1986 Vol. 1, No. 2
Display Method:
1986, 1(2): 1-7.
Abstract:
13 hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibody against Anabaena azollae have been established by fusion of SP2/0 myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/C mice immunized with Anabaena azollae. The chromosome numbers of the hybridoma cell lines range from 86 to 105, respectively. The antibodies from the culture medium have flourescencc antibody(FA)titers of up to 5-80, and those from mouse ascitic fluid have titers ranging from 102 to 105.Among the 13 monoclonal antibodies(McAbs), 11 McAbs react with all Anabaena azollae from seven species of Azolla. One(McAb-Cl6)reacts only with the symbionls from Euazolla, it did not react with that from Rhizosperma i. e., it is a subgroup-specific McAb. Another one(McAb-P2), which reacts only with the symbiont from A. pinnata, is a species-specific McAb.Two McAbs(Rl5 and P2)belong to IgG1 and IgG2a subclasses, respectively. The McAbs(Cl6, Me3,P1,P3,P6, R2 and R6)belong to IgG3 subclnss, and the remaining four McAbs(P5, R1, R8 and R9)belong to IgM subclass. All 13 McAbs did not react with free-living nitrogen fixing algae, Anabaena azotica and Tolypothrix tennis.The direct FA for Anabaena azollae was established with fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)labelled McAb-Cl6. The titer of McAb-Cl6 conjugated reached 1280, and the specific reaction was blocked by rabbit anti-Anabaena azollae serum.
13 hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibody against Anabaena azollae have been established by fusion of SP2/0 myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/C mice immunized with Anabaena azollae. The chromosome numbers of the hybridoma cell lines range from 86 to 105, respectively. The antibodies from the culture medium have flourescencc antibody(FA)titers of up to 5-80, and those from mouse ascitic fluid have titers ranging from 102 to 105.Among the 13 monoclonal antibodies(McAbs), 11 McAbs react with all Anabaena azollae from seven species of Azolla. One(McAb-Cl6)reacts only with the symbionls from Euazolla, it did not react with that from Rhizosperma i. e., it is a subgroup-specific McAb. Another one(McAb-P2), which reacts only with the symbiont from A. pinnata, is a species-specific McAb.Two McAbs(Rl5 and P2)belong to IgG1 and IgG2a subclasses, respectively. The McAbs(Cl6, Me3,P1,P3,P6, R2 and R6)belong to IgG3 subclnss, and the remaining four McAbs(P5, R1, R8 and R9)belong to IgM subclass. All 13 McAbs did not react with free-living nitrogen fixing algae, Anabaena azotica and Tolypothrix tennis.The direct FA for Anabaena azollae was established with fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)labelled McAb-Cl6. The titer of McAb-Cl6 conjugated reached 1280, and the specific reaction was blocked by rabbit anti-Anabaena azollae serum.
1986, 1(2): 8-15.
Abstract:
The low-yiedding factors of yellow paddy soil is shallow plough layer, bad plowing property, low nutrition and nutrive disturbance. The poor productivity of this soil is characterized to be nutrient slow-supply in rice early growing stage, lesser efficiency, low tillering capacity and smaller metabolic pool which could not congruent with rich metabolic source.As the results we studied in Fujian showed to combine the application of organic manure with other agronomic practice such as deep plonghing rationally, increasing potassium fertilizer and adjusting N.P.K. nutrient rate, reasonable application of microfertilizer, was the effective measure for the comprehensive improvement and utilization of yellow paddy soil.
The low-yiedding factors of yellow paddy soil is shallow plough layer, bad plowing property, low nutrition and nutrive disturbance. The poor productivity of this soil is characterized to be nutrient slow-supply in rice early growing stage, lesser efficiency, low tillering capacity and smaller metabolic pool which could not congruent with rich metabolic source.As the results we studied in Fujian showed to combine the application of organic manure with other agronomic practice such as deep plonghing rationally, increasing potassium fertilizer and adjusting N.P.K. nutrient rate, reasonable application of microfertilizer, was the effective measure for the comprehensive improvement and utilization of yellow paddy soil.
