套袋对浙梨6号果实外观和内在品质的影响

曾少敏; 陈小明; 黄保平; 黄新忠; 姜翠翠

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.08.010

套袋对浙梨6号果实外观和内在品质的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.08.010

曾少敏^{1, 2,},
陈小明^{1, 2},
黄保平³,
黄新忠^{1, 2},
姜翠翠^{1, 2, ,}

1.
福建省农业科学院果树研究所，福建　福州 350013
2.
福建省落叶果树工程技术研究中心，福建　福州 350013
3.
建宁县经济作物技术推广站，福建　建宁 354500

基金项目: 福建省科技计划公益类专项（2020R10280015）；福建省农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目（XTCXGC2021006）；泉州市科技计划项目（2022N028）；福建省种业创新与产业化工程项目（zycxny2021010）

详细信息

作者简介:
曾少敏（1987 —），男，硕士，助理研究员，主要从事果树育种与栽培技术研究，E-mail：zengshaomin1@163.com

通讯作者:
姜翠翠（1982 —），女，博士，副研究员，主要从事果树育种和栽培技术研究，E-mail：cuiliao2046@163.com

中图分类号: S661.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-05-24
- 修回日期: 2024-07-05
- 网络出版日期: 2024-11-13
- 刊出日期: 2024-08-28

Appearance and Quality of Zheli No. 6 Pears Affected by Bagging

ZENG Shaomin^{1, 2
,},
CHEN Xiaoming^{1, 2},
HUANG Baoping³,
HUANG Xinzhong^{1, 2},
JIANG Cuicui^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350013, China
2.
Research Centre for Engineering Technology of Fujian Deciduous Fruits, Fuzhou, Fujian　350013, China
3.
Jianning County Economic Crop Technology Extension Station, Jianning, Fujian　354500, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究不同套袋处理对浙梨6号果实外观和内在品质性状的影响，为改善浙梨6号综合品质、提升果品价值提供参考。方法以浙梨6号为试材，设置不同果袋、不同套袋方式和不同时期套袋处理，以果实不套袋为对照，测定成熟期果实的外观和内在品质的变化情况。结果不同果袋处理果面亮度均显著高于对照（P ＜ 0.05）；套白色单层大袋果实果锈指数显著低于对照（P ＜ 0.05），可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖含量和甜度值与对照无显著差异。二次套袋果实果锈指数显著低于对照和一次套袋，可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、可滴定酸和维生素C（Vitamin C, VC）含量与对照无显著差异，果糖、葡萄糖含量和甜度值显著高于对照和一次套袋（P ＜ 0.05）。盛花后10、20、30 d套袋，黄绿果较多（≥50%），果锈指数较低（0.471～0.600），果点直径和密度显著低于对照，而盛花后60 d套袋，全锈果较多（72.5%）；除盛花后10 d处理外，各时期套袋果实可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、可滴定酸和VC含量均与对照无显著差异。结论套白色单层大袋对浙梨6号果实外观品质改善效果显著，同时采用“白色小蜡袋+白色单层大袋”的二次套袋方式，盛花后10～30 d为生产黄绿色果品的防锈套袋适宜期，盛花后60 d为生产全锈褐皮果品的不防锈套袋适宜期，套袋对果实内在品质无显著负面影响。
- 梨 /
- 浙梨6号 /
- 套袋 /
- 果实品质
Abstract: Objective Improvements on the appearance and fruit quality of Zheli No. 6 pear by bagging were studied. Method Zheli No. 6 pear s on the trees were covered once or twice with a variety of pouches at different times of the fruit development in a field experiment. Appearance and eating quality of the mature pears were monitored. Result The bagged fruits were significantly brighter and more shiny than the counterparts without covering (P＜0.05). The pears matured in the white single-layer large pouches had significantly lower fruit rust index (FRI) than control (P＜0.05) but no significant differences on the contents of soluble solids, total soluble sugar, and sweetness. Those being bagged twice were significantly lower on FRI than control or those being bagged only once. Nor did they differ significantly from control on the contents of soluble solids, total soluble sugar, titratable acid, and VC, but contained significantly more fructose and glucose than control or those were bagged a single time (P＜0.05). When the bagging was held 10d, 20d, and 30d after full bloom, equal to or more than half of the resulting fruits were yellowish green with few rusty streaks and spots having an FRI of 0.471-0.600 and low on latitudinal measurements and flesh density. Bagging 60d after full bloom produced 72.5% of the fruits with fully rusty-appearing peels. And, except for those bagged 10d after full bloom, no bagged pears significantly differed from control on the contents of soluble solids, total soluble sugar, titratable acid, and VC. Conclusion Bagging Zheli No. 6 pears on the tree with the white single-layer large pouches significantly affected the appearance of the matured fruits. Using the white small wax pouch in 10-30d after full bloom followed by the white single-layer large pouch for the bagging fostered bearing of yellowish green fruits. Whereas the non-rust-proof pouches for bagging once in 60d after full bloom encouraged formation of a fully rust, brown peel. Meanwhile, the appealing eating quality of Zheli No. 6 pears would basically be intact under the bagging treatments.
- Pear /
- Zheli No. 6 /
- bagging /
- fruit quality

