烤烟-水稻-紫云英轮作对土壤理化性质及微生物群落的影响

吴天翊; 顾钢; 张炳辉; 张宗平; 池国胜; 汪睿琪; 李彤; 陈瑞; 谢小芳

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.08.012

烤烟-水稻-紫云英轮作对土壤理化性质及微生物群落的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.08.012

吴天翊^1,,
顾钢²,
张炳辉²,
张宗平³,
池国胜³,
汪睿琪¹,
李彤¹,
陈瑞¹,
谢小芳^{1, 4, ,}

1.
福建农林大学生命科学学院，福建　福州　350002
2.
福建省烟草专卖局烟草科学研究所，福建　福州　350003
3.
南平市烟草公司光泽县分公司，福建　南平　353000
4.
福建省作物设计育种重点实验室，福建　福州　350002

基金项目: 中国烟草总公司科技计划项目[110202201028 (LS-12)]

详细信息

作者简介:
吴天翊（2001 — ），女，硕士研究生，主要从事生物与医药研究，E-mail： 1139964387@qq.com

通讯作者:
谢小芳（1978 — ），女，博士，副教授，主要从事植物遗传学与基因组学研究，E-mail：xxf317@fafu.edu.cn

中图分类号: S158
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-03-19
- 修回日期: 2024-05-16
- 网络出版日期: 2024-11-13
- 刊出日期: 2024-08-28

Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Community of Soil and Crop Yield under Rice-Tobacco-Milk Vetch Rotation Cropping

1.
College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
2.
Institute of Tobacco Science, Fujian Provincial Tobacco Monopoly Bureau, Fuzhou, Fujian　350003, China
3.
Guangze Branch of Nanping Tobacco Company, Nanping, Fujian　353000, China
4.
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Design and Breeding, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究烤烟-水稻-紫云英轮作模式下土壤理化性质和微生物群落结构组成变化，揭示紫云英对土壤肥力和微生物群落的影响，为紫云英的合理利用提供科学依据。方法选取烤烟-水稻-紫云英3种植物连续轮作5年的田块土壤为处理样品，以烤烟-水稻2种作物轮作的田块土壤为对照；利用分光光度法测定土壤的常规理化性质，采用宏基因组测序等方法测定土壤微生物群落结构变化及功能预测分析。结果在烤烟-水稻-紫云英轮作模式下，土壤有机质、全氮、全钾含量略上升，全磷含量变化不显著，速效氮、速效磷的含量显著增加，但速效钾含量明显减少；2023年烤烟、水稻年产量分别提高2.74%、4.67%；土壤微生物群落多样性明显提高，主要微生物为细菌界的变形菌门、硝化螺旋菌门和酸杆菌门微生物，与对照组相比，三者相对丰度分别上调8.67%、上调3.10%和下降11.57%；土壤微生物功能主要富集在碳水化合物代谢、能量代谢和氨基酸代谢3个通路中。结论烤烟-水稻-紫云英轮作方式改善土壤的理化性质，提高作物产量，明确了轮作紫云英对土壤微生物物种丰富度和群落组成分布影响及其参与的主要代谢通路，为紫云英对土壤肥力和微生物群落影响的机制研究提供依据。
- 紫云英 /
- 轮作 /
- 微生物 /
- 宏基因组 /
- 土壤理化性质
Abstract: Objective Regulatory functions of milk vetch on soil fertility and microbial communities were studied to determine the potential of incorporating the shrub plant in rotation cropping with tobacco and rice for further land use improvement. Method Soil samples were collected from a field practicing tobacco-rice-milk vetch rotation cropping for 5 years and one of tobacco-rice as control. Physicochemical analysis on the soil using spectrophotometry and metagenomic sequencing on the microbial community were conducted. Result With milk vetch added to the tobacco-rice rotation cropping, the field soil increased significantly on the available nitrogen and phosphorus, rose slightly on the organic matter, total nitrogen, and total potassium, maintained a same level of total phosphorus, and reduced significantly on the available potassium. The yield of tobacco rose 2.74% and that of rice 4.67% in 2023. And the microbial diversity became significantly enriched by 8.67% and 3.10% but declined by 11.57% over control on the dominant kingdoms of Proteobacteria, Nitrospira, and Acidobacteria, respectively. The microbes in the soil were largely associated with carbohydrate, energy, and amino acid metabolisms. Conclusion By incorporating milk vetch in the rotation cropping of tobacco and rice, aside from the increased yields on the crops, the physiochemical properties of field soil were significantly improved as well.
- Milk vetch /
- rotation cropping /
- microorganisms /
- metagenomic /
- soil physicochemical properties

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图 1 土壤样品在细菌界物种的相对丰度

(a) 门水平的物种相对丰度； (b) 属水平的物种相对丰度。

Figure 1. Relative abundance of microbes in soils

(a) relative abundance of species at the phylum level and (b) relative abundance of species at the genus level.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 土壤样品在古菌界的物种相对丰度

(a) 门水平上的物种相对丰度；(b) 属水平上的物种相对丰度。

Figure 2. Relative abundance of archaea in soils

(a) relative abundance of species at the phylum level and (b) relative abundance of species at the genus level.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 KEGG功能预测

Figure 3. KEGG prediction on functions

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 2019—2023年试验田轮作方式

Table 1. Rotation cropping practiced at experimentation field from 2019 to 2023

年份 Year	ZY组 ZY Group	ZYCK组 ZYCK Group
2019	烤烟-水稻-紫云英	烤烟-水稻-休耕
2020	水稻-紫云英	水稻-休耕
2021	烤烟-水稻-紫云英	烤烟-水稻-休耕
2022	水稻-紫云英	水稻-休耕
2023	烤烟-水稻-紫云英	烤烟-水稻-休耕