1986, 1(2): 16-22.
Abstract:
In order to breed the new male sterile line of wild rice with abortive pollen, four mordels for breeding maintainer line of male sterile were designed and carried out by us recently, i.e. maintainer crossed with maintainer; maintainer crossed with restoring variety with minor gene, maintainer crossed with restorer and maintainer crossed with hybrid rice(F1). The results indicated that some new maintainers which possess significant value were got in every combinition, and were reproduced and used in backcross with the old male sterile lines. At the same time, the materials of pollen fertility were examined under microscope and the data were calculated. The result also showed that the fertility and sterility were controlled by two pairs of genes and it was preliminary identified that the restoring ability between strong restoring genes and minor restoring genes were qualitative different.
In order to breed the new male sterile line of wild rice with abortive pollen, four mordels for breeding maintainer line of male sterile were designed and carried out by us recently, i.e. maintainer crossed with maintainer; maintainer crossed with restoring variety with minor gene, maintainer crossed with restorer and maintainer crossed with hybrid rice(F1). The results indicated that some new maintainers which possess significant value were got in every combinition, and were reproduced and used in backcross with the old male sterile lines. At the same time, the materials of pollen fertility were examined under microscope and the data were calculated. The result also showed that the fertility and sterility were controlled by two pairs of genes and it was preliminary identified that the restoring ability between strong restoring genes and minor restoring genes were qualitative different.
1986, 1(2): 23-31.
Abstract:
Factores causing admixture of hybrid rice were studied on three aspects in 1983-1985. Numbers of rusult proved that the main factor causing admixture of hybrid rice was not machanical admixture or biological admixture. Change of male sterile line in fertility was evidently the main factor causing admixture of hybrid rice.
Factores causing admixture of hybrid rice were studied on three aspects in 1983-1985. Numbers of rusult proved that the main factor causing admixture of hybrid rice was not machanical admixture or biological admixture. Change of male sterile line in fertility was evidently the main factor causing admixture of hybrid rice.
1986, 1(2): 32-38.
Abstract:
In the fall of 1978, a new variety, early rice 78130 was bred by crossing Shan You 2 with V20 through careful choice of four generations in succession. The entire growth period of the variety is 125-130 days in spring planting and 115 days in ’’Dao Zhong Chun"(i.e.summer planting with the seeds of spring planting). This variety of rice has fifteen main stalks per seedling. Its plant form is similar to that of Shan You 2, but its sword-leaves are short and straight. Its total efficient ears per mu(1/15 hectare)are 200,000-250,000. Each ear has 60-80 grains, and bearing ratio is stabilized above 90%. The thousand-grain weight is 27-28 gram, thus the yield is 400-500 kilogram per mu and the highest yield may be even 500 kilogram per mu. The early rice 78130 is hardness and flood-tolerant, and has a good adaptability to wind and rain during the earing and flowering stages.It is highly blast-resistant,bacterial leaf bligh-tresistant and rice false smut resistant simultaneously. The roots and leaves of the variety don’t decline earlier than usual at late stage. It has wide-adaptability. The seeds are plump and rice quality is better than the average.In three years, 1983-1985, the total sown area in Fujian Provice accounts for approximately 2.6 million mu. If the yield is at least increased twenty-five kilogram per mu, the total yield increased is sixty-five million kilogram. As a result of popularizing 2.6 million mu of the variety 78130, its social benefit including the increment of the grain, the raise of the price of the seed, and saving of labor and material of protection from diseases can reach 20 million yuan in three years. Fujian Provincial Variety Identifying Committee of Farm Crops has already identified it to be one of the improved popular varieties of the early rice through out the province. Fujian’s sown area may reach 2.5 million mu in 1986.