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图 1 不同果袋、套袋方式浙梨6号成熟果实外观

A：不套袋果实（CK）；B：白色单层大袋果实；C：黄色单层袋果实；D：外黄内白双层袋果实；E：外黄内黑双层袋果实；F：二次套袋果实。

Figure 1. Mature Zheli No. 6 pears bagged in different pouches once or twice

A: bare fruit（CK) ；B: fruit bagged in white single-layer large pouch；C: fruit bagged in yellow single-layer pouch；D: fruit bagged in outer-yellow-inner-white double-layer pouch；E: fruit bagged in outer-yellow-inner-black double-layer pouch；F: fruit bagged twice.

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图 2 不同外观类型浙梨6号的成熟果实

A：黄绿果； B：花脸果； C：全锈果。

Figure 2. Different appearance types of matured Zheli No. 6 pears

A: yellowish green fruit; B: dapple fruit; C: full-rust fruit.

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图 3 不同时期套袋浙梨6号梨果实中不同外观类型占比

不同小写同字母表示差异显著（P ＜ 0.05）。

Figure 3. Proportion of different types of Zheli No. 6 pears bagged at different times

Data with different letters indicate significant differences at P＜0.05.

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表 1 不同果袋处理浙梨6号果实的外观品质

Table 1. Appearance of Zheli No. 6 pears bagged in different pouches

处理 Treatment	L	a	b	果皮色泽 Fruit peel color	果点 Dot	果面光滑度 Degree of fruit skin smoothness	果锈指数 Fruit rust index	果锈位置 Rust location		单果质量 Weight per fruit/g	果形指数 Fruit shape index
处理 Treatment	L	a	b	果皮色泽 Fruit peel color	果点 Dot	果面光滑度 Degree of fruit skin smoothness	果锈指数 Fruit rust index	萼端 Calyx end/%	全果 Whole fruit/%	单果质量 Weight per fruit/g	果形指数 Fruit shape index
Ⅰ	63.42bc	−6.29c	36.23a	黄绿	小、密	光滑	0.743b	55	45	820.55a	0.89a
Ⅱ	62.06c	−6.44c	36.55a	黄绿	中、密	光滑	0.929a	0	100	733.16a	0.90a
Ⅲ	65.19b	−7.32c	35.54a	黄绿	小、密	光滑	0.943a	0	100	729.30a	0.91a
Ⅳ	73.63a	6.95a	28.79c	黄白	小、密	光滑	0.971a	0	100	742.68a	0.93a
CK	56.51d	−0.16b	33.20b	绿褐相间	大、密	中等	1.000a	0	100	753.53a	0.89a
同一列的不同字母表示经LSD多重比较差异显著（P ＜ 0.05）。下同。 Data with different letters on same column indicate significant differences at P＜0.05 (ANOVA Fisher’s LSD test). Same for below.