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表 2 土壤理化性质检测结果

Table 2. Physicochemical properties of soil

组别 Group	pH值 pH value	有机质 Organic matter/ (g·kg⁻¹)	全氮 Total nitrogen/ (g·kg⁻¹)	全磷 Total phosphorus/ (g·kg⁻¹)	全钾 Total potassium/ (g·kg⁻¹)	速效氮 Available nitrogen/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	速效磷 Available phosphorus/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	速效钾 Available potassium/ (mg·kg⁻¹)
ZY	5.85±0.01b	49.14±0.45a	2.77±0.04a	0.49±0.05b	13.80±1.09a	196.33±2.55a	23.80±1.03a	23.80±1.03a
ZYCK	5.98±0.07a	43.87±0.72b	2.43±0.04b	0.52±0.04a	11.48±0.97b	177.89±1.48b	18.69±1.29b	18.69±1.29b
同列数据后不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。 Data with different lowercase letters on same column indicate significant differences at P＜0.05.

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表 3 2023年作物产量对比

Table 3. Yields of crops in 2023

轮作模式 Crop Rotation Pattern	烤烟（K326） Tobacco（K326）				水稻（甬优1540） Rice（YongYou1540）
轮作模式 Crop Rotation Pattern	产量 Yield /（kg·hm⁻²）	增产率 Production increase ratio/%	化肥配施 Fertilizer dosage/ （kg ·hm⁻²）	减施率 Reduction rate/%	产量 Yield /（kg·hm⁻²）	增产率 Production increase ratio/%	化肥配施 Fertilizer dosage/ （kg ·hm⁻²）	减施率 Reduction rate/%
烤烟-水稻-紫云英 Tobacco-Rice-Milk vetch	9.00±0.18a	2.74	4	0	43.68±0.91a	4.67	4	14.35
烤烟-水稻 Tobacco-Rice	8.76±0.15b	—	4	—	41.73±0.47b	—	4.67	—
表中每公顷作物产量为三组烟农（稻农）共60户收获作物产量的平均值。同列数据后不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（ P ＜0.05）。 Crop yield per hectare is averaged harvest of 3 tobacco/rice farmer groups of 60 households. Data with different lowercase letters on same column indicate significant differences at P ＜0.05.

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表 4 组装及基因预测结果

Table 4. Assembly and gene predictions

样品编号 Sample number	读段 Clean reads/bp	contigs总数 Total contigs/个	contigs总长 Contigs total length/bp	contigs平均长度 Contigs average length/bp	N50/bp	开放阅读框ORF
ZY1	41 140 450	53 533	37 145 783	693.9	653.0	71 335
ZY2	42 103 566	64 213	45 184 155	703.7	664.0	86 224
ZY3	40 249 302	61 491	43 430 673	706.3	664.0	82 535
ZYCK1	43 096 370	83 046	70 399 309	847.7	761.0	123 983
ZYCK2	39 600 220	51 862	43 618 116	841.0	765.0	76 974
ZYCK3	44 321 698	85 949	71 272 981	829.2	744.0	127 232

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表 5 样品的物种丰度统计

Table 5. Statistics on microbial abundance of soils

样品编号 Sample number	细菌 Bacteria/%	古菌 Archaea/%	真核生物 Eukaryotes/%	病毒 Viruses/%	未知物种 Unknown species/%
ZY1	98.95	1.01	0.01	0.02	0.01
ZY2	99.02	0.95	0.01	0.02	0.01
ZY3	99.02	0.96	0.01	0.01	0.01
ZYCK1	99.39	0.58	0.01	0.01	0.01
ZYCK2	99.10	0.88	0.01	0.01	0.01
ZYCK3	99.13	0.84	0.01	0.02	0.01

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表 6 土壤Alpha多样性分析结果

Table 6. Alpha diversity of soil

组别 Group	香农指数 Shannon	辛普森指数 Simpson	inv-辛普森指数 Inv-Simpson
ZY1	5.105	0.929	13.996
ZY2	5.143	0.931	14.586
ZY3	5.089	0.928	13.980
ZYCK1	4.346	0.857	6.974
ZYCK2	4.473	0.874	7.911
ZYCK3	4.350	0.854	6.841

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表 7 作物产量与微生物及土壤理化性状的相关系数

Table 7. Pearson correlation coefficients on crop yield, microbes, and soil physicochemical properties

菌种/参数 Strain/Parameters	pH值 pH value	有机质 Organic matter	全氮 Total nitrogen	全磷 Total phosphorus	全钾 Total potassium	速效氮 Available nitrogen	速效磷 Available phosphorus	速效钾 Available potassium
水稻产量 Rice yield	0.9556	−0.9999*	0.6219	−0.3675	−0.3428	−0.7555	−0.9528	0.9746
烟草产量 Tobacco yield	0.8665	−0.9784	0.7799	−0.5645	−0.5425	−0.5916	−0.9964	1.0000**
变形菌门 Proteobacteria	−0.9995*	0.9602	−0.3923	0.1081	0.0818	0.9020	0.8385	−0.8805
酸杆菌门 Acidobacteria	0.9545	−0.8156	0.0691	0.2237	0.2494	−0.9937	−0.6135	0.6765
硝化菌门 Nitrospirae	0.3692	−0.6384	1.0000**	−0.9550	−0.9469	0.0369	−0.8337	0.7853
酸杆菌属 Acidobacterium	0.9545	−0.8529	0.1365	0.1572	0.1832	−0.9838	−0.6656	0.7249
Pseudolabrys	−0.4764	0.1812	0.6460	−0.8399	−0.8540	0.7905	−0.1108	0.0284
硝化螺旋菌属 Nitrospirae	0.2865	−0.5686	0.9967*	−0.9773	−0.9714	0.1243	−0.7821	0.7281

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