In the fall of 1978, a new variety, early rice 78130 was bred by crossing Shan You 2 with V20 through careful choice of four generations in succession. The entire growth period of the variety is 125-130 days in spring planting and 115 days in ’’Dao Zhong Chun"(i.e.summer planting with the seeds of spring planting). This variety of rice has fifteen main stalks per seedling. Its plant form is similar to that of Shan You 2, but its sword-leaves are short and straight. Its total efficient ears per mu(1/15 hectare)are 200,000-250,000. Each ear has 60-80 grains, and bearing ratio is stabilized above 90%. The thousand-grain weight is 27-28 gram, thus the yield is 400-500 kilogram per mu and the highest yield may be even 500 kilogram per mu. The early rice 78130 is hardness and flood-tolerant, and has a good adaptability to wind and rain during the earing and flowering stages.It is highly blast-resistant,bacterial leaf bligh-tresistant and rice false smut resistant simultaneously. The roots and leaves of the variety don’t decline earlier than usual at late stage. It has wide-adaptability. The seeds are plump and rice quality is better than the average.In three years, 1983-1985, the total sown area in Fujian Provice accounts for approximately 2.6 million mu. If the yield is at least increased twenty-five kilogram per mu, the total yield increased is sixty-five million kilogram. As a result of popularizing 2.6 million mu of the variety 78130, its social benefit including the increment of the grain, the raise of the price of the seed, and saving of labor and material of protection from diseases can reach 20 million yuan in three years. Fujian Provincial Variety Identifying Committee of Farm Crops has already identified it to be one of the improved popular varieties of the early rice through out the province. Fujian’s sown area may reach 2.5 million mu in 1986.
1986, 1(2): 39-47.
Abstract:
Agronomic characters genotypes for 18-commercial varieties were analysed during the last decade in Fujian.The result indicated that most of them succeeded the descent of variety "Ai-Zi-Zhan" and its derivative varieties such as "Zhen-Zhu-Ai", "Zhen Shan" and "Zhen-long 410". Therefore, their yield potential and resistance to blast are evidently increased.In future, it is necessary to continue the development of the superior genetics of "Ai-Zi-Zhan" and to transfer some available hetero-gereous and wild rice genes into new strains(or breeding lines)for further progress.The innovations on rice breeding techniques are as follows: 1.Selecting donor parents making hybridization combinations, and utilizing the doner parents, the cultivars insensitive to temperature and photoperiod, and other special breeding lines. 2. Treating the hybridi-zation generations, such as selecting the individual plant from F1, F2…, screening those plants with different resistibility. 3. Application of the method of recurrent breeding.
Agronomic characters genotypes for 18-commercial varieties were analysed during the last decade in Fujian.The result indicated that most of them succeeded the descent of variety "Ai-Zi-Zhan" and its derivative varieties such as "Zhen-Zhu-Ai", "Zhen Shan" and "Zhen-long 410". Therefore, their yield potential and resistance to blast are evidently increased.In future, it is necessary to continue the development of the superior genetics of "Ai-Zi-Zhan" and to transfer some available hetero-gereous and wild rice genes into new strains(or breeding lines)for further progress.The innovations on rice breeding techniques are as follows: 1.Selecting donor parents making hybridization combinations, and utilizing the doner parents, the cultivars insensitive to temperature and photoperiod, and other special breeding lines. 2. Treating the hybridi-zation generations, such as selecting the individual plant from F1, F2…, screening those plants with different resistibility. 3. Application of the method of recurrent breeding.
1986, 1(2): 48-54.
Abstract:
During 1980-1984, two hundred and ninetyeight strains of rice bacterial leaf blight(Xanthomonas campestris pv oryzae)were collected from 56 counties and were tested for pathogenicity in Fujian. According to the intensity of virulence, they were divided into four groups: I. II. III and IV, while 298 strains were inoculated onb differential varieties of rice. So far the reactions between pathogen and host showed that the quantitative differences were attended. No specificity was found. The tendency of strains distribution in Fujian showed that strong strains were in the coastal plains and weak strains were in the mountainous area. Some rice varieties. from home and abroad were tested for resistance by using 13 strains of II-IV groups. Fifteen varieties were showed higher resistance. In Fujian most of early and late rice varieties were susceptible or mid-resistance after tested, But the variety, 74-105, was higher resistant and durable to flooding in paddy fields than others. Therefore it was planted along river side where floods often took place. Weiyou No. 6,Weiyou No. 30,and Siyou No. 30 of hybrid rice were better resistant combinations which had been released in Fujian.
During 1980-1984, two hundred and ninetyeight strains of rice bacterial leaf blight(Xanthomonas campestris pv oryzae)were collected from 56 counties and were tested for pathogenicity in Fujian. According to the intensity of virulence, they were divided into four groups: I. II. III and IV, while 298 strains were inoculated onb differential varieties of rice. So far the reactions between pathogen and host showed that the quantitative differences were attended. No specificity was found. The tendency of strains distribution in Fujian showed that strong strains were in the coastal plains and weak strains were in the mountainous area. Some rice varieties. from home and abroad were tested for resistance by using 13 strains of II-IV groups. Fifteen varieties were showed higher resistance. In Fujian most of early and late rice varieties were susceptible or mid-resistance after tested, But the variety, 74-105, was higher resistant and durable to flooding in paddy fields than others. Therefore it was planted along river side where floods often took place. Weiyou No. 6,Weiyou No. 30,and Siyou No. 30 of hybrid rice were better resistant combinations which had been released in Fujian.
1986, 1(2): 55-66.
Abstract:
A reproducible enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)using Marek’s disease virus(MDV)-infected cells for the detection of antibodies to MDV is described.The optimum number of MDV-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts(CEF)was 5 × 104/well,and test sera were positive at 1:400 dilutions.Compared with a purified virus preparation, MDV-infected CEF produced high specific and low nonspecific reactivities. wells coated with whole cells could be stored at 4 ℃ or-20℃ for at least 3 months without loss of reactivity, with antibody-negative sera, the cutoff absorbancy was 0.20 units.The ELISA was 20-to-40-fold more sensitive than indirect immunofluorescence.Homologous combinations of antisera in wells coated with CEF infected with different MDV serotypes were more reactive at higher dilutions than that were heterologous combinal ions. The procedure described is specific and suitable for large-scale screening of both chicken and monoclonal antibodies against MDV.
A reproducible enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)using Marek’s disease virus(MDV)-infected cells for the detection of antibodies to MDV is described.The optimum number of MDV-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts(CEF)was 5 × 104/well,and test sera were positive at 1:400 dilutions.Compared with a purified virus preparation, MDV-infected CEF produced high specific and low nonspecific reactivities. wells coated with whole cells could be stored at 4 ℃ or-20℃ for at least 3 months without loss of reactivity, with antibody-negative sera, the cutoff absorbancy was 0.20 units.The ELISA was 20-to-40-fold more sensitive than indirect immunofluorescence.Homologous combinations of antisera in wells coated with CEF infected with different MDV serotypes were more reactive at higher dilutions than that were heterologous combinal ions. The procedure described is specific and suitable for large-scale screening of both chicken and monoclonal antibodies against MDV.
1986, 1(2): 67-75.