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表 2 不同果袋处理浙梨6号果实的内在品质

Table 2. Eating quality of Zheli No. 6 pears bagged in different pouches

处理 Treatment	可溶性固形物 Total soluble solids/%	可溶性总糖 Total soluble sugar/(mg·g⁻¹)	可滴定酸 Titratable acid/%	维生素C Vitamin C/ (mg·g⁻¹)	糖酸比 Ratio of soluble sugar and titratable acid	甜度值 Sweetness value	蔗糖 Sucrose/ (mg·g⁻¹)	葡萄糖 Glucose/ (mg·g⁻¹)	果糖 Fructose/ (mg·g⁻¹)	山梨醇 Sorbitol/ (mg·g⁻¹)	苹果酸 Malic acid/ (mg·g⁻¹)	柠檬酸 Citric acid/ (mg·g⁻¹)	奎尼酸 Quinic acid/ (mg·g⁻¹)	莽草酸 Shikimic acid/ (mg·g⁻¹)
Ⅰ	13.34a	133.56a	0.16d	0.046b	85.12a	130.89bc	43.22a	6.89b	39.42b	34.66b	1.24e	0.63c	0.89bc	0.66d
Ⅱ	13.86a	132.00a	0.21c	0.065a	62.12bc	126.94c	26.10 d	10.37a	45.82a	33.48b	1.55b	0.72a	0.94b	0.78b
Ⅲ	13.62a	129.87a	0.19c	0.066a	68.14b	138.83a	38.94b	9.98a	45.41a	33.58b	1.50c	0.71a	0.81d	0.74c
Ⅳ	13.56a	135.63a	0.31a	0.068a	43.89d	137.12ab	32.57c	10.11a	47.11a	37.59a	1.45d	0.67b	0.83cd	0.64e
CK	13.94a	140.32a	0.26b	0.068a	54.85cd	126.65c	45.67a	6.65b	34.61c	39.37a	1.66a	0.53d	1.11a	0.90a

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表 3 不同套袋方式浙梨6号果实的外观品质

Table 3. Appearance of Zheli No. 6 pears bagged once or twice

处理 Treatment	L	a	b	果皮色泽 Fruit peel color	果点 Dot	果面光滑度 Degree of fruit skin smoothness	果锈指数 Fruit rust index	果锈位置 Rust location		单果质量 Weight per fruit/g	果形指数 Fruit shape index
处理 Treatment	L	a	b	果皮色泽 Fruit peel color	果点 Dot	果面光滑度 Degree of fruit skin smoothness	果锈指数 Fruit rust index	萼端 Calyx end/%	全果 Whole fruit/%	单果质量 Weight per fruit/g	果形指数 Fruit shape index
一次套袋 Single bagging	63.42a	−6.29b	36.23a	黄绿	小、密	光滑	0.743b	55	45	820.55a	0.89a
二次套袋 Twice bagging	64.17a	−5.28b	35.98a	黄绿	小、密	光滑	0.571c	85	15	778.03a	0.92a
对照CK	56.51b	−0.16a	33.20b	绿褐相间	大、密	中等	1.00a	0	100	753.53a	0.89a

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表 4 不同套袋方式浙梨6号果实内在品质

Table 4. Eating quality of Zheli No. 6 pears bagged once or twice

处理 Treatment	可溶性固形物 Total soluble solids/ %	可溶性总糖 Total soluble sugar/ （mg·g⁻¹）	可滴定酸 Titratable acid/%	维生素C Vitamin C/ (mg·g⁻¹)	糖酸比 Ratio of soluble sugar and titratable acid	甜度值 Sweetness value	蔗糖 Sucrose/ (mg·g⁻¹)	葡萄糖 Glucose/ (mg·g⁻¹)	果糖 Fructose/ (mg·g⁻¹)	山梨醇 Sorbitol/ (mg·g⁻¹)	苹果酸 Malic (acid/ mg·g⁻¹)	柠檬酸 Citri acid/ (mg·g⁻¹)	奎尼酸 Quinic acid/ (mg·g⁻¹)	莽草酸 Shikimic acid/ (mg·g⁻¹)
一次套袋 Single bagging	13.34a	133.56b	0.16b	0.046b	85.12a	130.89b	43.22b	6.89b	39.42b	34.66b	1.24b	0.63a	0.89b	0.66c
二次套袋 Twice bagging	13.26a	147.77a	0.28a	0.063a	53.88b	138.54a	43.41b	9.19a	43.55a	31.19c	1.05c	0.45c	0.90b	0.70b
对照CK	13.94a	140.32ab	0.26a	0.068a	54.85b	126.65b	45.67a	6.65b	34.61c	39.37a	1.66a	0.53b	1.11a	0.90a

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表 5 不同时期套袋处理浙梨6号果实的外观品质

Table 5. Appearance of Zheli No. 6 pears bagged at different times

处理 Treatment	L	a	b	果点 Dot		果面光滑度 Degree of fruit skin smoothness	单果质量 Weight per fruit/g	果形指数 Fruit shape index
处理 Treatment	L	a	b	直径 Diameter/mm	密度 Density/(个·cm⁻²)	果面光滑度 Degree of fruit skin smoothness	单果质量 Weight per fruit/g	果形指数 Fruit shape index
盛花后10 d 10 d after full-bloom	58.80a	−1.72c	33.23a	0.89d	13.28b	光滑	607.00c	0.85a
盛花后20 d 20 d after full-bloom	59.51a	−1.34c	33.67a	1.15bc	13.39b	光滑	646.33bc	0.89a
盛花后30 d 30 d after full-bloom	60.69a	−4.81 d	34.43a	1.08c	12.36b	光滑	650.77bc	0.88a
盛花后40 d 40 d after full-bloom	60.06a	−3.74cd	34.46a	1.14bc	15.57ab	光滑	649.83bc	0.90a
盛花后50 d 50 d after full-bloom	59.93a	−3.27cd	34.10a	1.21b	14.54ab	光滑	670.75b	0.86a
盛花后60 d 60 d after full-bloom	51.10c	8.25a	29.67c	0.93 d	17.63a	光滑	690.45ab	0.86a
对照 CK	54.58b	3.32b	31.07b	1.42a	18.54a	中等	737.98a	0.87a

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表 6 不同时期套袋处理浙梨6号果实的内在品质

Table 6. Eating quality of Zheli No. 6 pears bagged at different times

处理 Treatment	可溶性固形物 Total soluble solids/%	可溶性总糖 Total soluble sugar/ (mg·g⁻¹)	可滴定酸 Titratable acid/%	维生素C Vitamin C/ (mg·g⁻¹)	糖酸比 Ratio of soluble sugar and titratable acid	甜度值 Sweetness value	蔗糖 Sucrose/ (mg·g⁻¹)	葡萄糖 Glucose/ (mg·g⁻¹)	果糖 Fructose/ (mg·g⁻¹)	山梨醇 Sorbitol/ (mg·g⁻¹)	苹果酸 Malic acid/ (mg·g⁻¹)	柠檬酸 Citric acid/ (mg·g⁻¹)	奎尼酸 Quinic acid/ (mg·g⁻¹)	莽草酸 Shikimic acid/ (mg·g⁻¹)
盛花后10 d 10 d after full-bloom	13.03a	96.61b	0.19a	0.19a	52.05b	133.95abc	33.63bc	12.64ab	44.73a	32.99ab	0.61cd	0.60b	0.19d	0.056de
盛花后20 d 20 d after full-bloom	13.25a	108.06ab	0.17a	0.18a	62.04ab	141.65ab	41.69abc	11.08b	43.81a	38.83a	1.02a	0.70a	0.31a	0.15a
盛花后30 d 30 d after full-bloom	13.43a	110.83ab	0.18a	0.23a	61.14ab	127.28bc	36.56abc	11.81b	39.83a	31.89ab	0.57d	0.47d	0.25b	0.067d
盛花后40 d 40 d after full-bloom	13.38a	107.21ab	0.20a	0.19a	53.94b	143.77ab	46.53a	13.88a	43.13a	30.12b	0.97a	0.44e	0.23bc	0.065d
盛花后50 d 50 d after full-bloom	13.42a	116.44a	0.19a	0.17a	62.80ab	147.96a	46.36a	12.43ab	45.73a	32.16ab	0.68c	0.51c	0.23bc	0.050e
盛花后60 d 60 d after full-bloom	13.32a	109.33ab	0.17a	0.17a	62.76ab	134.99abc	44.39ab	10.83b	39.71a	33.84ab	0.88b	0.40f	0.21cd	0.078c
对照 CK	13.80a	122.29a	0.17a	0.19a	71.68a	122.01c	32.82c	12.66ab	38.64a	31.78ab	0.84b	0.49d	0.29a	0.13b

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