing period; B. method of accumulated temperature; C. method of multiple regression.Long-term productive practice shows that the method of interval days of growing period has the best effects among the three methods and is easy to use in tea areas.
1988, 3(2): 19-24.
Abstract:
The paper summarized the process of rice breeding research of Fujian Province. There have been two breakthrough events: short-stature rice breeding and hybrid rice breeding in "three-line method". At present, there is a third breakthrough event, i.e., the use of sub-specific heterosis to produce Indica-Japonica hybrid rice in "two-line method". The paper also analysed two main factors which have led to the three breakthrough events in rice breeding; one is new ideas and the other is new materials.The strategy of the development of future rice bredding in Fujian Province was proposed. The breeder must make conventional breeding as the base, lay emphasis on hybrid rice breeding and develop new breeding technology.The conventional breeding aims at selecting and breeding mid-maturity and early-season Indica rice varieties with high yield, multi-resistance, good quality and wide adaptability. Hybrid breeding follows "two-line method", not "three-line method", and uses sub-specific heterosis, not varietal heterosis. Conventional breeding and hybrid breeding have an associated, penetrated and promoted relationship.New technology must be closely coordinated with conventional breeding. It can take advantage and overcome shortage,bringing their superiority into full play.
The paper summarized the process of rice breeding research of Fujian Province. There have been two breakthrough events: short-stature rice breeding and hybrid rice breeding in "three-line method". At present, there is a third breakthrough event, i.e., the use of sub-specific heterosis to produce Indica-Japonica hybrid rice in "two-line method". The paper also analysed two main factors which have led to the three breakthrough events in rice breeding; one is new ideas and the other is new materials.The strategy of the development of future rice bredding in Fujian Province was proposed. The breeder must make conventional breeding as the base, lay emphasis on hybrid rice breeding and develop new breeding technology.The conventional breeding aims at selecting and breeding mid-maturity and early-season Indica rice varieties with high yield, multi-resistance, good quality and wide adaptability. Hybrid breeding follows "two-line method", not "three-line method", and uses sub-specific heterosis, not varietal heterosis. Conventional breeding and hybrid breeding have an associated, penetrated and promoted relationship.New technology must be closely coordinated with conventional breeding. It can take advantage and overcome shortage,bringing their superiority into full play.
1988, 3(2): 25-31.
Abstract:
This paper reports radiant effect of 60Co-gamma rays on screening rice resistant mutants in vitro with seed-somato-derived and microspore -derived callus clone. The tested materials included 4 Hsien (Indica)rice varieties such as Ce 49 and Zhen-you No.l1, and 1 Keng (Japonica) rice variety (Li-jiang-xin-tuan-hei-gu). The radiant dose was 0-12 Kr for seed-somato-derived-calli, 0-10 Kr for microspore derived calli,0-2 Kr for placed anthers. The raw toxin extract of the race ZA1 or ZB15 of piricularia oryzae (0.1ml/tube) was applied to the surface of N6 medium with 2,4-D 2,NAA 2,KT 1 mg/1,The treated medium was used for selection medium.And the treated medium supplemented with sterile water was taken for control group. Three pieces of calli (about 1.5 mm in diameter) or 65-75 anthers (late-monokaryotic stage) were placed in each test tube.After screening for 30 days in vitro at 28±1℃, anther culture in dark condition and callus culture in 2500-3000 lx for 8-10 h/day, the growth of callus or the rate of pollen-callus induction was investigated. After regenerating for 30 days, the rate of green plant regeneration was investigated.The result showed that the induction of pollen-callus, growth of seed-somato-derived and microspore-derived calli and plant regeneration were retarded to a certain degree by 60Co-gamma rays, when the raw toxin extract of P. oryzae was taken for stress factor.There was negative relation between the growth of calli and radiant dose, particularly in the first in vitro screening.The retarded effect of raw toxin extract of the race ZA1 on pollen-callus induction in anther culture was more obvious than that of ZB15.The somato-clone was more suscepfive to 60Co-gamma rays than microspore-clone within 4-8 Kr. This study shows the possible potential of the induced variation by 60Co-gamma rays together with the raw toxin extract of P. oryzae being applied to screening rice resistant mutants in vitro.
This paper reports radiant effect of 60Co-gamma rays on screening rice resistant mutants in vitro with seed-somato-derived and microspore -derived callus clone. The tested materials included 4 Hsien (Indica)rice varieties such as Ce 49 and Zhen-you No.l1, and 1 Keng (Japonica) rice variety (Li-jiang-xin-tuan-hei-gu). The radiant dose was 0-12 Kr for seed-somato-derived-calli, 0-10 Kr for microspore derived calli,0-2 Kr for placed anthers. The raw toxin extract of the race ZA1 or ZB15 of piricularia oryzae (0.1ml/tube) was applied to the surface of N6 medium with 2,4-D 2,NAA 2,KT 1 mg/1,The treated medium was used for selection medium.And the treated medium supplemented with sterile water was taken for control group. Three pieces of calli (about 1.5 mm in diameter) or 65-75 anthers (late-monokaryotic stage) were placed in each test tube.After screening for 30 days in vitro at 28±1℃, anther culture in dark condition and callus culture in 2500-3000 lx for 8-10 h/day, the growth of callus or the rate of pollen-callus induction was investigated. After regenerating for 30 days, the rate of green plant regeneration was investigated.The result showed that the induction of pollen-callus, growth of seed-somato-derived and microspore-derived calli and plant regeneration were retarded to a certain degree by 60Co-gamma rays, when the raw toxin extract of P. oryzae was taken for stress factor.There was negative relation between the growth of calli and radiant dose, particularly in the first in vitro screening.The retarded effect of raw toxin extract of the race ZA1 on pollen-callus induction in anther culture was more obvious than that of ZB15.The somato-clone was more suscepfive to 60Co-gamma rays than microspore-clone within 4-8 Kr. This study shows the possible potential of the induced variation by 60Co-gamma rays together with the raw toxin extract of P. oryzae being applied to screening rice resistant mutants in vitro.
1988, 3(2): 32-35.
Abstract:
With four varieties of Oryza sativa indica as test materials, the activity was investigated of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in the leaves of seedlings treated with plant hormones. Results Showed that ethrel tended to enhance resistance and auxin tended to decrease resistance. After fungal infection, the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in the leaves treated with ethrel increased to high levels within 48 hours,and these increments occured within 96 hours in the leaves treated with auxin. Polyphenol oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of phenol to quinone which is more toxic to hyphae.Results also showed that the activity of polyphenol oxidase increased with the decrease of free phenol content in the infected leaves. Based on these results, it was suggested that ethrel induced the early activation of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, and phenols were concomitantly oxidated to quinone which inhibited hyphal growth in host cells. Auxin had not this function.
With four varieties of Oryza sativa indica as test materials, the activity was investigated of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in the leaves of seedlings treated with plant hormones. Results Showed that ethrel tended to enhance resistance and auxin tended to decrease resistance. After fungal infection, the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in the leaves treated with ethrel increased to high levels within 48 hours,and these increments occured within 96 hours in the leaves treated with auxin. Polyphenol oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of phenol to quinone which is more toxic to hyphae.Results also showed that the activity of polyphenol oxidase increased with the decrease of free phenol content in the infected leaves. Based on these results, it was suggested that ethrel induced the early activation of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, and phenols were concomitantly oxidated to quinone which inhibited hyphal growth in host cells. Auxin had not this function.
1988, 3(2): 36-42.
Abstract:
During 1985-87, the sweet potato varieties were tested for disease resistance by using strains of sweet potato bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum) in green houses and in wide disease areas. The results were obtained as follows: the variety 330 was resistant, Min Kang 329 and Hua Bei 48 medium-resistant, Guang Shu 15 medium-susceptible, Xin Zhong Hua and Hui Hong Zao susceptible. Statistics for the test data showed the resistance differences between the 6 varieties including 330 were remarkable or extremely remarkable. The results of test for amino acids showed that the difference in the mean amount of amino acids between the six varieties was distinct and stable. The test and analysis showed that the relationships between the disease severity and the amount of amino acids were positive inter elation. The less amount of amino acids in the variety, the more resistant the variety was. However, the more amount of amino acids in the variety, the more susceptible the variety was. Cluster analysis in an average way has proved the relationships. Fig. 1 shows the rescaled distance cluster combine.
During 1985-87, the sweet potato varieties were tested for disease resistance by using strains of sweet potato bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum) in green houses and in wide disease areas. The results were obtained as follows: the variety 330 was resistant, Min Kang 329 and Hua Bei 48 medium-resistant, Guang Shu 15 medium-susceptible, Xin Zhong Hua and Hui Hong Zao susceptible. Statistics for the test data showed the resistance differences between the 6 varieties including 330 were remarkable or extremely remarkable. The results of test for amino acids showed that the difference in the mean amount of amino acids between the six varieties was distinct and stable. The test and analysis showed that the relationships between the disease severity and the amount of amino acids were positive inter elation. The less amount of amino acids in the variety, the more resistant the variety was. However, the more amount of amino acids in the variety, the more susceptible the variety was. Cluster analysis in an average way has proved the relationships. Fig. 1 shows the rescaled distance cluster combine.
1988, 3(2): 43-48.
Abstract:
In 1979 and 1983-86, the breeding materials and hybridization crosses of wheat were inoculated and identified on scab resistance. Investigation on 71 crosses indicated that the scab resistance tended to resistant parents with F1 hybrids,which were derived from the crosses of resistant variety? susceptible variety and which showed dominant effect.Scab displayed continuous distribution with F2 generations, which also showed dominant effect.The resistance of wheat to scab mainly showed partially dominant effect.The heritability of resistance to scab was somewhat low-er; the average heritability in a broad sense was 45.14% in 18 crosses. However,the differences were large between the corsses,ranging from 9.05 to 73.53%.The resistance of F1 was positively correlated with resistant parents, susceptible parents and the meanparent values. The correlation coefficients were 0.4616**and 0.4627** between F2 plants and F3 families. Selecting the single plant at earlier stage was effective to a certain degree, but progenies should be identified and selected continuously.
In 1979 and 1983-86, the breeding materials and hybridization crosses of wheat were inoculated and identified on scab resistance. Investigation on 71 crosses indicated that the scab resistance tended to resistant parents with F1 hybrids,which were derived from the crosses of resistant variety? susceptible variety and which showed dominant effect.Scab displayed continuous distribution with F2 generations, which also showed dominant effect.The resistance of wheat to scab mainly showed partially dominant effect.The heritability of resistance to scab was somewhat low-er; the average heritability in a broad sense was 45.14% in 18 crosses. However,the differences were large between the corsses,ranging from 9.05 to 73.53%.The resistance of F1 was positively correlated with resistant parents, susceptible parents and the meanparent values. The correlation coefficients were 0.4616**and 0.4627** between F2 plants and F3 families. Selecting the single plant at earlier stage was effective to a certain degree, but progenies should be identified and selected continuously.
1988, 3(2): 49-55.
Abstract:
The bark symptoms of susceptible rootstock and the results of identification by indicator plant showed that the exocortis disease of citrus have occurred in Fujian Province. In 4 out of 21 major citrus-producing counties,18 out of 131 cultivars presented typical exocortic symptoms with diseased rates of 10-100%. Trifoliate orange(Poncirus trifoliata (L.)Raf.)rootstock was highly susceptible, but mandarin cv. Fuju (Citrus reticulata Blanco)rootstock widely distributed in Fujian was tolerant. The incubation period of infected tree was more than 5 years. The scions collected from citrus trees with or without symptoms were indexed by the indicator plant including Etrog citron Arizona 861 or Arizona 861-S-1,or Gynura aurantiaca.The indexing data indicated that the major citrus cultivars in Fujian such as madarin cvs. Ponkan, Satsuma, Fuju, sweet orange cvs, Sekken,Xinhuicheng and other cultivars such as Gailiangcheng were infected by CEV. The disease was distributed in 9 counties, i. e., Fuzhou, Minqing, Jianyan, Jian’ou, Shaxian, Yongchun, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Nanjing. It is possible that this exocortis was introduced into Fujian from Sichuan Province,and that the agent comprised of some different strains. In Fujian, quarantine and eradication of diseased seedlings and trees of citrus are the key to controlling exocortis disease.Decontamination of budding tools and other tools is also an effective measure to reduce the spread of disease.
The bark symptoms of susceptible rootstock and the results of identification by indicator plant showed that the exocortis disease of citrus have occurred in Fujian Province. In 4 out of 21 major citrus-producing counties,18 out of 131 cultivars presented typical exocortic symptoms with diseased rates of 10-100%. Trifoliate orange(Poncirus trifoliata (L.)Raf.)rootstock was highly susceptible, but mandarin cv. Fuju (Citrus reticulata Blanco)rootstock widely distributed in Fujian was tolerant. The incubation period of infected tree was more than 5 years. The scions collected from citrus trees with or without symptoms were indexed by the indicator plant including Etrog citron Arizona 861 or Arizona 861-S-1,or Gynura aurantiaca.The indexing data indicated that the major citrus cultivars in Fujian such as madarin cvs. Ponkan, Satsuma, Fuju, sweet orange cvs, Sekken,Xinhuicheng and other cultivars such as Gailiangcheng were infected by CEV. The disease was distributed in 9 counties, i. e., Fuzhou, Minqing, Jianyan, Jian’ou, Shaxian, Yongchun, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Nanjing. It is possible that this exocortis was introduced into Fujian from Sichuan Province,and that the agent comprised of some different strains. In Fujian, quarantine and eradication of diseased seedlings and trees of citrus are the key to controlling exocortis disease.Decontamination of budding tools and other tools is also an effective measure to reduce the spread of disease.
1988, 3(2): 57-62.
Abstract:
The law of transmission of Citrus Huanglungbin by psylla and the distribution of pathegen in psylla have been studied since 1984. The results show that Huanglungbin agent can be transmitted by a single adult after feeding on the diseased citrus plant. It will infect tested seedlings at a high efficiency of 80%.The pathogen cannot be transmitted by a single adult after a 1-3-hour acquisition feeding on the diseased citrus plant,nor by a nymph of the 1st to 3rd instar. The infected adult is unable to transmit pathogen through its egg. But the pathoren can be transmitted by a single adult after an acquisition feeding of more than 5 hours on the diseased citrus plant and also by a nymph of the 4th to 5th instar. A freshly emerged adult from an infected old nymph is able to transmit the pathogen to the tested citrus seedlings and the pathogen in an old nymph can be transmitted to an adult emerging from the nymph, It is able to transmit the pathogen by striding instar. Since psyliid needs fresh shoots to lay eggs on, and the shoots of dissased citrus plant grow in a disorderly way, the Huanglunbin diseased tree in an orchaned is not only a tree of the pathogen source, but also tree of the vector source. On condition of psyliid transmitting pathogen by striding instar, psyliid growing on and spreading from diseased plant is the epidemic source of Huanglungbin disease in orchards. It is an important law on transmission of pathogen by psyliid.
The law of transmission of Citrus Huanglungbin by psylla and the distribution of pathegen in psylla have been studied since 1984. The results show that Huanglungbin agent can be transmitted by a single adult after feeding on the diseased citrus plant. It will infect tested seedlings at a high efficiency of 80%.The pathogen cannot be transmitted by a single adult after a 1-3-hour acquisition feeding on the diseased citrus plant,nor by a nymph of the 1st to 3rd instar. The infected adult is unable to transmit pathogen through its egg. But the pathoren can be transmitted by a single adult after an acquisition feeding of more than 5 hours on the diseased citrus plant and also by a nymph of the 4th to 5th instar. A freshly emerged adult from an infected old nymph is able to transmit the pathogen to the tested citrus seedlings and the pathogen in an old nymph can be transmitted to an adult emerging from the nymph, It is able to transmit the pathogen by striding instar. Since psyliid needs fresh shoots to lay eggs on, and the shoots of dissased citrus plant grow in a disorderly way, the Huanglunbin diseased tree in an orchaned is not only a tree of the pathogen source, but also tree of the vector source. On condition of psyliid transmitting pathogen by striding instar, psyliid growing on and spreading from diseased plant is the epidemic source of Huanglungbin disease in orchards. It is an important law on transmission of pathogen by psyliid.
1988, 3(2): 63-67.
Abstract:
An observation on ten typical longan varieties in three important lon-gan productive regions of Fujian Province (Fuzhou, Putian, Quanzhou) is reported. It attempted to find out the organs of steady inheritance in different varietal populations by means of examination of botanical characters. In order to establish a complete classification of longan varieties, and to be confirmed by enzymology, it will make a further study on the attribution of other longan varieties inside and outside Fujian Province.The results of recent research demonstrate that the shape of longan seed top is steadily inheritable and easy to recognize.So it can be regarded as a leading mark for classification. Based on this and also on the shape of placentations and the open size of stigma and the shape of leaves, Fujian longan varieties may be divided into three populations and six groups.1.Honghe Zhi population:Honghe Zhi group(including Honghe Zhi, Puminang, Jiaoyan ), Dongbi group (including Dongbi, Dapilong);2.Yu Tanben population:Yu Tanben group, Wunonglin group;3.Huyan population:Huyan group (including Huyan, Chike ), Sui-zhang group.The key to the variety populations of longan is listed.
An observation on ten typical longan varieties in three important lon-gan productive regions of Fujian Province (Fuzhou, Putian, Quanzhou) is reported. It attempted to find out the organs of steady inheritance in different varietal populations by means of examination of botanical characters. In order to establish a complete classification of longan varieties, and to be confirmed by enzymology, it will make a further study on the attribution of other longan varieties inside and outside Fujian Province.The results of recent research demonstrate that the shape of longan seed top is steadily inheritable and easy to recognize.So it can be regarded as a leading mark for classification. Based on this and also on the shape of placentations and the open size of stigma and the shape of leaves, Fujian longan varieties may be divided into three populations and six groups.1.Honghe Zhi population:Honghe Zhi group(including Honghe Zhi, Puminang, Jiaoyan ), Dongbi group (including Dongbi, Dapilong);2.Yu Tanben population:Yu Tanben group, Wunonglin group;3.Huyan population:Huyan group (including Huyan, Chike ), Sui-zhang group.The key to the variety populations of longan is listed.
AN OBSERVATION ON THE INFLORESCENCE DEVELOPMENT AND THE SEQUENCE OF FLOWER DIFFERENTIATION OF LONGAN
1988, 3(2): 68-71.
Abstract:
The inflorescence development and the sequence of flower differentiation of longan (Dimocarpus Longana Lour.) were observed through anatomical and SEM investigation, the aim of which is to find out the regular pattern of dynamic change of the flower buds from initiation to maturity.It will help to further study the flower bud differentiation and the differentiation of the flower sexual type of longan.The results are as follows:The clusters of the inflorescence of longan plant were found to be fasiculus, or paniculatus, which consisted of many cymes. They were mixed with leaves.The sequence of the development of different flower parts was centri petal; the sepals occurred first, followed by the petals, stamens and pistils, appearing from periphery to centre.That was somewhat different from previous research.Each small group of cymes had three flowers andthe central one opened first.The initial sepal was 2-2-1 in pattern.Its morphological mechanisms of the differentiation and development were also discussed.Some of the basic material applied here will be bene ficial for later researches in this field.
The inflorescence development and the sequence of flower differentiation of longan (Dimocarpus Longana Lour.) were observed through anatomical and SEM investigation, the aim of which is to find out the regular pattern of dynamic change of the flower buds from initiation to maturity.It will help to further study the flower bud differentiation and the differentiation of the flower sexual type of longan.The results are as follows:The clusters of the inflorescence of longan plant were found to be fasiculus, or paniculatus, which consisted of many cymes. They were mixed with leaves.The sequence of the development of different flower parts was centri petal; the sepals occurred first, followed by the petals, stamens and pistils, appearing from periphery to centre.That was somewhat different from previous research.Each small group of cymes had three flowers andthe central one opened first.The initial sepal was 2-2-1 in pattern.Its morphological mechanisms of the differentiation and development were also discussed.Some of the basic material applied here will be bene ficial for later researches in this field.
1988, 3(2): 72-78.
Abstract:
12 different varieties of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) were used to study the effects of some inner and outer regulating factors on their nitrate reductase activities (NRAs).According to the results,the ingredients of extract,centrifugal speed per hour, illumination, temperature, substrates and seedling age could influence the NRAs. Furthermore, the stability of determining the NRAs of kenaf varieties in vitro, their rate of attenuation, and their relation to the variety fertilizer tolerance were also studied. The preliminary results show as follows: (1) the discrepancy in regulating functions of the NRAs between the varieties can affect the synthesis of enzyme and its stability of regulating capacity; (2)the crude enzyme preserved under the conditions of different gradients of temperature still has the functions of continuing to regulate, transcribe and synthetize the nitrate reductase. The attenuation speed of the variety nitrate reductase in vitro becomes faster as the temperature ri-ses;(3) the correlation between the NRAs and the variety fertilizer tolerance of kenaf is negative.
12 different varieties of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) were used to study the effects of some inner and outer regulating factors on their nitrate reductase activities (NRAs).According to the results,the ingredients of extract,centrifugal speed per hour, illumination, temperature, substrates and seedling age could influence the NRAs. Furthermore, the stability of determining the NRAs of kenaf varieties in vitro, their rate of attenuation, and their relation to the variety fertilizer tolerance were also studied. The preliminary results show as follows: (1) the discrepancy in regulating functions of the NRAs between the varieties can affect the synthesis of enzyme and its stability of regulating capacity; (2)the crude enzyme preserved under the conditions of different gradients of temperature still has the functions of continuing to regulate, transcribe and synthetize the nitrate reductase. The attenuation speed of the variety nitrate reductase in vitro becomes faster as the temperature ri-ses;(3) the correlation between the NRAs and the variety fertilizer tolerance of kenaf is negative.
1988, 3(2): 79-82.
Abstract:
Vicia sativa L. is an important leguminous green manure plant. The results of the experiments indicated that lateral roots near the soil surface developed abundant nodules housing Rhizobium bacteria that fixed atmospheric nitrogen. The average fresh weight of nodules per plant was 22.3 grams. The nitrogen fixing activity reached a maximum in the branching stage and declined during the first flowering stage. The nitrogenase activity was particularly affected by high temperature. The results of the experiments showed that the activity varied little in the range of 0-25℃.The maximum activity was at 20℃.The activity was markedly reduced at 30℃ or -5℃. Approximately 47-124 kg of nitorgen per mu was fixed by nodulated Vicia sativa. L. during the growth period under the experimental condiditions.
Vicia sativa L. is an important leguminous green manure plant. The results of the experiments indicated that lateral roots near the soil surface developed abundant nodules housing Rhizobium bacteria that fixed atmospheric nitrogen. The average fresh weight of nodules per plant was 22.3 grams. The nitrogen fixing activity reached a maximum in the branching stage and declined during the first flowering stage. The nitrogenase activity was particularly affected by high temperature. The results of the experiments showed that the activity varied little in the range of 0-25℃.The maximum activity was at 20℃.The activity was markedly reduced at 30℃ or -5℃. Approximately 47-124 kg of nitorgen per mu was fixed by nodulated Vicia sativa. L. during the growth period under the experimental condiditions.
1988, 3(2): 83-86.
Abstract:
The relation between the frequency distribution of serum prealbumin phenotype and the egg-laying capacity has been determined by vertical poly-acrylamide-gel electrophoresis for different families of the putian black duck.The Putian black duck has five phenotypes of serum prealbumin:(1) Pal-1, with two prealbumin bands of similar thickness in electrophore-gram, one at the anode, the other at the albumin end; (2)Pa1-2, with one prealbumin band at the albumin and two bands at the anode end; (3) Pa2-1, with two prealbumin bands at the albumin and one band at the anode end;(4) Pa2-2,with two prealbumin bands at both albumin aad anode ends; and (5) Pa 0-1,with only one prealbumin band at the anode end.The frequency distribution of serum prealbumin phenotype is gradually concentrated on the phenotypes of Pal-1 and Pal-2 along with the increase of selective breeding degree. Whereas the original flock (group Ⅰ) has five phenotypes of serum prealbumin, its frequency distribution is dispersive. Pal-1 amounts to 35.42%, and the average egg-laying number per 300-day-old duck is 108.8 for this flock. After four generations of selective breeding, both the low-yielding family (group Ⅱ) and the high -yielding family (group Ⅲ)hare only three phenotypes. Their Pa 1-1 frequencies are 54.17 and 70.83%, coresponding to the average egg-laying numbers of 117.0 and 148.6 per 300-day-old duck and those of 233.88 and 271.56 per 500-day-old duck, respectively. Thus, a positive correlation between the egg-laying capacity and the frequency distribution of serum prealbumin phenotype of the Putian black duck has been established,that is, the average egg-laying number of the duck flock increases with the growing frequency of Pal-1.Therefore, the frequency distribution of serum prealbumin phentype provides a reliable index for early identifying fine families of duck.
The relation between the frequency distribution of serum prealbumin phenotype and the egg-laying capacity has been determined by vertical poly-acrylamide-gel electrophoresis for different families of the putian black duck.The Putian black duck has five phenotypes of serum prealbumin:(1) Pal-1, with two prealbumin bands of similar thickness in electrophore-gram, one at the anode, the other at the albumin end; (2)Pa1-2, with one prealbumin band at the albumin and two bands at the anode end; (3) Pa2-1, with two prealbumin bands at the albumin and one band at the anode end;(4) Pa2-2,with two prealbumin bands at both albumin aad anode ends; and (5) Pa 0-1,with only one prealbumin band at the anode end.The frequency distribution of serum prealbumin phenotype is gradually concentrated on the phenotypes of Pal-1 and Pal-2 along with the increase of selective breeding degree. Whereas the original flock (group Ⅰ) has five phenotypes of serum prealbumin, its frequency distribution is dispersive. Pal-1 amounts to 35.42%, and the average egg-laying number per 300-day-old duck is 108.8 for this flock. After four generations of selective breeding, both the low-yielding family (group Ⅱ) and the high -yielding family (group Ⅲ)hare only three phenotypes. Their Pa 1-1 frequencies are 54.17 and 70.83%, coresponding to the average egg-laying numbers of 117.0 and 148.6 per 300-day-old duck and those of 233.88 and 271.56 per 500-day-old duck, respectively. Thus, a positive correlation between the egg-laying capacity and the frequency distribution of serum prealbumin phenotype of the Putian black duck has been established,that is, the average egg-laying number of the duck flock increases with the growing frequency of Pal-1.Therefore, the frequency distribution of serum prealbumin phentype provides a reliable index for early identifying fine families of duck.
1988, 3(2): 87-91.
Abstract:
1988, 3(2): 92-94.
Abstract:
