玉屏风加减煎剂对德化黑鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫的抗感染效果

林雪玲; 林祚贵; 赖宝色; 徐磊; 刘志军; 马玉芳

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.06.002

玉屏风加减煎剂对德化黑鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫的抗感染效果

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.06.002

1.
福建农业职业技术学院，福建　福州　350007
2.
德化县戴云黑鸡养殖有限公司，福建　德化　362500
3.
中西兽医结合与动物保健福建省高等学校重点实验室（福建农林大学），福建　福州　350002

基金项目: 福建省科技计划项目（2019N0025）；福建省教育科学“十四五”规划项目（FJJKGZ21-055）

详细信息

作者简介:
林雪玲（1974 —），女，硕士，副教授，主要从事中兽医药及动物保健研究，E-mail：992384028@qq.com

通讯作者:
马玉芳（1970 —），女，博士，教授，主要从事天然产物开放与综合利用相关研究，E-mail：myfau850@sohu.com

中图分类号: S831
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-05-10
- 修回日期: 2024-06-08
- 刊出日期: 2024-06-28

Anti-infection Effects of Modified Yupingfeng Decoction on Dehua Black Chicken Infected with Eimeria Tenella

1.
Fujian Vocational College of Agriculture, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
2.
Dehua County Daiyun Black Chicken Breeding Co., Ltd., Dehua, Fujian　362500, China
3.
University Key Laboratory for Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary and Animal Healthcare in Fujian Province(Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探明玉屏风加减煎剂对柔嫩艾美耳球虫（Eimeria tenella）感染德化黑鸡抗氧化、抗炎、免疫功能的影响及抗球虫效果。方法将120只45日龄德化黑鸡随机分为6组，分别是空白对照组（K组）、感染对照组（G组）、常山青蒿低剂量组（CQL组）、玉屏风加减低剂量组（YL组）、常山青蒿高剂量组（CQH组）、玉屏风加减高剂量组（YH组），除空白对照组外，其余各组均感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫，24 h后开始连续7 d饮水给药，第8 d测定比较各组抗球虫指数、免疫功能、抗氧化能力等指标的差异。结果与感染对照组（G组）相比，中药处理组CQH、YH、CQL、YL的血便、盲肠病变症状依次减轻。除CQH组外，其他组盲肠病变计分、盲肠黏膜下淋巴细胞密度显著或极显著下降（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）；除CQH组OPG显著下降（P＜0.05）外，其他3个中药组OPG下降极显著（P＜0.01）；YL组和YH组盲肠上皮细胞脱落计分极显著降低（P＜0.01）。与CQL、CQH组相比，YL、YH组MDA、盲肠病变计分、盲肠上皮细胞脱落计分和OPG下降极显著（P＜0.01）。与G组相比，4个中药组 IL-6、 IFN-γ、TNF-α、丙二醛（MDA）含量极显著降低（P＜0.01），而 IL-2含量、 SIgA水平、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）极显著升高（P＜0.01）；YL组IL-2含量、 SIgA水平、GSH-Px活性、SOD活性、CAT活性极显著增高（P＜0.01），YH组GSH-Px、 SOD活性极显著升高（P＜0.01）。与K组相比，G组、CQL组、YL组、CQH组、YH组的相对增重率分别是79.88%、103.49%、107.27%、95.05%、96.06%，抗球虫指数（anti-coccidial index, ACI）分别是96、165.5、177、133.5、162.5。结论玉屏风加减煎剂对人工感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫德化黑鸡具有更好抗炎、抗氧化、提高免疫功能的免疫调节作用，并相应具有更好的抗球虫效果，且以玉屏风加减低剂量组（YL）抗球虫效果最好。
- 玉屏风加减煎剂 /
- 德化黑鸡 /
- 柔嫩艾美耳球虫 /
- 免疫调节 /
- 抗球虫指数
Abstract: Objective To study the effects of modified Yupingfeng decoction on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune function and anti-coccidial effect of Dehua black chickens infected with Eimeria tenella. Methods The treated 120 45-day-old Dehua black chickens were randomly divided into 6 groups, namely, blank control group (K group), infected control group (G group), low-dose group of Radix dichroa and Artemisia annua (CQL group), low-dose group of modified Yupingfeng decoction (YL group), high-dose group of Radix dichroa and Artemisia annua (CQH group), and high-dose group of modified Yupingfeng decoction (YH group). Except for the K group, all other groups were infected with Eimeria tenella. Treatment with the respective decoctions began 24 hours after infection and continued for 7 days. On the 8^th day, various indices including anti-coccidial index, immune function, and antioxidant capacity were measured. Results Compared with the infection control group (G group), the symptoms of bloody stool and cecal lesions were alleviated in the CQH, YH, CQL, and YL groups in order. Except for the CQH group, the cecal lesion scores and submucosal lymphocyte density in the cecum were significantly or extremely significantly reduced (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01); oocyst per gram (OPG) was deduced extremely in the other three traditional Chinese medicine groups (P＜0.01), while OPG in CQH group was reduced significantly (P＜0.05); the cecuml epithelial cell shedding score was decreased extremely in YL group and YH group(P＜0.01). Compared with the CQL and CQH groups, the YL and YH groups showed extremely significant reductions in MDA, cecal lesion scores, epithelial cell shedding scores, and OPG levels (P＜0.01). Compared with G group, the contents of IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the four Chinese medicine groups were significantly decreased (P＜0.01). In contrast, IL-2 content, SIgA level, and the activity of glutathione peroxides (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were significantly increased (P＜0.01). IL-2 content, SIgA level, and the activity of GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT were significantly increased in the YL group (P＜0.01), and GSH-Px and SOD activities were significantly increased in the YH group (P＜0.01). Compared with K group, the relative weight gain rate of the G group, CQL group, YL group, CQH group, and YH group were 79.88%, 103.49%, 107.27%, 95.05%, and 96.06%, and the ACI were 96, 165.5, 177, 133.5, and 162.5, respectively. Conclusion The modified Yupingfeng decoction has better immunomodulation effect of improving anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immune function on Dehua black chickens infected with Eimeria tenella, and correspondingly has better anti-coccidia effect, while the Yupingfeng modified low-dose group (YL) has the best anticoccidia effect.
- modified Yupingfeng decoction /
- Dehua black chicken /
- Eimeria tenella /
- immunomodulation /
- anti-coccidial index

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图 1 玉屏风加减对人工感染球虫德化黑鸡盲肠形态结构的影响（200×）

Figure 1. Effect of modified Yupingfeng decoction on cecuml morphology of Dehua black chicken infected with coccidia （200×）

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表 1 试验鸡分组与处理

Table 1. Grouping and treatment of the chicken

组别 Group	动物数 Total number/只	处理 Treatment
空白对照组 K	20	不攻虫不给药
感染对照组 G	20	攻虫不给药
常山青蒿低剂量组 CQL	20	攻虫给药；煎剂2剂量2.5 mL·天⁻¹·只⁻¹
玉屏风加减低剂量组 YL	20	攻虫给药；煎剂1剂量2 mL·天⁻¹·只⁻¹+煎剂2剂量2.5 mL·天⁻¹·只⁻¹
常山青蒿高剂量组 CQH	20	攻虫给药；煎剂2剂量5 mL·天⁻¹·只⁻¹
玉屏风加减高剂量组 YH	20	攻虫给药；煎剂1剂量2 mL·天⁻¹·只⁻¹+煎剂2剂量5 mL·天⁻¹·只⁻¹

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表 2 盲肠上皮细胞脱落计分标准

Table 2. Cecal epithelial cell shedding scoring criteria

分值 Score	标准 Standard
0	黏膜层上皮完整、细胞形态正常，固有层肠腺数量丰富、分布均匀，淋巴细胞分布均匀；未见明显的炎性改变
1	黏膜层偶见上皮细胞坏死脱落，胞核固缩深染、碎裂或溶解消失；固有层肠腺数量丰富、分布均匀，淋巴细胞分布均匀；未见明显的炎性改变。
2	黏膜层少见上皮细胞坏死脱落，胞核固缩深染、碎裂或溶解消失；固有层肠腺数量丰富、分布均匀，淋巴细胞分布均匀；未见明显的炎性改变。
3	黏膜层多处上皮细胞缺失，固有层裸露；固有层淋巴细胞数量增多，肠腺间距较宽，排列稍不规则，淋巴数量轻度增多。
4	黏膜层大面积上皮细胞缺失，固有层裸露；固有层明显水肿，结缔组织排列疏松，肠腺间距增宽，排列稍不规则，淋巴细胞数量增多。

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表 3 盲肠病变计分标准

Table 3. Cecal lesions scoring criteria

分值 Score	标准 Standard
0	无肉眼可见病变
1	盲肠肠壁存在少量散在的瘀点，肠壁不增厚，内容物正常
2	盲肠病变病理变化较多，盲肠内容物明显带血，盲肠壁稍增厚
3	盲肠内有多量血液或有肠芯，盲肠壁明显增厚，盲肠中粪便含量少甚至无粪便存在
4	盲肠内充满大量血液或肠芯，盲肠肿大，肠芯中含有粪渣或不含，或鸡死亡

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表 4 玉屏风加减对人工感染球虫德化黑鸡盲肠病变指标的影响

Table 4. Effect of modified Yupingfeng decoction on cecuml lesion scores of Dehua black chicken infected with coccidia

组别 Group	盲肠上皮细胞脱落情况计分 Epithelial cell shedding	盲肠黏膜下淋巴细胞密度 Submucosal lymphocyte density/ (个·mm⁻²)
空白对照组 K	0 Cc	611.90±107.60 Ab
感染对照组 G	3.50±0.46 Aa	1156.00±532.40 Aa
常山青蒿低剂量组 CQL	2.75±1.17 Aa	772.40±275.00 Ab
玉屏风加减低剂量组 YL	1.00±0.93 Bb	674.40±85.87 Ab
常山青蒿高剂量组 CQH	3.25±0.71 Aa	916.20±169.20 Aa
玉屏风加减高剂量组 YH	1.25±1.28 Bb	708.00±177.30 Ab
同列数据后不同大、小写字母分别表示差异极显著（P＜0.01）或差异显著（P＜0.05）。下表同。 Different uppercase and lowercase letters in the same column indicate extremely significant difference (P＜0.01) or significant difference (P＜0.05). Same for below.

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表 5 玉屏风加减煎剂对人工感染球虫德化黑鸡增重率的影响

Table 5. Effect of modified Yupingfeng decoction on relative weight gain rate of Dehua black chicken infected with coccidia

组别 Group	感染前体重 Average initial weight/g	感染7 d后体重 Average final weight/g	平均日增重 Average weight gain/g	相对增重率 Relative weight gain rate/%
空白对照组 K	638.70±85.51	756.00±103.40	117.30	100.00
感染对照组 G	667.90±96.57	760.70±117.20	93.70	79.88
常山青蒿低剂量组 CQL	662.90±120.90	784.30±141.90	121.40	103.49
玉屏风加减低剂量组 YL	657.10±120.30	782.90±138.90	125.80	107.27
常山青蒿高剂量组 CQH	671.40±93.47	782.90±112.50	111.50	95.05
玉屏风加减高剂量组 YH	682.90±94.66	795.70±103.50	112.80	96.16

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表 6 玉屏风加减煎剂对人工感染球虫德化黑鸡ACI的影响

Table 6. Effect of modified Yupingfeng decoction on ACI of Dehua black chicken infected with coccidia

组别 Group	存活率 Survival rate/%	盲肠病变计分 Lesion	平均克粪便卵囊量 Oocyst per gram /(×10⁵)	卵囊值 Oocyst value	ACI
空白对照组 K	100	0 Cc	0 Dd	0
感染对照组 G	95	2.75±0.70 Aa	8.68±1.03 Aa	40	96.0
常山青蒿低剂量组 CQL	100	1.75±1.17 Ab	5.75±0.96 BCc	20	165.5
玉屏风加减低剂量组 YL	100	1.00±0.53 Bb	4.63±0.83 Cc	20	177.0
常山青蒿高剂量组 CQH	100	2.25±0.71 Aa	7.06±0.86 Ab	40	133.5
玉屏风加减高剂量组 YH	100	1.25±0.46 Bb	5.56±0.72 BCc	20	162.5

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表 7 玉屏风加减对人工感染球虫德化黑鸡血清细胞因子及肠道SIgA抗体的影响

Table 7. Effect of modified Yupingfeng decoction on cytokines and SIgA of Dehua black chicken infected with coccidia

组别Group	IL-2/(pg·mL⁻¹)	IL-6/(pg·mL⁻¹)	IFN-γ/(pg·mL⁻¹)	TNF-α/(pg·mL⁻¹)	SIgA/(μg·mL⁻¹)
空白对照组 K	178.10±22.00 ABa	20.55±1.75 Bbc	57.42±3.72 Bb	48.83±4.31 Bb	1228.00±102.00 Bb
感染对照 G	134.70±15.56 Cc	29.64±2.55 Aa	67.78±4.91 Aa	69.01±4.54 Aa	948.60±72.05 Cc
常山青蒿低剂量组 CQL	172.90±18.60 Bb	23.76±2.13 Bb	52.79±3.72 Bb	49.15±5.05 Bb	1225.00±57.14 Bb
玉屏风加减低剂量组 YL	191.80±9.63 Aa	22.20±1.46 Bbc	52.21±2.30 Bb	48.62±1.91 Bb	1357.00±64.49 Aa
常山青蒿高剂量组 CQH	183.50±13.08 Aa	20.72±2.03 Bbc	53.25±4.72 Bb	47.22±4.29 Bb	1340.00±83.53 Aa
玉屏风加减高剂量组 YH	203.90±17.68 Aa	20.12±2.34 Bc	52.43±5.41 Bb	43.78±2.73 Bb	1385.00±81.46 Aa

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表 8 玉屏风加减对人工感染球虫德化黑鸡抗氧化功能的影响

Table 8. Effect of modified Yupingfeng decoction on antioxidant indexes of Dehua black chicken infected with coccidia

组别 Group	丙二醛 MDA/(nmol·mL⁻¹)	谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U·mL⁻¹)	超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U·mL⁻¹)	总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U·mL⁻¹)	过氧化氢酶 CAT/(U·mL⁻¹)
空白对照组 K	4.31±0.56 Dd	435.90±33.56 Aa	61.21±5.84 Aa	18.45±1.95 BCb	176.00±24.19 Aa
感染对照组 G	8.63±0.58 Aa	182.40±15.43 Ee	26.67±2.90 Dd	16.35±1.21 Cc	112.50±12.19 Cc
常山青蒿低剂量组 CQL	7.53±0.14 Bb	250.90±6.88 Dd	35.91±4.54 Cc	19.16±1.50 Bb	132.60±15.31 Bb
玉屏风加减低剂量组 YL	5.82±0.19 Cc	315.9±20.96 Cc	46.56±5.12 Bb	22.88±1.89 Aa	161.40±9.40 Aa
常山青蒿高剂量组 CQH	6.99±0.47 Bb	287.60±16.27 Cc	38.72±4.48 Cc	20.90±2.18 ABa	150.40±14.87 Aa
玉屏风加减高剂量组YH	5.83±0.45Cc	370.00±18.08 Bb	49.93±6.40 Bb	22.72±2.80 ABa	163.40±25.67 Aa

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