Abstract:
The integrated disease management of practicing severe quarantine, cultivating disease-free nursery tree,eradicating diseased plants and killing vectors is the effective measure to control citrus yellow shoot disease and other virus diseases. Planting disease-free nursery tree is the key of control measures, because it can prevent the citrus tree in new areas from yellow shoot disease and reduce or eradicate infection centre in the new citrus orchards of the old diseased areas.From spring of 1978, we began the research work on establishing disease-free mother trees and nursery trees in a well isolated place in Min-Hou county of Fujian province. Parent source trees were selected from various citrus areas in Fujian. Most parent source trees were chosen for true-to-type,good fruit production and very healthy in appearance. The budsticks taken from each parent source tree were treated by hot-moist air, antibiotic and tip-stem micrograft for an attempt to eradicate yellow shoot pathogen and other virus carried. The treated bud was grafted on the rootstock grown from seed which was disinfected by hot water treatment for propagating mother tree candidates. The mother tree candidates were indexed by three ways of electron microscope exam i nation,biological test and serological test for detection of virus and virus-like pathogen, such as yellow shoot procaryote, tristeza virus and exocortis virosis which have been known in China. Buds were taken from these disease-free mother trees in the following year for propagating disease-free nursery trees by grafting them on rootstocks growing from hot water treated seeds(see Fig.1). By the spring of 1983, 11 of 19 parent source trees, namely sweet orange CV. Snow, sweet orange CV. Tai 1, sweet orange CV. Shenghui, sweet orange CV. Liu, sweet orange CV. Shu llou, mandarin CV. Bei-keng 2,mandarin CV. Bei-Lan, mandarin CV. Tai 1, Ponkan CV. Tin-Ma, ponkan CV. Nan-Jen and Tankan, were chosen and used as disease-free mother trees, and planted in the mother tree foundation in Min-Hou county. When the inspections were made cut on the occurrence of diseases after 2-3 years, none of 3897 mother trees showed yellow shoot disease and other abnormities. In 1984, cooperated with Fujian Agricultural Bureau, we set up other three disease-free mother tree foundations in Chang-Tai county, Yong-Chun county and San-Min county. During this period, 20,000 nursery trees were propagated and sold to various villages and national citrus farms. Those orchards planted with such nursery trees are free from yellow shoot disease,but some of them planted with other nursery trees together were soon infected by Canker disease. The results show that it is possibility to establish mother tree foundation free of yellow shoot disease and other virus diseases above mentioned for propagating disease-free nursery trees in the well isolated localities by methods.
The integrated disease management of practicing severe quarantine, cultivating disease-free nursery tree,eradicating diseased plants and killing vectors is the effective measure to control citrus yellow shoot disease and other virus diseases. Planting disease-free nursery tree is the key of control measures, because it can prevent the citrus tree in new areas from yellow shoot disease and reduce or eradicate infection centre in the new citrus orchards of the old diseased areas.From spring of 1978, we began the research work on establishing disease-free mother trees and nursery trees in a well isolated place in Min-Hou county of Fujian province. Parent source trees were selected from various citrus areas in Fujian. Most parent source trees were chosen for true-to-type,good fruit production and very healthy in appearance. The budsticks taken from each parent source tree were treated by hot-moist air, antibiotic and tip-stem micrograft for an attempt to eradicate yellow shoot pathogen and other virus carried. The treated bud was grafted on the rootstock grown from seed which was disinfected by hot water treatment for propagating mother tree candidates. The mother tree candidates were indexed by three ways of electron microscope exam i nation,biological test and serological test for detection of virus and virus-like pathogen, such as yellow shoot procaryote, tristeza virus and exocortis virosis which have been known in China. Buds were taken from these disease-free mother trees in the following year for propagating disease-free nursery trees by grafting them on rootstocks growing from hot water treated seeds(see Fig.1). By the spring of 1983, 11 of 19 parent source trees, namely sweet orange CV. Snow, sweet orange CV. Tai 1, sweet orange CV. Shenghui, sweet orange CV. Liu, sweet orange CV. Shu llou, mandarin CV. Bei-keng 2,mandarin CV. Bei-Lan, mandarin CV. Tai 1, Ponkan CV. Tin-Ma, ponkan CV. Nan-Jen and Tankan, were chosen and used as disease-free mother trees, and planted in the mother tree foundation in Min-Hou county. When the inspections were made cut on the occurrence of diseases after 2-3 years, none of 3897 mother trees showed yellow shoot disease and other abnormities. In 1984, cooperated with Fujian Agricultural Bureau, we set up other three disease-free mother tree foundations in Chang-Tai county, Yong-Chun county and San-Min county. During this period, 20,000 nursery trees were propagated and sold to various villages and national citrus farms. Those orchards planted with such nursery trees are free from yellow shoot disease,but some of them planted with other nursery trees together were soon infected by Canker disease. The results show that it is possibility to establish mother tree foundation free of yellow shoot disease and other virus diseases above mentioned for propagating disease-free nursery trees in the well isolated localities by methods.
1986, 1(2): 76-88.
Abstract:
In China, Tea tree species can be divided into 3 types: arbor,sub-arbor and bush-type, according to the tree shape. Also they can be divided into other 3 groups:large leaf, medium leaf and small leaf. Among present cultivars, the medium leaf bush-type is the most, large leaf sub-arbor type is the second and large leaf arbor type is the third.The wild tea tree is distributed in 97-122° E longitude and 18-31°N latitude but most of them are distributed in 22-29°N latitude.Its minimum growth temperature is 3.2-7.8℃. The cultivated large leaf arbor type is mainly distributed in the south of 25°N longitude.Its minimum growth temperature is 4.2-5.1℃. The medium and small leaf arbor type is widely distributed even in 37°N longitude,they can subsist at-18.6℃.The large leaf sub-arbor type is mainly distributed in the south of 30°N longitude, its minimum growth temperature is-8-10℃. Now the trend of leaf yield of different species is: large leaf arbor typelarge leaf sub-arbor typemedium or large leaf bush type.The temperatures of starting sprouting of different species are. extra early sprouting species ≥8℃, early sprouting≥10℃, medium sprouting species≥12℃ and late sprouting species≥14℃.Author suggests that the local point of tea tree species for future developing and utilizing is large leaf arbor and sub-arbor type and the new plantations must be extended in south China.
In China, Tea tree species can be divided into 3 types: arbor,sub-arbor and bush-type, according to the tree shape. Also they can be divided into other 3 groups:large leaf, medium leaf and small leaf. Among present cultivars, the medium leaf bush-type is the most, large leaf sub-arbor type is the second and large leaf arbor type is the third.The wild tea tree is distributed in 97-122° E longitude and 18-31°N latitude but most of them are distributed in 22-29°N latitude.Its minimum growth temperature is 3.2-7.8℃. The cultivated large leaf arbor type is mainly distributed in the south of 25°N longitude.Its minimum growth temperature is 4.2-5.1℃. The medium and small leaf arbor type is widely distributed even in 37°N longitude,they can subsist at-18.6℃.The large leaf sub-arbor type is mainly distributed in the south of 30°N longitude, its minimum growth temperature is-8-10℃. Now the trend of leaf yield of different species is: large leaf arbor typelarge leaf sub-arbor typemedium or large leaf bush type.The temperatures of starting sprouting of different species are. extra early sprouting species ≥8℃, early sprouting≥10℃, medium sprouting species≥12℃ and late sprouting species≥14℃.Author suggests that the local point of tea tree species for future developing and utilizing is large leaf arbor and sub-arbor type and the new plantations must be extended in south China.
1986, 1(2): 89-94.
Abstract:
The promotive effects of abscisic acid on bud formation of common freesia callus were studied. The results are summarized as follows:1.The floral envelope was cultured on MS medium supplemented with BA 1 mg/1 and NAA 0,1 mg/1, The frequency of culli induction and bud formation were a little. But the floral axis of the common freesia cultured on MS medium added with IBA, IBA greatly stimulated root formation in the concentration of 0.5-2 mg/1.2.When MS medium added with BA 0.1 mg/1 and 2,4-D 0.1 mg/1, the activated carbon played an important role, as to promote the culli induction and bud formation. The optimum concentration of the activated carbon was 0.8%.3.Abscisis acid is obviously beneficial to promote the bud strong in the concentration of 5 mg/1.
The promotive effects of abscisic acid on bud formation of common freesia callus were studied. The results are summarized as follows:1.The floral envelope was cultured on MS medium supplemented with BA 1 mg/1 and NAA 0,1 mg/1, The frequency of culli induction and bud formation were a little. But the floral axis of the common freesia cultured on MS medium added with IBA, IBA greatly stimulated root formation in the concentration of 0.5-2 mg/1.2.When MS medium added with BA 0.1 mg/1 and 2,4-D 0.1 mg/1, the activated carbon played an important role, as to promote the culli induction and bud formation. The optimum concentration of the activated carbon was 0.8%.3.Abscisis acid is obviously beneficial to promote the bud strong in the concentration of 5 mg/1.
1986, 1(2): 95-97.
Abstract:
1986, 1(2): 98-101.
Abstract:
